VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (24)|Papers Count:8

Cisplatin used in chemotherapy can have side effect on spermatogenesis. As it is known Gonadotropine hormones (LH, FSH) affect spermatogenesis. It seems by suppressing secretion of LH and FSH during chemotherapy, spermatogenesis could stop which could result in protection of the cells from cisplatin side effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive effect of cetrorelix (GnRH antagonist) on spermatogenic defect produced by Cisplatin. In the present study thirty adult male mice aging 6-8 weeks were divided into 3 groups as: Control, Experimental 1 and Experimental 2. Experimental 1 received Cisplatin for 5 days as 2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally and Experimental 2 received 0.25 mg/kg cetrorelix (GnRH antagonist) one week before cisplatin treatment and continued for 3 weeks. After 35 days from last injection, testicular specimens were removed and prepared for light and electron microscopic study. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (Tukey) in all 3 groups. Histological results showed that nucleus of spermatogonia cells were more condensed and diameter of seminiferous tubules were reduced, in the group which received cisplatin in comparison with the control group. Histochemical studies showed an increase of apoptotic cells in the group which received cisplatin. Electron microscopy showed that in Experimental 1 group basment membrane was morphologically irregular and wavey and Myoid cells were thickened and contracted, but in Experimental 2 group the condition was similar to the control group. These results showed that injection of cetrorelix with cisplatin can protect spermatogenic cells against the side effects of cisplatin.

Bovine immunodeficiency virus is a Lentivirus from the large family of retroviridae. Different opinions have been submitted about the possibility of varieties of infectious complications due to Bovine immunodeficiency virus and induced losses to dairy industry. Considering the worldwide distribution of the BIV infection in cattle herds and correlation of the infection with different kinds of clinical disorders and consequent severe economic losses to dairy cattle industry and the fact that only few surveys about the status of the BIV infection have been performed in Iran as well as the probability of increasing infection rate with aging and therefore increasing the culling rate, this study was done to identify the BIV infection rate in aged Holstein cattle and evaluation of their associated clinical disorders in some dairy herds around Tabriz. In this study which was performed in some industrial or traditional especially the small dairy farms around Tabriz, 50 Holstein dairy cattle with the age of higher than 6 years old were selected and their clinical characteristics recorded. Blood samples were taken to detect BIV genome. According to the results of the Nested-PCR method in this study, 2% (1.50) of the aged cattle were infected with BIV. There wasn’t any significant correlation between BIV infection rate and age. Also there weren’t any significant correlations between BIV infection rate and BCS, milk production rate, any clinical problems, enlarged lymph nodes and haemal nodes. The results showed that the BIV infection rate among the aged cattle was relatively low and in contrast to some other studies, aging does not affect the sensitivity to infection. Decreasing the population in the livestock units and farms, could be helpful in prevention and control of BIV infection in cattle.

Free radicals are involved in molecular changes and mutation and if they are not inactivated the resultant lipid peroxidation will damage all types of cellular macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Natural diet containing antioxidants plays an important role in health, reproduction, performance, safety and growth in poultry. Garlic extract with a high antioxidant effect very useful against free radicals and infective agents. In this study, the effect of concentration of 0.01 and 0.02% of garlic extract in drinking water with periods of 2, 4 and 6 days a week were evaluated on lipid peroxidation. In addition to assessing the best concentration, economic aspects were also considered. So at the end of the third week, the best effect on reducing lipid peroxidation was seen in T3 which had received the concentration of 0.02% of garlic extract, two days a week. After six weeks of trial, Group T7 which had received the concentration of 0.02% garlic extract for 6 days a week, showed the best effect on reducing lipid peroxidation. Our studies also showed that garlic extract improved mass production in all groups compared to the control group. Considering the amount of lipid peroxidation at the end of the sixth week, herd performance in six weeks and calculating the average sale price of mass production, minus the cost of feed consumed per group, it is concluded that group T4 which received garlic extract concentration of 0.01% for 4 days a week (Saturday, Monday, Wednesday, Thursday) showed the best option in view of the economic conditions.

