Year:2007 | Volume:19 | Issue:3 (73 IN NATURAL RESOURCES)|Papers Count:37

Determination of effective parameters on survivance of Atriplex lentiformis is essential for sustainable development of planted shrub areas. In order to, an experiment was carried out on limited area (4.5 ha) located at kavir-e- Siah koh of Yazd province. The location was planted by mentioned species in 1992. The experiment was conducted in split split plot design with 3 replications. The row spaces were 2, 4, and 6 meters in main plots. The periods of cutting including every one year, every two year, and every three year in sub-plots. In sub-sub plots 5 types of cutting height including 0,20,40,60 cm and control were located. The survivance percentage of Atriplex lentiformis was measured from Autumn 1993 (before cutting) to Autumn 2001.The maximum survival shrub’s densities was observed in 2, 4, 6 row space treatments, respectively. The cutting periods had no significant effects on shrub mortality percentages (p<0.05). Therefore, every one year cutting of Atriplex lentiformis had no negative effect on its survivance. Results indicated that the minimum effect of height cutting was observed in shrubs that had 60 cm height (p<0/05). In conclusion, annual grazing or cutting on mentioned shrubs up to 60 cm height have advantageous effects on growth, vigority and survivance.

Forestry higher education (FHE) established in Iran for training the experts in the field of forestry. Currently, universities, colleges and institutions authorized under the Ministry Science, Research and Technology (MSRT), along with Islamic Azad University and the Jihad -e- Agriculture Ministry are providing the training courses. For identifying the perspectives and attitude of the university professors, field graduates and related administration governance of the forestry higher education a descriptive survay was conducted. 27 professors of Tehran, Mazandaran, Gorgan, Gilan Universities of forestry higher education institutions by interview, 51 administrators practicing in the field, and 121 graduates who are working in the main forest regions (Mazandaran, Tehran, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Hormozgan, and shiraz provinces) in Iran in this survey answered to the questionnaires. The results indicated there is a weak relation between FHE and occupation of graduates. Practical courses and proper curriculum in FHE can have effect on eficiancy and occupation of forestry graduates. Preparing new curriculem and reviewing in forestry existing curriculum in order to changing the system of education according of natural region of Iran can influence the efficiency and ocuupation. Maintenance of laws in occupation of graduates and accepting of local students can improve the rate of occupation for FHE graduates.

The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of apple wood pruning as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing. In order to experimental boards were produced using pure apple wood particles and mixed to poplar particles , mat moisture content varied at 11, 13, and 15 precent and press time at 5 and 6 minutes. Thirty six sample boards (12 treatments) were produced and tested. The results of physical and mechanical properties measurements were as follows: The results demonstrated that modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of boards produced under condition of mixed apple and poplar particles, 15% mat moisture content and 6 minutes of press time were higher than the other treatments. The results showed that increasing of press time had effect on internal bonding (IB) of boards, this trend was significantly higher in boards made of apple wood particles compare to the other boards. The results also indicated that, thickness swelling (T.S) after 2 and 24 hours water soaking were affected by raw materials, and boards produced of apple wood particles had lower T.S than boards made of mixed wood apple and poplar particles. With regard to the physical and mechanical properties of boards, achieved the utilization of apple wood pruning residues could be recommended as a suitable lignocellulosic source in form of pure or mixed with poplar wood in particleboard industries.

Structural elements such as, faults, joints, folds and bedding patterns play an important role in the karstification and development of karst water resource. In this research emphasis is given to investigating whether structural elements and topographic factors, mapped using remote sensing, aerial photo interpretation and derived from the geologic map can be correlated with hydrologic phenomena. With this assumption, various types of thematic layers have been prepared and integrated in a GIS environment due to the good correlation between above mentioned factors and hydrologic phenomena it was concluded that tectonic elements have a positive influence on the groundwater occurrence and they act as transmission routs in the limestone bodies.

Current research focuses on the mechanisms of salt tolerance in Atriplex verrucifera. This species is native to Iran, and could be used as forage for livestocks. Plants were grown in 20 cm diameter pots in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2°c, and a 16 hour photoperiod. To determine salinity tolerance in growth phase, plants were exposed to 0 (control), 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 4 replications and 5 treatments To prevent osmotic shock the treatments were done gradually. After 21 days of last salinity treatment, the plants were harvested. Result showed that in Atriplex verrucifera, treatments from 100 to 200 mM NaCl increased fresh and dry mass, relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE) of Atriplex verrucifera increased at 100 to 200 mM NaCl salinity condition compared to the control, but they significantly decreased at high concentration of NaCl. Optimal fresh and dry mass production occurred at a salinity of 200 mM NaCl. The mechanisms of salt tolerance in the plant may be balance among ion accumulation, production of glycinebetaine, proline, soluble sugars and salt excertion for maintenance of pressure potential.

Effects of rotational and continious grazing systems with four grazing intensities of heavy , medium , light and no grazing on soil moisture content, investigated in Bromus tomentellus pasture in Homand e abesard Station which located in 70 kilometer east of Tehran during Spring and Summer 2001. The grazing intensities and the grazing systems were analysed by a factorial – split plot in time design. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two grazing systems in heavy and light intensities. But the soil moisture of grazing intensities were higher than the control (no grazing treatment), and it was more when the grazing intensities were increased. Heavy grazing in rotational system and light grazing in continious system conserved more moisture than other treatments at the end of grazing season.

Atriplex lentiformis was planted in the Kavir-e-Siah kooh of Yazd province in 1992 and was utilized by deferent methods until 2001. The planted and utilized map was arranged in split-split plot design with 3 replications. The row spaces were 2,4 and 6 meters in main plots. The periods of cutting including every one year, every two year and every three year were in sub-plots. In sub-sub plots 5 types of cutting height including 0, 20, 40, 60 cm and control were located. Utilizable forage of 3 randomized survival shrub in every treatments were sampled on Autumn 2001, and the forage quality parameters including, metabolism energy, crude protein, calcium and phosphorous were measured. The results showed that row spaces, cutting periods and cutting heights usually had no significant effects on the forage quality (p<0.05). The most produced forage treatment that was recommended in previous studies (2meters row space and 60cm height in every year cutting) had the first level of quality. The mentioned forage contains: 6.84 Mj/kg metabolism energy, 7.37% crude protein, 1.37% calcium and 12% phosphorous.

Wind is a main factor of the soil erosion in arid regions. Due to limitation of vegetation in this region it can affect on the soil grains and transports them. Wind erosion is one of the most important processes، that it is used on the different desertification models. FAO/UNEP and ICD were the best current methods that they have analyzed. Then, the effective indices and sub factors of wind erosion criterion and its human and physical factors were identified, and then were selected the most suitable of them. The numerical value of them was considered as a desertification intensity class of wind erosion in the study area. In order to, the study area divided into 17 geomorphologic facieses (Work units) on the base of geomorphologic studies, and then all of the assessment was carried out in these work units (except, No.17). The results show that، total study is under average class of desertification as the result of wind erosion.

Physical and chemical factors were studied in Anzali wetland and it`s 19 inlet and 2 outlet rivers during four seasons of 1381.Results of this investigation showed that concenteration of Carbonat (CaCo3--) , Free Co2 and Sodium ( Na) in Anzaly Wetland were higher than inlet and outlet rivers. Measured factors of turbidity , acidity , total Co2 , Ortho phosphate(Po4), O2 , NH4 , No2 , No3 ,Total feacal coliform of water and total feacal coliform of human of inlet rivers were more than Anzali wetland and outlet rivers. In comparison with Anzali wetland and inlet rivers higher amounts of conductivity , TSS , TDS , total alcalinity , Phenole alcalinity , HCo3- ,total hardness , Ca , Mg , Cl , K , So4++ , total phosphat , BOD and COD in outlet rivers were considerable during this work . Lower rates of chemical and physical factors into Anzali wetland was interested due to ecological and biological situations of macrophytes and animals and their roles in control of these factors.

The saxaul forage in planted forests of desert areas is usable for animal. So, it is important to determinate their forage quality. In fact, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different plant spacing and cutting levels on them. The study was carried out in obviously wilted planted saxaul forest that is located in Ashkezar desert region of Yazd province. Experiment was conducted in split-plot design with main-plots that had 250 and 125 shrubs per hectare and sub-plots were 3 types of cutting 10, 35 and 70 centimeter above ground surface and with control (no cutting). Cutting was done on Autumn 1994. The studied filed was protected and forage quality of marked shrubs were analyzed on Autumn 2000. The results showed that plant spacing and cutting levels treatments has no significant effects on saxaul forage quality (p  0.05). The product forage on 35- centimeter cutting height that is desirable method contains: 7.47 Mj/Kg metabolism energy, 13.14 % crude protein and mineral matters Ca, P and Na, 2.106%, 0.098% and 7.15% respectively.

The quantitative and qualitative of nutritional values of rangeland species are not the same in different locations and times. The purpose of this study is to compare nine important nutritional values (Dry Matter, Digestible Energy, Metabolism Energy, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Ether Extract, Crude Ash, Total Digestible Nutrient, Neutral Detergent Fiber) at three phonology stages (before flowering, flowering and seed yielding) on five leguminous species (Trifolium pratens, Trifolium repens Melilotus officinalis, Medicago sativa, Onobrychis sativa) and also six important grassland species (Dactylis glomerata, Hordeum bolbusum, Poa bulbosa, Hordeum violaceum, Alopecurus arundinaceus poir, Alopecrus textiles Boiss). The mean values were compared by using Dunkan Test. The results of this study were showed that the amounts of crude protein, Metabolism Energy and Total Digestible Energy were decreased with increasing growing season but NDF was increased. The crude protein was highest percentage in Trifolium repens and lowest percentage in Dactylis glomerata.

In order to study the effect of different levels of zeolite and water stress on growth, development and essential oils content of moldavian balm a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse with 12 factorial treatments and three replicates. Four level of zeolit (zero, 20, 25 30gr/12kg soil) and three levels of water stress(saturated irrigation after 50, 60, 70 % of soil water losses) applied during the plant growth. Fresh and dry herb yield, leaf area/plant, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of internodes and essential oils contents were measured. The results showed that zeolit application had not a significant effect on dry herb yield and number of internodes but had a significant effect on all other measured traits. There were not a significant effect of water stress on leaf area/plant,number of leaves, number of flowers and number of internodes but it was significant on fresh and dry herb and essential oils contents. There was not an interaction between zeolit and water stress on fresh and dry herb yields, number of flowers and internodes but the interaction between zeolit and water stress was significant on leaf area/plant, number of leaves and essential oils contents. It concluded that medium level of zeolit (2gr/kg soil) with the lowest level of water stress (saturated irrigation after 50 % water losses) recommended for herb and essential oil production of moldavian balm.

There are 1700,000 hectare rangeland in Ilam province that they can produce about 236000 ton hay and there are not any information about quality and quantity of the minerals. This research carried out for 3 years in order to study minerals status of range plant of Ilam province. Samples were taken from 31 areas along grazing season for 4 time. In each area 3 range were chosen randomly and samples after drying in room were mixed, consequently 124 samples analyzed for minerals. The results showed that average of ash, Ca, P, Mg and K in dry matter basis for first, second, third and forth cuts were 13.26, 1.15, 0.27, 0.31, 1.47 and 10.80, 1.09, 0.26, 0.30, 0.45 and 8.51, 0.99, 0.25, 0.29, 1.41 and 8.39, 0.91, 0.24, 0.27, 1.35 percent and average Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn for first, second, third and forth cuts were 281.95, 45.61, 9.47, 29.67 and 289.25, 45.16, 9.24, 28.54 and 275.69, 44.27, 9.09, 27.88 and 262.44, 43.42, 9.12, 28.15 mg/kg respectively. The stages of sampling had significant effects (p<0.01) on ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, and Fe and that have not significant effect (p<0.01) on Mn, Cu and Zn. There were significant differences (p<0.01) between 3 years for all minerals exception Mn an Zn. Average of Ca, Mg and Cu were higher than the requirments of ruminants.

The aim of this research was to study the relationships between soil characteristics and vegetation in 14 range sites of Qom province. After selection of the indicator vegetation types, sampling of soil and vegetation were performed with randomized-systematic method. Considering variation of vegetation and species types, size and number of plots were determined. Vegetation data including floristic list and cover percentage were estimated quantitatively in each plot. Soil samples were taken at depth of 0-60 cm (rooting depth) in each plot. The measured soil variables included texture, lime, acidity (pH), ECe and organic matter (OM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to soil characteristics such as texture, salinity, and lime.

