Journal of Applied Research in Chemistry
Year:2014 | Volume:8 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was studied on Ni-P modified graphite in 1M NaOH solution. For this purpose, the cyclic voltammetry technique was employed. Electroless deposition technique was adopted for the preparation of these catalysts. SEM and XRD images show that the nanoparticles are pure Ni and P atoms and there are no impurities. The phosphor coating improves the corrosion resistance of the electrode and increases of its hardness. The Ni-P modified graphite catalyzed methanol oxidation in alkaline medium via Ni3+ species. The dependence of the oxidation current on methanol concentration was discussed. It Was observed that with increasing of concentration of methanol, oxidation current peak also increases linearly. The dependence of the methanol oxidation current density on scan rate and square root of the scan rate was discussed.

In the present study, zinc and cadmium oxides nanoparticles were prepared by simple method including polyethylene glycol as template. The obtained nano materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical absorption measurement, and FTIR spectroscopy. The ZnO nanorods with length about 170 nm and CdO nanoparticles and nanowires with 25 nm and 79 nm, respectively are obtained. Then the synthesized ZnO and CdO nanoparticles were used in condensation reaction for preparing beta acetamido ketones as catalyst with 80% and 70% yield, respectively.

In this study, the effect of size and dielectric environment surrounding of Au and Ag nanoparticles on the wavelength and intensity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak were investigated by using the Mie theory and FDTD software. The absorption peak was observed at about 500, 400 nm in calculated spectra of Au and Ag respectively. A red-shift was observed for SPR peak with increasing of nanoparticles size. Also SPR peak is shifted to longer wavelength with increasing of refractive index surrounding. A linear dependence between refractive index surrounding of nanoparticles and SPR wavelength shift was observed. The maximum slop was observed for particle size of 20 nm. Sensitivity of SPR peak by altering of refractive index for Ag nanoparticles is more than Au nanoparticles. The calculated results are in agreement with experimental results.

Gas hydrates or clathrates are non-stoichiometric complex compounds. At appropriate conditions, due to hydrogen bonding, the water molecules form cage-like structures and if gas molecules enter those cavities, the structures stabilize. Generally the determination of thermodynamic equilibrium formation and dissociation conditions is very time consuming process. In this article, an innovative direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. All of the experiments were performed in a high pressure PARR reactor using distilled water and methane with 97.37 percent purity. In this method, memory effect of the distilled water at each experiment has been removed at 40oC. The equilibrium hydrate formation pressure was determined at desired temperatures. The obtained equilibrium pressures were 598, 651, 727, 909, and 1053 psia at 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10oC, respectively. Repeatability of this method was also investigated. The obtained data are in good agreement with those of reported by Deaton and Frost, predicted by HWU correlation and CSMHYD hydrate software, and to those predicted by Kamath correlation. The average absolute deviations of equilibrium pressure in all experiments were only 7.86 and 5.24 percent when compared to predictions of HWU correlation and CSMHYD software, respectively.

The hybrid of the poly (AM-CO-DADMAC)/Silica were prepared throught physical blending method, which were used with anionic polyacrylamide as a dual flocculant for removal of anionic, cationic and non-ionic dyes. The properties of poly(AM-CO-DADMAC), APAM and poly(AM-CO-DADMAC)/Silica were determined using FT-IR, meanwhile the effects of the silica content, concentration of poly(AM-CO-DADMAC) and initial concentration of any dyes were studied on the flocculation of Brown HT, Basic Red 22 and Rose Bengal with this system.The results indicated that this system can be used as a good flocculant for ionic dye from effeluent and in the case of Basic Red 22, 100% color removal can be obtained.

One fourth of the world people are affected by iron deficiency and are forced to use different compounds of iron. However, the iron consumption in Ferrous supplement form or by adding to the food material for enrichment are creating apparent and organoleptic problems. Therefore, encapsulation method is recommended. The aim of this research is the Ferrous glutamate nanocapsules synthesis by Liposome cover and the study of morphology, size, diameter and stability of the nanocapsules. Hence, Ferrous glutamate was selected because of high absorption in the body, and iron nanocapsules were synthesized with reverse-phase evaporation method (REV). Then particles size and zeta potential by zeta sizer, absorption rate (OD) by furnace atomic absorption and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at 248.3 nm and 630 nm, were examined. In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) apparatus was used for morphology of liposomal nanocapsules and Excel software to determine the standard equations and plot graph. The results showed, liposomal Ferrous glutamate nanocapsules have sizes of 100-400 nm, and in some cases, below 100 nm, spherical form, high stability and zeta potential of -18.4. Also amount of encapsulation efficiency and percentage loading were respectively obtained 93.40% and 7.78%. It should be noted, nanocapsules synthesis by this method will be effective in food and medicine industries to eliminate iron deficiency anemia.

Composite membranes with active layer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol (PEG/PVP) blend with various mass ratios were manufactured on polyether solfune (PES) support layers and were applied in a pervaporative process for removal of thiophene from its mixture with normal heptane. The high-porous PES support membranes were prepared by Leob-Surirajan phase inversion technique, and their porosities were improved by adding hydrophilic additive of PVP to the polymer solution. The manufactured membranes were characterized using swelling test, SEM, and AFM imaging. The novel composite membranes exhibited unique features due to hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl groups of PVP and the hydroxyl groups of PEG as well as between the sections in the PEG structure in the range of 31-41 wt% PEG. The performances of the membranes under various operating conditions such as temperature, thiophene concentration, and PEG content in the active layer were investigated. The results indicates that the PVP/PEG composite membranes have superior performances over previously manufactured membrane for removal of thiophene in terms of enrichment factor and permeate flux. Further studies on PVP/ PEG composite membranes can provide helpful suggestions for pervaporative desulfurization of the refinery products.

Imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor, namely oleic imidazoline, was synthesized by diethylenetriamine and oleic acid. The synthesized corrosion inhibitor was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy methods. Corrosion inhibition of OI for mild steel in CO2 saturated sea water was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Also co-adsorption effect of sodium benzoate and OI was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of CS surface in the absence and presence of additives. The results of these investigations showed that OI at the low concentrations (15 ppm) presented a good performance against CS corrosion in test solution. Addition of SB to OI containing solution showed an enhancement in the corrosion inhibition efficiencies. The EIS results showed an increase in the charge transfer resistant values (Rct) and a decrease in the double layer electrochemical capacitance values (Cdl) when concentration of compounds is increased. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicate that OI acts as anodic inhibitor singly and mixture of it with SB acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of OI corrosion inhibitor on the steel surfaces obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm.