JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed. The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Three group of rats (250 gr range) gavaged with Tamoxifen doses of 200, 400 and 600 µg/kg B.W (exp.1, exp.2, exp.3) dissolved in solvent [ethanol  60% and physiological solution] for 30 days. The sham group was gavaged with solvent and control did not receive solvent or drug. On days 1and 30 after the end of treatment, sections of ovary stained with H&E method and were observed histologically. Results of the observation were analyzed  by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and using SPSS software determined ±SE the means Result were termed significant if P£0.05. In the first sampling number of primordial follicle, secondary follicle, graafian follicle and corpus luteum were decreased significantly in experimental groups which received Tamoxifen compared with control group [p<0.001]. In the second sampling, number of primordial follicle secondary follicle, graafian follicle and corpus luteum increased compared with first sampling. The numbers of offsprings in experimental groups were less than control litters. These findings suggest that Tamoxifen decreases the fertilization ability and has negative effects on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Some of negative effects of Tamoxifen on reproduction ability, is abolished with time elapsed.

Ginger is one of the most valuable medical plants. It is a plant that contains most anti oxidant such as B, C and E vitamin. Also, this plant is effective in sexual ability. In this research, the effect of ginger extract has been investigated on hormonal axis of pituitary-gonad and spermatogenesis in mature mice of Balb/C. The used animals were 28 male mice with approximate weight about 26 to 31 grams and with the age about 60 days. The samples randomly were divided in to 4 groups that are contained control and sham and two group treatment. Treatment animals, received 50 and 100 mg/kg of mentioned extracts respectively two weeks, intraperitoneally. During mentioned period, sham group received distilled water in intrapritoneally. Control group used of food and water during. The concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones was measured. Also, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, sperm, spermatid, Sertoli, and Leydig cells were calculated. The concentration of LH hormone serum levels showed significant decrease in treatment 2 and the concentration of FSH hormone also in each two treatment groups in comparison with control and sham groups. The concentration of LH hormone indicated significant increase (p<=0.05) in treatment 1 and the concentration of testosterone hormone in treatment 1, 2 group in comparison with control and sham groups. Also results indicated that in spermatid, sperm and leydig cell have significant increase in treatment 1, 2 in comparison with control and sham groups. So, according to obtained results and according to increasing of the number of leydig cells and testosterone concentration it can conclude that ginger may cause sex cell proliferation in adult male mice.

Abbasabad Wildlife Refuge is one of the most intact desert ecosystems of Iran, with 300000 hectares area is located in Naein city in the eastern of Isfahan and because of insertion between the most original habitats of Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyxjubatus is considered as a connecting bridge for small and dispersed populations of cheetah in Iran. Hence protection of Abbasabad as a crossroad for Iranian cheetahs can help to the long-term survival of this species. This region also is one of the best habitats for Felis margarita, Caracal caracal and Gazellabennettii in Isfahan Province. The present study was conducted in 2006-2010 in order to identify the mammals, mainly from carnivores and their associated species. Identified species included: Paraechinushypomelas, Musmusculus, Merionespersicus, Allactaga elater, Jaculusblanfordi, Hystrixindica, Lepuseuropaeus, Vulpesvulpes, Vulpesrueppellii, Vulpescana, Canisaureus, Canis lupus, Hyaenahyaena, Felis margarita, Felissilvestris, Caracal caracal, Pantherapardus, Acinonyxjubatus, Equushemionus, Ovisorientalis, Capra aegagrus and Gazellabennettii.

Pheromones are the chemical matters which secreted from animals and act for regulating animal populations and their social interactions. Mammals sexual pheromones cause various behaviors such as aggressive behaviors, acceleration in puberty, courtship behavior, sexual partner finding, paternal behaviors and pregnancy failing. In this research, we examined the effect of female rat pheromone on the male rat's plasma levels of testosterone in infancy, puberty and old age. By using special cage, we considered the effect of sexual pheromones without the interface of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. We used ELIZA method for measurement plasma levels of testosterone in male rats. In 50-day male rats which were not placed next to the female rat (control group), the mean of plasma level of testosterone was 2.83 ng/ml that increased in 55-day (2.95 ng/ml), 60-day (3.03 ng/ml) and 65-day rats (3.58 ng/ml). In 85-day mature male rats which were not placed next to the female rat (control group), the mean of plasma level of testosterone was 7.67 ng/ml that increased in 90-day (8.23 ng/ml), 95-day (9.18 ng/ml) and 65-day rats (10.49 ng/ml). This increasing in p < 0.05 was significant. Although the plasma level of testosterone decrease among of old age (7.77 ng/ml) but in comparison to experimental groups of 150-day (8.83 ng/ml) and 160-day old rats (9.16 ng/ml) that receive female pheromones, plasma levels of testosterone were increase significantly. This finding indicate that female sexual pheromones increase the plasma level of testosterone and reproductive activities in infancy, puberty and old age periods of male rats life cycle.