Prosopis spicigra L. of leguminosae family is a multipurpose species which is present in southern region of Iran and extends along the Persian Gulf shore, and Oman sea. To study the main characteristics of mesquite wood (Prosopis spicigera L.), samples from Abadan and Dezful (Khuzistan province) were used. The anatomical characteristics of wood were recorded according to IAWA microscopic features for hardwood (1989).The data in the form of codes were attached to identification key program (Pajouheshgar –1) of the wood anatomy laboratory. We measured fiber dimensions and specific gravity of heartwood and sapwood individually. According to the results the maximum and minimum length of mesquite wood’s fibers are in the range of 0.43 and 1.28 mm, and the average is 0.48 mm.In this region, the mean of fiber width, lumen diameter and wall thickness were; 16, 3.8, and 6 micrometers respectively.

Accelerated erosion and sediment yield are effected by two groups of variable and invariable in time within a watershed. These variables contribute in occurrence of erosion and sediment production based on the existing environmental condition of a watershed. The results of studies on factors affecting erosion and sediment yield in watershed have showed that in most of watersheds, land use as a variable factor in time has more role and effect than the others. With this in mind, in order to assist the role of land use change in amount of erosion and sediment production the Taleghan watershed was selected as a study area. Using aerial photograph (e.g. 1970, 1987) and satellite image (e.g. 2001) interpretation along with field control present land use map of the area is prepared. Simultaneously, the amount of suspended load based on the observed data in three periods including 1970-1971, 1971-1987 and 1987-2001 were analyzed and calculated. then compression between estimated amount of erosion and sediment production by EPM (Erosion Potential Model), with the amount of the observed sediment production was made and related to land use change between three mentioned time periods. Results of this study show that apart from the occurrence of drought and wet years in the study area, land use change from rainfed agriculture to rangeland and vice versa are highly effects erosion and sediment rates in a watershed (decrease due to conversion of dry farms to rangelands and increased due to conversion of rangelands to dry farms). Thus it can be concluded that proper land use management can highlybe effect control of erosion and sediment yield in watershed areas.

Astragalus from family of fabaceae grows extensively in ranglands and mountainous region Iran. Cytogenetic studies are very important for plant improvement. In order to morphology of chromosomes in three species of Astargalus (A. aznabjurtieus, A. cancellatus and A. elegans) microscopic sample was prepared and studied, using their root meristem after fixation, hydrolysis and staining stages. The results showed that all the species were 2n=4X=32. Measurment different traits of karyotype (L, S, L+S, L/S,  S(L+S), S%, TF%, DRL, VRC, A1, A2) showed that the longest chromosome and genom and the shortest chromosome and genom in A.elegans and A. cancellatus species, respectively, A. elegans has more symmetric and is new species, with least A1 and most percent TF and S and formula karyotype related to two other species.

Rangeland exclusion to livestock is one of the management methods for range management as well as watershed management that are applied for range rehabilitation and improvement. This management is used for increase in vegetation cover in watershed area that leads to increase in amount of land cover and consequently, causing stabilization of soil, reduction of soil loss rate and sediment yield. In order to determine quantitative effect of rangeland exclusion to livestock on reduction of rainfall loss in terms of surface run-off, soil loss (i.e. soil erosion) and sediment yield, The five years excluded rangeland on Raeis-Ali Dam watershed locating in Dastestan Districk of Boshehr Province – Iran, was selected as the study area and amount of vegetation cover, surface run-off depth and amount of sediment yield were studied. The needed data were collected of homogenous units both in the excluded rangeland as a treated area and in the no tread rangeland as a control area. Explanatory and statistical methods were applied to analyze data (i.e. t- student test and correlation analyses between depth of surface run-off and amount of sediment yield with vegetation cover changes). Results of the study are shown that there is significant deference between vegetation cover density in excluded rangeland and control rangeland. Negative correlation between amount of vegetation cover and depth of run-off sediment yield rate (r = 0.92 and r = 0.84 respectively,  a= 0.01) indicates that there is a significant relationship between exclusion of rangelands with decrease in soil loss and sediment yield rate as well as surface run-off loss on rangelands. Thus, it can be concluded that rangeland exclusion to livestock is a simple and low cost management program for rehabilitation and improvement of rangelands if and only if socio-economic problems could be resolve properly. Therefore, this management method can be considered as a workable method for solving soil erosion and sediment yield problems and achieving to the goals and objectives of soil conservation and watershed management program.

