JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION RESEARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN PLANT SCIENCES)
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

For evaluating the effects of liquid organic fertilizer (Ferbanat) on nutrient concentration and dry matter in bean, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. There were three methods of application and different dosage as follow: Seed treatment: 0, 2 and 4 percent (Ferbenat L seed treatment), Soil treatment: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/lit ( Application in stages 3 leaf formation and before flowering stage), Foliar application: 0, 0.5 and 1 percent ( Application in stages 3 leaf formation and before flowering stage). The results indicated that after ferbanat consumption, dry matter and nutrient concentration in bean increased significantly ( P<0.05 ) with respect to control. Soil application was more effective than other treatments in increasing nutrient concentration and dry matter in bean.

To study the effects of end season drought stress on yield and yield components of 20 promising genotypes of Barley, an experiment was conducted in a split plot in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications in agricultural research center of Southern Khorasan during 2008-2009 crop years. Drought stress consisted of 2 irrigation levels (complete irrigation and withholding irrigation at the 50% of heading stage) and 20 Barley genotypes were treatments. The results showed that by using stress susceptibility index (SSI) No. 2, 3, 7, 9, 10 and 15 by using stress tolerant index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) No. 5, 8, 18 and 20, by application mean productivity index (MP) No. 8, 18 and 20 and by using tolerance index (TOL) No. 2, 3, 7, 9, and 10 as the most tolerant genotypes were introduced. Summarized results of correlation between seed yield and stress evaluation indices showed that MP, GMP and STI are the best indices for selection and introducing drought tolerant genotypes among barley genotypes. With review of all indices and given that the best genotypes are individuals with high yield under normal conditions and minimum yield reduction under drought stress, No. 18 and 20 introduced as the most tolerant barley genotypes.

This study was carried out to evaluate drought tolerance of 12 sweet corn hybrids in 2006 at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. Treatments were arranged as a split-plot experiment in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plots included three irrigation levels (Irrigation after 75, 100 and 125 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as normal, mild and high stress conditions respectively) and 12 hybrids (KSC403su, Chase, Esquire, Rival, Reveille, Diva, Shimmer, Shaker, PS107, Golda, Royalty and Rana) were assign as subplots. Irrigation regimes and hybrid effects for all of the traits and their interaction effect for 1000 kernels weight and grain yield were significant (p£0.01). Increasing drought stress from normal irrigation to mild stress and high stress conditions were resulted in decreasing all the traits significantly. The maximum and minimum grain yields were obtained from PS107 and Rival hybrids (8.35 and 4.86 t/ha respectively). This experiment revealed that delay in irrigation more than 75 mm evaporation decreases the yield. It recommended that hybrid PS107 is cultivated where there is enough water for irrigation. In low available irrigation water using of hybrids Rival, Diva and Golda is not recommended.

Wheat (Triticum aestivun L.) is one of the important and strategic products, that has an important role in the people nutritious in the world and any kind of study on this worth full product is unavoidable at present. Therefore, investigations and comparison of some of the phenology and morphology factors of some promising lines and wheat varieties, in the two continuous years, 2007-2009, on fourteen promising lines in comparison to the two cultivated varities, Bahar and Pishtaze in a randomized blocks designed with three repetitions for each. The agronomical factors including: plant heights, spike lengths, days of maturity, days of maturity spike, 1000 seed weight, grain yield were continued up to the complete ripening of the tested promising lines and varieties. The cluster analysis results in wheat promising lines and the varieties and correlation coefficients of phenology and morphological factors were with a very highly significant effect in wheat promising lines and the varieties. That is in agreement with Duncan group analysis in these studies.

In order to investigate the Effect of manuring fertilizer and super absorbent polymers on qualitative and quantative characteristics of soybean under water deficit stress conditions, an experiment were conducted with three replications in form of split factorial based on completely blocks design at field of Islamic Azad university Varamin branch. Treatment were include water deficit stress(Normal irrigation, limited irrigation after poding), manure fertilizer (control, 15  t. ha-1 and 30 t. ha-1) and super absorbent polymers (Control, use of super absorbent 15 kg.ha-1). Irrigation treatment in main plot and manure fertilizer and super absorbent were placed factorialy at sub plot. The results showed that water deficit had significant effect on grain yield, biologic yield and antioxidant enzymes. Triple interaction had significant effect on chlorophyll a and a+b, antioxidant enzymes, membrance stability, grain yield and biologic yield. Under water deficit irrigation all plant characteristics decreased in comparison with normal irrigation condition. All physiologic characteristics of plant decreased under water deficit irrigation but biochemical characteristics increased .The results showed that water stress significantly decreased seed yield and membrance stability while increased antioxidant enzyme activity. By contrast, super absorbent and cattle manure application had positive effect on seed yield and improve of membrance stability. These results indicated that super absorbent and cattle manure application (30 t.ha-1) increased seed yield when plants were irrigated completely. It is interesting to remark that super absorbent polymers application was more effective under stress conditions than normal irrigation condition. In general, we concluded that super absorbent and manure application can ameliorate growth conditions for soybean plants growth under water deficit stress.

