JOURNAL OF RESISTANCE LITERATURE (SCOLARY RESEARCH)
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:18 |Papers Count:19

This paper explores metaphorical expressions which are retrieved from animal names in Defae Moghaddas literature. The analysis of these metaphorical expressions is based on Lakoff-Johnson framework. According to this approach, the metaphor is not just a literary embellishment but it is an active process in the human cognitive system whereas conceptual metaphors are one of the basic ways in people understanding of concepts. This paper is seeking to answer the differences in the application of metaphors based on animal names between Iranian and enemy Iraqi forces. Moreover, each metaphorical expression is culturally investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data for this study were taken from 30 best story books of holy defense festival. The results revealed that animal domain as a source domain is one of the most used domains and also the most number of animal names are used to refer to the enemy force, which has the highest degree of offensive and bestiality. Furthermore, the names of the animals that were used to refer to own forces are low and these names have positive connotations.

Most of the concepts and messages have been conveyed through literature, stories and poems, for long. It is necessary to communicate in order to convey the concepts. The theory of Implied Reader is based on this point of view which there is two persons needed in order to communicate and convey the concept. Therefore, the writer must communicate with their reader in order to convey the concept they want. Aiden Chambers a British author and theorist of children’ s and young-adult literature born in 1934, believes that by studying some of the elements in a story, it is possible to discover the relation between the writer and the reader as well as the concepts considered to be conveyed by the author. On the other hand, resistance literature tries to communicate with children through teaching resistance, devotion, forgiveness, hope, salvation, the victory of good over bad, etc. Therefore, the current study tries to recognize and compare the readers of resistance literature in the 60s and 90s based on Chambers’ theory and also studies the methods that writers employ to communicate with their readers in the both decades. Consequently, two stories in resistance literature published by Institute for the Intellectual development of Children and Young-Adults (Kanoon) have been chosen and studied.

Structuralist semiotics examines the formation of meaning and the representation of reality, and believes that the sign and signifier are strongly linked to each other, and that there is a link between them, in which each sign is a reminder of a specific sign in mind. This type of semiotics of dual contrasts is a fundamental element in the structural and semantic analysis of literary works and also one of the main methods for achieving the structure of the text. The present research aims to analyze and explain the effective discourse on the structure of language and thought in the poems of Razavi, based on the types of mutual couples at the level of lexical and semantic descriptive-analytic approach, and the conflicting couples and the semantic interaction of the vocabulary focus on the concepts And the eternal-eternal effects of perseverance, as the world reveals the dualities that are hidden in the structure of these poems, and the types of dialectical, complementary, double-sided, implicit, and formal, axial, linear, and semitransparent semantic opposites Concepts and subjects like: grace / grief, poverty / richness, purity / filth, love / Reason, darkness / light, disbelief / religion, illness / healing, oppression / oppression, courage / blackmail, roving / familiarity, and also the contrast between green and red in poetry of Razavi, the poets of the sacred defense, have analyzed the poetry practices of The mention of mutual couples in the poems of Razavi,

In contemporary time, there are various literal styles in Arabic countries; that poets choose different ways to transfer their thoughts and experiences to listeners. One of the most challenging styles is symbolism that many experts believed that dictator situation of society, harms of direct language and familiarity of Arab poets with western styles are some reasons of this likeness. One of these poets is Helmi Salim, that symbolism has high frequency in his poem. This research by an analyzing – descriptive method, first had refer to biography of Helmi Salim and then review the symbols in some political and results of this research indicate that in his poem the various types of symbols such as human-plants and birds and his aim to using this method is challenging the dictator kings and disclose the face of their governments and show a world full of peace and relaxes.

Custom and Razavi Poems and devoted Poets who are interested in Ahl Beyt are manifestation of increasing torch of loving messenger's relatives. Mohammad Taghi Bahar's poems, the well known constitutional poet abounded with emotions, the mirror of people's pains who were harassed by dominating cruel government. The poems of his Divan poems are devoted to Imam Reza's praising and Bahar's Razavi poems are intertextual of language, reflection, figurative imaginary and emotion due to descriptive-analytical method, because after examining the elements, it is better to say the kind of his approach and his resistant thoughts of Razavi poems are visible. The conclusions show that movement of pictures, the un-continuous figurative imaginary of Razavi poems refer to the career concerning with simile, metaphor, allusion, hyperbole, metonymy. The poet's emotion changes due to time, therefore, the theme of his poems, his emotions of Razavi poems including; praising, Imam-based, criticism of present time, fighting with enemy, encouraging pathriatic feeling, defending land in front of strangers, to fear of common people of cruelty, mocking cruel, pity for cruelty.

Doctrine of naturalism in the second half of the 19th century by Emile Zola, French writter was founded. The Doctrine believe behaviors ideas men arose from inner instincts and natural desires. determinism, immorality, materialist ideas, pessimism and malicious and objectivism such components is naturalism. There are some prominent components in a number of works of fiction of the holy defense of naturalism, creat the naturalism of species of figure in the genre. This cross-sectional study using library resources and relying on features of this type of naturalism in the works of Ahmad Dehghan about the induction of put-is. According to the text outcomees of the investigation indicates that farmers in the work objectivism, expressed war violence facts, testimonials nakedness of casualties, drawing destruction, represent catastrophes and wars and practice some traits ugliness and non-conventional interpretations about the soldiers-which is rare in the realm of fiction holy war-is seen; so the authors assumed that some novels farmer, a vehicle for the representation of some properties. naturalism is in the realm of fiction holy war and defense.

Resistance Literature was started to return to self-control since 60mid of 20th century to present time. Therefore, the liberation of Palestine and Ghods as well as the resistance stream against occupation is one of the ideals and foundations of Islamic acknowledgment movement. Tamim Barghousy is so thoughtful and conscious poet, also educated politician who reserved his status throughout Palestinian resistance poetry due to composing the brilliant Qsayds as "Fi-al-Ghods" and the other ones that has been called "Ghods" poet. At this paper, addition to introducing him and studying his literary stability against occupying regime, we try to study how to emerge elements of resistance and acknowledgment at his poetry in order to be interpreted the situation of the powerful poet within Palestinian resistance poetry, induction of stability and awaking of Islamic campaigner communities. The results show that Barghousy can draw elements of stability and acknowledgment in his poetries by describing the details deeply, utilizing the partial imaginations, using of intertextual Qurainc and narrative and by proposing the items such as Ghods and its background, honorable Hadith Kasa as solidarity factors. He, also, introduces continuing the struggle and stability as the solution against occupiers so as to bring the awaking and knowledge for his audiences, especially combatant Muslims.

Resistance is one of the genres which has been considered theoretically in the new era. However it does not mean the creation of similar works in the new era and the lack of its classic types. Considering the climatic and regional conditions of Iran, different national-patriotic examples can be seen in our classic literature. Other examples have been of substantive nature. Shahname can be considered as the best type in this regard, for in its superficial and deep layers, it is full of messages that invite people to resist. Interestingly, these messages are not just for a special point in time, but they can be understood and used in parallel in all periods. In this paper, we intend both to study and analyze this genre using Aristotle’ s Four Causes and analyze different strata of the poem. We also try to explain and demonstrate resistance messages of Shahname that are covered in different layers and have diverse functions. Finally we conclude that Iran and Iranian resistance is rooted in their history.

Resistance literature as a literary genre has a long history and since the birth of literature, moved alongside it. Kaiser Aminpoor has special place among the prominent poets of this kind of literature in Iran and his poetic language distinct from poetic language of his contemporaries that the reason for this distinction is his focus on different aspects of language and particularly the issue of archaism in poetry. Archaism is indicative of the ancient poets grammar in the language of poetry and its reflection in the words and syntax. In this study, has been paid to level of the lexical archaism (noun, adjective, adverb, verb, word) in full array Lyrics Kaiser Aminpoor that in the present study is considered the performance and motivation of choice of ancient words and vocabulary building. The aim of this study is to elucidate the function and structure of the ancient vocabulary used by the poet and the relation between language and his views on poetry. the results achieved by using of the way descriptive and library and analysis lines and survey, indicates that poet is considered in his choice of words of ancient often aspects epic, mystical, musical, rhetorical and poetic and is adapted modern languages with ancient patterns.

Satire is a literary work that speaks about bad aspects of human behavior, moral weaknesses and social corruptions or, it shows human errors ironically and indirectly. Its sole purpose is to adjust society. Sometimes communities suffer from social, political, economic problems or governor and people of that community are involved in moral reprobation. Under this circumstance, Satire by its various functions such as political, social, etc… accomplishes its purpose by the works of poets and authors of this field. the question arises whether the production of this all work humor poetry Islamic Revolution in the Valley of political satire, social satire and of course language oriented emerged, new infrastructure and new traceable in these things, the category and the recognition of the have generated. This study, with the analysis of selected works of the Satirists of Islamic Revolution, the application of new methods in Satire of Islamic Revolution study and define. That kind of methods which has been less considered so far, and now they are worthy of attention. Methods like Ultra sonnet, Ashofte*, Ultra-modern poetry, short poems: Taranak*(short song), Anak*(short poem), local dialects, colloquial and song-like language, Tarfe kari*, all types of Parodies, word plays and … . It must be understood that make use of new satirical methods, indeed is the description of the main basis of Islamic Revolution Satire that Satirists of the Revolution according to the taste of modern society and lack of time and vice versa used and use the short forms for their satirical poems.

Study concept and cognitive metaphors in the text, can be an important tool in order to discover the meaning of text, in other words reveals some of the concepts to be covered. Thus, in the identification of Sacred Defense poetry, we've used this tool to answer this question which abstract concepts and emotional in this kind of poetry, poets have been considered and what elements they have used for spectacle and visual abstractions. To achieve this aim, among numerous examples of collections of poetry, three metaphor of a "witness", "love" and "faith" was investigated. The results show that for each of the aforementioned metaphor, three patterns anthropomorphism, article count, and fancy plant, was highly regarded But the animal model fancy, just some minor metaphors such as "martyr bird" is used. Systematic conceptual metaphors has led to positive aspects of the metaphor. And aspects that are incompatible with these metaphors is hiding.