Irregular increase in the population has been always a hindrance to the development of the countries. So the use of FP programs can stop this irregular increase. Oral combine contraceptive pills are a group of drugs used yearly by 70 millions of women in the USA. These pills have unwanted side effects. One of the side effects is headache seen in some of users. This effect sometimes endangers the continuation use OCPs. Ginger is a root herb with higher antioxidant effects than vit E. It can  neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are caused inflammation. In this randomized clinical trial the effects of ginger on headache after OCPs using evaluated in Shiraz. Based on this purpose of study, selecting cases that had study’s criteria was done. So 46 cases selected and randomly divided into two groups, 21 control group 25 treatment groups. The data was collected by questionnaire through clinical examination and personal interview in 1 cycle before and 2 cycle after treatment with ginger. Questionnaire has demographic and headache duration information. After data collecting we used SPSS. In statistical analysis descriptive, analysis and nonparametric measurement chi-square and Cochrane test were used. The results showed that significant decrease on headache between months in ginger group (P<0.001). It is concluded that ginger because of antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects can relief headache in OCP’s user.

Harmaline is one of the alkaloids that exist in different plant like Peganum harmala. This alkaloid has stimulative effect on releasing serotonin and Catecholamines in different parts of the brain. Also this alkaloid has hallucinogenic effect. One of the most important pharmacological effects of Harmaline is the inhibitory effect on Monoamine oxidase enzyme. Also Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and interference of benzodiazepine receptors in produce seizure and tremor has show. This research has done to estimate seizure threshold due to intrapritoneal injection of Harmaline in comparison with seizure threshold pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) of male NMRI mice. In this research the positive control receive of amount 45mg/kg, ip of PTZ and the other groups were injected with 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, ip of Harmaline. After above injections, seizure symptom has been estimated. As result of this research indicate the seizure threshold in positive group (PTZ) is amount 45mg/kg and seizure threshold of Harmaline is amount 5 mg/kg. In conclusion can reveal that Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and has showed that gabaergic system and serotonin neurotransmitters are involved in seizure activity due to Harmaline, while in seizure due to PTZ, interfere picrotoxine locus of GABA receptor and benzodiazepine locus has partial role on its effects.The result of this research has been shown that Harmaline reduce seizure threshold dose dependent significantly.

This research in order to evaluation of histolchemical characteristics of liver in female Mullie (Mullienesiae) in 3 groups (adult, preadult and immature) performed on Bahman in 1388 at laboratory complex of Science and Research University in 60 fish specimens to do the histolchemical process( lipid, protein, ash and moisture). All of the liver tissues were kept in -70 ċ until doing the rest of experiments. According to statistical analysis the significant variation (P<0.05) has seen in all protein and lipid percentages of liver tissues in 3 groups but the significant variation wasn’t seen in moisture and ash percentage of all groups. The evaluation of total ash, moisture and protein percentage of liver tissues showed that immature was higher than preadult and adult groups. The measurement of total lipid percentage of liver tissues revealed that lipid in preadult group was higher than adult and immature.

Sesame oil is applied in physiological and pharmacological researches as a solvent. It contains unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin. Physiological functions may be altered by these components. In this research, effect of dietary sesame oil on acute pain perception was studied. N-MRI male rats (200±20 g) were used. Animals divided to two groups: control that ate plats without sesame oil and experimental group that divided to three subgroups that ate dietary plats that contain 10% sesame oil for 28, 42 and 56 days respectively. After 28, 42 and 56 days pain threshold was tested by digital hot plate and formalin. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA. Hot plate test: Sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (P<0.002) and 42 days (P<0.03) and 56 days (P<0.005) significantly. In Formalin test sesame oil diet decreased pain in the 28 days (P<0.0001) and 42 days (P<0.0001) and 56 days (P<0.0003) significantly in early phase and also we found significant difference in 42 days (P<0.03) and 56 days (P<0.0005) in late phase of formalin test. Our data showed that dietary sesame oil could increase pain threshold. It seems that sesame oil lecithin (as a source for acetylcholine) or unsaturated fatty acid (altered plasma membrane properties or PGs metabolism or affects on GABAergic) involve in this pain threshold alternation.