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of N, P and manure fertilizers on growth of Acer velutinum in Shahrposht and Koloudeh nurseries (Chalus and Amol City).The seedlings were fertilized with Ammonium Sulfate, Triple Superphosphate and manure. The leveles of nitrogen applied were 0, 40 and 80 Kg/ha, the leveles of phosphat were 80 and 120 Kg/ha and the leveles of manure were 0 and 30 ton/ha. Data were collected from height and diameter of 15 seedlings and root measurment was done for three samples as well. Statistical Design of Factorial in Complete randomised blocks (CRB) with three replicates were used in each nursery. The basal- area of seedlings in Shahrposht nursery was significantly improved by nitrogen fertilizers. Seedling growth in Koloudeh nursery was improved significantly by manure fertilizers. Results clearly show difference between Kolodeh and Shahrposht nurseries in response to fertilizers.

Eucalyptus trees are fast-growing trees and some of species are tolerance to un-favorite conditions. Seedling production is a pre-condition for agroforestry in suitable regions of Iran. Micropropagation is a useful tool for asexaul production. Conventional micropropagation is an expensive method, because of high rate contamination and death of plantlets during transferring to soil and using high amount of biochemical plant growth regulaturs. Semiphotoautotrophic system is used because of omitting sucrose in the media, using exogenesis growth regulators in low amount or not using at all, and better rooting and shooting of plantlets. So this system decrease the expenses of in vitro plantlets production. This work, was studied the effects of G7 and B.F.J with and without filtered cap. Growth indicators,i.e. root fresh yield, root dry yield, shoot fresh yield, shoot dry yield, leaf surface, leaf number, root length, shoot length, and shoot number, of three difference species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. melliodora and E. micrpcarpa were survayed in semiphotoautotrophic conditions. The G7 filtered cap vessels were better than the other for growth indicators which were studied. The range of survival for transferring seedling to soil was 100% for E. melliodora and E. micrpcarpa species and 65% for E. camaldulensis. Semiphotautotrophic not only reduce the micropropagation costs, but also improve the growth indicators. However, its problems, i.e. surface and internal contamination of explants, phenolic components release and etc. should be considered in semephotoautotrophic micropropagation system.

Atriplex canescens is a shrub and un-native plant in Iran that is used for rehabilitation of destroyed ranges. In one of the pastures of eastern part of Birjand area, sampling was done using three treatments with some replications taken from underneath of the plant, between plants and a control area. The soil analyses and statistical analysis showed that factors like EC, humus% and Mg++, Ca++ , Na+ and K+ Ions of underneath treatment was significantly different than two other treatments. The values of these factors for between plants treatments were increased, but these differences were not significant. The observation clearly showed that these resulted in changes in underneath soil condition from normal to saline and sodic. The results indicate that after the death of planted atriplex it would be difficult to rehabilitate the area.

In area with miger amount of rainfall, collection and storage of rainwater into the soil profile using small scale rainwater catchment systems can tend to supply some amount of water needed for plant production. But the important point in regard to building such systems in determining size and / or catchment area in such a way that the needed or expected water could be collected and stored. As in many cases required knowledge on runoff coefficient in relation to soil type, slope steepness, vegetation cover density and amount of evaporation are lacking it therefore, seems that calculation of depth and volume of runoff can not be an easy task. The AWBM is a model with capability of runoff simulation that appears to be a proper model for estimation of runoff for small scale rainwater catchment design in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to evaluate applicability of the AWBM in estimating resultant runoff and rainfall through consideration of different land slope and vegetation cover density, 20 experimental plots constructed on three slope classes of land with three different vegetation cover density classes in Lasgarak region located in north of Tehran city, having semi-arid climatic condition. Depth of resultant runoff each rainfall event was measured into the constructed counter bank at the toe of each plot. Runoff depth also estimated by running Area Water Balance Model (AWBM) which is capable to simulate rainfall – runoff, using 8 different catchment area size, 3 slope classes and 3 vegetation covery density classes on the 5 soil textures. Then, depth of runoff was estimated by considering the rate of infiltration for each plot. Finally, estimated depth and calculated amount of runoff were capered with the measured depth and amount of runoff by using variance analysis test. Result of the study is shown that there is not good fitness between estimated monthly runoff using AWBM in comparison to the measured one, While AWBM has a good capability for estimating annual runoff in small scale catchments in terms of rainwater catchment systems is called micro – catchments. Thus, the use of AWBM can be recommened for calculation of micro – catchment area and / or size and dimension.

Growth of two 38-year-old non-native man-made stands including pure Norway spruce and mixed Norway spruce-black pine, established in Kelardasht region (north of Iran), were compared. For this purpose, randomized-systematic sampling was used to measure trees within circular plots of 1000 m² on grid lines of 20 m * 50 m. In each plot, diameter at breast height (d.b.h), total height, and height at middle d.b.h. (Pressler height) of trees were measurement. Average increments of d.b.h., height, basal area and standing volume of the stand indicator tree were calculated for both species. Slenderness index (defined as stand stability), basal area, standing volume and average annual increments of basal area and standing volume were determined for pure stand and mixed stand. In this investigation, firstly the quantitative characteristics of Norway spruce were compared in pure stand and mixed stand, then quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two stands evaluated. The results revealed that no significant difference of growth parameters was found in Norway spruces grown in pure stand and mixed stand. Nevertheless standing volume of two stands was equal but basal area and stability were greater in mixed Norway spruce-black pine stand than in pure Norway spruce stand.

In this research the effect of irregular wave’s overtopping at the reshaping rubble – mound breakwaters were investigated. Reshaping breakwater is a kind of new breakwaters, which its initial profile is changed to a (S) shaped one after impacting of waves. Therefore, the relations related to overtopping on conventional breakwaters cannot be used for this type of structure. Method of research was based on Experimental modeling. Experiments were done for multiple cross sections of reshaping breakwaters with three different slopes in the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI) wave Flume, during 2003 to 2004.The wave flume equipped with a modern DHI wave generation system, which contains paddle, power pack, hardware and software divisions. The hydraulic response that mentioned above, were investigated by changing the wave parameters such as significant wave height, mean and peak wave period and storm duration on the natural repose of materials, equal to 1:1.25. JONSWAP wave spectrum was used in all experiments. The Armored layer materials were included in one grading class (Dn85A/Dn15A= 1.82). In order to changing wave properties, 50 tests were done with 500 to 3000 waves in this research. A small tank was installed behind of the model to measuring the volume of wave overtopping in each experiment. Results of this research were shown as non-dimensional design charts and graphs and new prediction relation. The experimental results were plotted as graphs showing the mean discharge versus the efficient parameters. An improved and new fit to data can be achieved using simple linear regression which results in some new empirical equations which has been presented in this research.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of provenance variation on early growth and biomass of Caucasian maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.) seedling. The seeds were collected from four different seed sources, altitudes of 400, 1000, 1600 and 2200 m a.s.l. in forests of Sari region (north of Iran). Seeds were sown at a randomized completely block design (with three replicates) in the Ourimelk nursery (h = 1600 m). The results of the first growing period displayed that stem length, stem biomass, leaf biomass and total biomass of seedlings, produced from different altitudes seeds, were significantly different, whereas these terms were bigger in lower elevations (400 and 1000 m). Root length and root biomass of seedlings were not statistically different. The general results of this examination suggest that in order to obtain the greater aboveground biomass of Caucasian maple seedling in Ourimelk nursery, it is better to use the seeds of middle elevations (1000 m) in years that seed production of the local forest (1600 m a.s.l.) is inadequate.

Smyrnium cordifolium belongs to Umbelliferae family that grows in west and southwest of Iran and has nutritive and medicinal uses in these of those regions.The plant materials were collected from Alshtar in North of Lorestan province at three developmental stages including preflowering, flowering, ripened fruits and were investigated for quantitative and qualitative changes of their essential oils. Yields of essential oil were .03% ,0.4% and 0.7% w/w in these different developmental stages respectively. The highest amount of essential oil was related to ripined fruits and the least amount to preflowering stage. The oils were injected to GC and GC/MS for identification of constituents. The identified components of the oils of different stages showed differences and similarities from quantitative and qualitative points of view. In the essential oil of different stages two oxygenated sesquiterpenes curzerene and curzerenone, were the main constituents. germacrene-D, isopimarol and phyllocladanol were also found in considerable amounts in all samples.