The consequences of war and children suffer is one of the issues that can be seen in the works of the authors and poets from different nations. Mahmud Darvish and Qeyasr Aminpour have felt and experienced war closely. Mahmud Darvish loves his hometown as a beloved, and recommends staying in it and resisting against oppressors. Also, he disgusts death abroad and always hopes of returning to home. He utilizes symbols, heritage, religion and the whisper of children with their parents in expressing his thoughts and emotions, and flocks to helplessness and lack of aid from other countries. He, also, announces to children to return home some day. Qeyasr Aminpour, also, loves his hometown and village wholeheartedly, and explains the sustainability and describes the war injuries and disasters. He utilizes symbols, too, and expresses the brutal killing of children and orphans in war and its consequences. He hopes to the future of these children. This paper presents the two poet's views and thoughts about the topic, in a comparative method

After the end of the Iraqi imposed war against Iran, Sacred Defense poetry into a new phase of his life, the poet of the period to take a more realistic war began, one of the poets of the period Masrkhvzstan poem "February Saki", he published the first collection of poetry "The old gazelles" as a poet in the field of literature the literary community stability introduced after the war, this research, first by descriptive analytic, literary themes stability "gazelles old" detected, then the analysis of the use them in different areas of his personality in literature to introduce sustainability. Studies and analyzes show that diverse literary themes of sustainability in office "old gazelles" are: triple expectation, hope and idealism, triple Ashura, Jihad and martyrdom; Jamandn long convoy of martyrs, condemned the remembrance of the martyrs, to draw the consequences of space and expression inevitable and horrible war; Jngstyzy (anti-war and the factors leading to it); protest, worry and anxiety from the chaotic world, to protest against the shortcomings of modern life (urbanization), concerned with awakening and resistance, mysticism and stability in the war; stability mystical love, stability fight passion; stability in the care of thinking and behavior, using expressions and mystical terms. Percent indicate that the use of themes: Feb Saki in terms of sustainability literature is the first poet of universal human attitudes and religious views religious poet in the second and third time and the fourth poet mystic poet with preoccupations with interests National Native

One of the most prominent meanings of resistance and consistency in Palestine’ s poem is symbolism. Under using the symbolic words. To reflect the realities of society and its occupied territories in the light of his symbolic vocabulary poems, poet directs it from single semantic status to the poly semantic ones, thus it causes different readings of texts and reflecting on poetic meaning and concept on addressee. Moein Bseiso is including poets who have comprehensive scope’ s epical thoughts in his lyrics. By artistic use of natural symbols, he has been able to promote the oppression fighting’ s culture and plays an important role in oppressed Palestinians’ awakening and endeavoring. The present article is to analyze the samples of natural symbols in Moein Bseiso’ s Epic songs by descriptive-analytical method and then by their semantic implications, he unveils the poet’ s initiative rate in symbolizing. The findings show that natural symbols in his poetry reflects the components of sustainability, anti-colonialism, heroism, hope to bright future and away from oppression for the occupied Palestinian territory.

Mongol invasion of Iran and its full occupation of the territory was dominated by the political and military and with any stability (resistance) treated people badly. With the death of Abu patriarch last ruler of this dynasty, chaos and insecurity gripped the Iranian territory. The crisis created after the death of patriarch Abu oppression of the Iranian people rose. The teachings of the Quran and Hal al-Bait to provide the people of Khorana, an area in front of the invaders to their stability. Therefore, in the eastern part of the Shiite movement Sarbedaran against oppression was the patriarch of the Mongols. Sarbedaran first successful resistance of the Iranian people who in the eighth century with an emphasis on stability effects such as oppression, homeland patriotism, justice came to power after winning the support of freedom of movement. In view of the above, this study tries to find an answer to the following questions: 1. How was Sarbedaran Shiite movement? 2. Which aspects of sustainability will be the victory of this movement? The findings in this study suggest that although stability effects such as oppression, justice and homeland worship at Srbdarn Shiite movement's most important role is the most important factor of stability and continuity Sarbedaran, the teachings of the Quran and Hal al-Bait Culture (a) in particular has been the culture of Ashura.

"Shina Girl" is memories of Ghadam-kheyr e Mohammadi Kanaan, wife of martyr general Sattar e Ebrahimi e Hozhir, written by Behnaz e Zarrabizadeh. This book, in a sense, is a literary genre of diaries, but in other sense is the history writing in Iranian Holy War which Expressed as martyr and martyrdom, martyrs' wives and reflect social and psychological status of the war. Oral history is one of the methods of historical research that Based on the collection of oral sayings and his origins is memory. collector of information in the oral history, is not historians, also The text is not history, it is a series of healthcare information Which had crossed on the mind of the history narrater and accordance with the his mind. Researchers with the assumption that "Shina Girl" is an example for Oral History, discussed to investigate the expression characteristics of oral history abot Iranian Holy War in this book and concluded that the interviewer to select interesting and original issue, has become the writing of history to a literary work. Zrabyzadh with knowledge of the history of the war, has created an atmospher on the memory of the person with reality, to guarantee an accurate reflection of the important events of the Iranian Holy War.