In order to investigate the biochemical changes in serum of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes, biochemical elements such as calcium, phosphorus, Magnesium, Alkaline phosphates, Total protein, Albumin, Alpha globulins, Beta globulins and Gama globulins were measured and compared with those of the control animals. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple rouge test. Statistically significant differences were observed in calcium and phosphorus of serum between infested and control groups (p<0.05). Total protein and Albumin were significantly lower in the infested group (p<0.5) and Alpha globulins were significantly higher in this group (p<0.005).Hence infestation to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep causes distinct of changes in serum parameters.

This study was conducted on horses to investigate the effect of strangles on cardiac troponin fluctuations and activity of some serum enzymes. The research was done on 30 horses with strangles and 29 normal horses. Sick horses were confirmed on the basis of clinical and laboratory signs (culture of nasal and lymph nodes discharges for Streptococcus equi). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. The serum activity of cardiac troponin was measured by ELISA kit and gama gluthamil transferase (GGT), alanine amino tramsferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by biochemical kits. The mean heart rate increased significantly (p<0.05) in horses with strangles. The mean cardiac troponin also increased significantly (p=0.001). Serum activity of GGT, CK, ALP and ALT enzymes were increased significantly (p=0.41, p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively) in horses with strangles. In conclusion, serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and GGT, CK, ALP and ALT enzymes increase after strangles in the horse.

The use of food additives to boost the immune system of broiler chickens is a new froutier for scientists. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted to study the effects of the yeast beta-glucan on respiratory burst potential (nitro-blue tetrazolium test) of heterophils as an indicator of innate immunity in broiler chickens. This was done by using 162 one-day old broilers. Experimental factors were as following: beta-glucan levels (levels of 0, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet) and sex (male and female broilers). At the end of the study blood sample were taken from each replicate of every treatment and nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test performed. The results showed that beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet significantly increased nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test of heterophils (p<0.05). The mean value of respiratory burst was also significantly higher in males compared to females (p<0.05). But, the interaction between two mentioned factors (beta-glucan and sex) was not statistically significant. Thus, considering the respiratory burst index, beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet may improve innate immunity of broiler chickens.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and Selenium injection on serumic levels of albumin, protein, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphates, alaninamonitransferas and aspartataminotransferas in the Arabian stallions. In this study 12 Arabian horses were selected in 2 groups of 4 and 5 years old. In each group, horses were allocated to two sub groups of controls and treatment, each of them containing three animals. In the treatment group, 1cc/30 kg vitamin E and selenium was injected intramuscularly in 2 day intervals for 6 days, while in the control group the same amounts of normal saline (0.9%) was injected. Blood samples of all animals were collected from the jugular vein at days 2, 4 and 6 and their sera were harvested by centrifuging and the levels of the parameters were measured using commercial kits and the spectrophotometric method. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference on mean serumic albumin, phosphorous, alkaline phosphates, alaninamonitransferas, and spartataminotransferas in the studied animals while mean serumic protein values of 4 year old horses indicated a significant difference following the third vit E – Selenium injection (p<0.05). The levels of calcium showed a significant difference following the second injection in 4 and 5 years old horses (p<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that vit E – Selenium injection could be beneficial for horses without having any side effects on the liver and kidney but alterations of other biochemical and hematologic parameters should also be investigated.

Cryptosporidia are protozoan parasites that have worldwide distribution and can cause diarrhea and mal-absorption in young horses. Sometimes, it can cause illness in neonatal foals, too. In present study, the frequency of equine Cryptosporidiosis in Ahvaz was investigated. The samples were taken from 100 horses during spring and summer 2009. The ages of horses were from 1 month to 27 years old. Fecal samples were stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Results were analyzed with Chi-square Test and Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that the rate of infection to Cryptosporidium was 18%. There was no significant correlation between infection to Cryptosporidium and sex, age and fecal thickness. The rate of infection to Cryptosporidium in studied horses is very similar to studies done in other countries.