In order to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen (N) on grain yield (GY) and the pattern of assimilate redistribution (AR) to grain in durum and bread wheat genotypes, a field experiment was conducted in Ahvaz conditions. The experimental site had a moderate winter and dry, hot summer. The experiment was coducted as split-plot in the basis of randomized completely blocks design with three replications. The N application amounts were (50, 100 and 150 Kg.ha-1) assigned in the main-plots. Sub-plots consisted of six bread and durum wheat genotypes. The results indicated that the effect of genotypes and N treatments on GY, AR, current photosynthesis (CP) and flag leaf area index (FLAI) was significant. The highest AR was belonged to Star genotype and 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application and the lowest was in D-84-5 and 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen consumption. The highest CP was in D-84-5 when 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen was used. The highest GY was in Chamran cv. Under 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application, the lowest GY was belonged to Vree/Nak under 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen treatment. The results also showed that the highest and lowest FLAI were in 150 and 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen, respectively. The effect of genotypes on dry matter (DM) at anthesis stage was significant. Karkhe and D-84-5 genotypes had the highest and lowest DM respectively. There was positive and significant correlation between GY, AR, DM and FLAI. It seems that, under Ahvaz conditions, using 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen for Chamran cultivar is advisable.

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen stress and cycocel application on lodging related characteristics and grain yield in rice, an experiment was carried out in split plots on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Mazandaran province in 2010. Main plots were nitrogen stress at four stages including {at start of transplanting (Based nitrogen stress), at start of tillering, at initial panicle and at complete panicle stage} and sub plots were rates of cycocel application in three levels including (0, 1.5 and 3 Liter CCC ha-1). The Results showed that only fourth internode length was significant (p£0.05) at interaction of nitrogen stress´cycocel. The lowest stem length, plant height, fourth internode bending moment, as well as most of the panicle length, flag leaf length, hemicellulose as grain yield (6063 kg.ha-1) were obtained in nitrogen stress at start of tillering stage. Minimum of the panicle length, flag leaf length, hemicelluloses and grain yield (4350 kg. ha-1) were produced in nitrogen stress at complete panicle stage. With cycocel application (3 L. ha-1) in comparison non application stem length, panicle length, plant height, flag leaf length, third and fourth internode length and third internode bending moment was decreased in ratio 9, 22.2, 7.2, 24.7, 11.1 and 15.8 percentage, respectively, as well as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin increased in ratio7.6, 34.5 and 26.3 percentage, alternatively. Therefore, complete panicle stage was sensitive to nitrogen deficit and 3 L. ha-1 cycocel application introduced as best treatment.

The purpose of present research was to study the interaction effect of irrigation times and nitrogen fertilizer on leaf appearance ratio and yield in Pishkam millet cultivar. This research was done at Islamic Azad University farm, Arak Branch in spring and summer of 2011 using strip plot design experiment in the basis of randomize completely blocks design in three repetitions. The examinal treatments were nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (50, 200, 350 and 450 kg/ha urea) in main plots and irrigation intervals in five levels {Irrigation in establishment stage (I1), Irrigation in establishment+stem elongation (I2), Irrigation in establishment+stem elongation+early spike formation stage (I3), Irrigation Irrigation in establishment+stem elongation+early spike formation+flowering(I4) and irrigation in establishment+stem elongation+early spike formation+flowering+grain filling stages (I5)} as sub factor. The results showed that the effect of nitrogen on forage yield was significant. The effect of nitrogen application on leaf numbers 70 and 80 days after planting was significant. There wasn't a significant effect of nitrogen on first and second internude distance, 38, 48 and 55 days after cultivation, but after 60 days of planting time there were observed significant difference. The highest dry forage yield (31 t/ha) was associated with N3I1 treatment.