MOSKUYA
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:21|Papers Count:7

Failure of constitutionalist's ideals and desires and subsequent unwanted engagement of Iran in the First World War led to intervention of foreign powers in political- social movements in different parts of Iran. In this regard, Jungle movement could be considered as the most efficient social movement in the mentioned periods which had to make ultra regional interactions with Russia, England, German and Ottoman, due to its specific geographic position. Given the duration of Jungle movement (1921-1914) and rising of socialistic government in Russia (which had the claim to support the whole revolutions in the world); Jungle movement immediately was influenced by this new revolution but finally England could affect it and then Russia didn’t support and in a negotiation which had with Iran, it could cooperate with Russia in order to suppress the Jungle movement. The present article tries not only to study the Jungle movement trend but also to examine the positions of some foreign states concerning the Jungle movement.

The Word war P, and Reza shah’s fall in Shahrivar 1320 led to the occupation of Iran by Soviet, Britain and America forces. Also, it was created political openness with activities of political parties across the country. In this critical situations was fourteenth election of the Majlis and the parliament opened in the sixth Esfand 1322sh. Form the very first meeting, MPs were faced numerous challenges and knotty. One of them was issue of Azarbaijan and establishing democrat party and autonomous government in Tabriz. The rejection of jafarepishevari’s accreditation as Tabriz representative had bad consequences for Iran. It caused surprising and shock of MPs. This article will check the action and reaction of parliament about the issue of Azarbaijan in the period of the fourteenth of the national assembly.

Ruling period of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1300/1320A.H.S-1921/1945 A.D.) is the rising time of the intellectual currents which primarily served for Reza Shah and the governing political current’s benefits and goals. The intellectuals in this period, particularly a significant group of them, were seeking to reinforce national unity and identity on the base of the Persian ancient culture with presenting a charismatic personality of Reza Shah who made up the lags in the period of Qajar dynasty. One of the views of this period is a modern and europeanized look at Iranian culture. In this study, content of the works of three intellectuals of this period i.e. R. Yasami, S. Nafisi and M. Afshar is analyzed to compare their views on the mentioned subjects.

The Turks were one of the hard working and strong nations that had activities in the north of Transoxiana. From the ages of the great emperors China, Iran and East Roman Empire, that is in about 545 A.D. they entered in political interactions seriously and played roles in the happening of the events of that era. Although the Turk’s activity has been in military fields, they also have had relations in trade with the nearby lands. With the initial falling of Sasanids the Turks entered in the areas nearer to the south of Transoxiana and arrived in the borders of the great Khorasan. After the entrance of Islam in Iran and after the end of the ages of the conquests the Turks dominated in the areas of the Islamic lands, too and they made relations with the Muslims. Although at first it can be mentioned about the contracts between the Muslims and the Turks at the viewpoint of military, but little by little the other aspects became possible and the Turks dominated a lot in the Islamic lands. This subject is especially worth of investigation about the statesmanship of Umayyad and the things related to them in the eastern area of the Islam and Khorasan and also in the era of the Abbasids in addition to the special policies of this state it takes a special form to itself. It seems that the entrance of the Turks in the Islamic lands has been different in addition to the policy of the this study shows that the British Eastern India Company traded the main Iranian goods such as silk and imported textiles and clothes and some unimportant goods to Iran in cash of good- good way after negotiations with Shah Abbas. With the aim of gaining Iran's market and to earn much more wealth and changing Iran to the center of their under-control market, but due to lack of cash and capital and competition with East India Company Dutch and Armenians, British Eastern India Company couldn't gain its aim.

Nationalism is a sociopolitical ideology and a type of common sense, as well as a foundation for the coexistence of different political and ethnic units. It ensures the idea that all the people in each of these units belong to a strong origin, are of the same ancestors in terms of lingual, religious and regional identity, and enjoy an idealistic and meaningful bond. Nationalism first emerged in the ideas of ideologists such as Rousseau, Montesquieu and other ideologists in the west, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and following the French Revolution. It later emerged in eastern countries such as Egypt, Turkey and Iran as well, influencing various social and cultural fields differently. Historiography and the attitude of historians toward historical events from a nationalist approach and recounting past and present events based on this approach are a topic that, among other reflections of this approach such as literary reflections, has had different impacts on the Iranian society. The impacts of nationalist historiography on culture in contemporary Iran, especially its impacts on historiography and historians and its consequences for other cultural fields, are a challenging topic that has not been studied sufficiently. The current study seeks to examine the parameters and characteristics of nationalist historiography and its impacts on the writing and approach of historians and authors in contemporary Iran.

When Queen Elizabeth on 1600A.D issued the British Eastern India Company, British merchants under this company's control tried to extend their commercial activities toward the East. The ruling merchantilistic policies on this company and India's legendary wealth attracted it toward the Asia's richest land, India. Immediately in order to gain the restricted commercial of East, British Eastern India Company tried to extend its commercial activities to India's neighbors, and Iran because of its potentials and specially its nearness to Persian Gulf was the right choice. As Shah Abbas I was thinking of promoting Iran's merchandise in foreign and international dimensions, he welcomed the entrance of this company's agents in 1615. On that year and a year later he issued the free commercial order and permitted the British Eastern India Company to enter Iran's Markets. With entering of these merchants to Iran and establishing commercial centers especially in Persian Gulf the trades started. The basic aim of the present study in addition to a study of Iran-Britain companies during the reign of Shah Abass, is to answer the following questions: through the reign of Shah Abbas I what kinds of goods British Eastern India Company traded? How did they do their activities? And what was the aim of this company in this relationship? The results of states and the way of their interactions with the Turks. This article is going to analyze and evaluate the process of the entrance of the Turks in the Islamic lands from the age of the conquests to the middles of the Abbasids Era.