VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 (35)|Papers Count:8

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes bovine enzootic leukemia (EBL). The routine method for the diagnosis of the infection is antibody screening tests. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA are widely used for detection of the antibody against BLV. Amplification and detection of the proviral DNA by PCR is a powerful method for direct detection of the infection. However there are some limitations for routine use of this method in laboratory diagnosis of the disease and it requires further investigations. The objective of this study was to compare the results of a PCR assay with a commercial ELISA in detection of the bovine leukemia provirus and antibodies to this agent, in blood samples of dairy cows. The ELISA was assumed as reference test and the relative sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay was calculated by testing samples from 173 cows in suburb of Tabriz. Blood sample were taken and taken sera and DNA contents were harvested. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay in caparison to commercial ELISA were 100% and 98.6% respectively. The frequency of the presence of the targeted part of gag gene in PCR was 13.3% and the frequency of the seropositive reaction by commercial ELISA was 12.1%. The results showed that it is possible to use PCR as a laboratory diagnostic method for identification of the disease.

Thyme is a herb with effects on the respiratory system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of thyme essence on trachea, humoral immunity, and the performance of broilers following LaSota vaccination. In this study, 300 Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups of 100 chicken. The first group received 50 ppm thyme essence 2 days prior to and after LaSota vaccination. In the second group only LaSota vaccine was used, and in the third group B1 vaccine was used to compare its severity to the LaSota vaccine. Finally at the end of production period (42 days) samples were taken from trachea for histopathology and also titer of Newcastle vaccine and the performance of chicks were investigated. Results of this study showed that thyme essence decreased histopathologic changes due to vaccination reaction in the trachea. Histopathologic alteration was not observed in B1 vaccination group. In view of feed conversion ratio, feed consumption and final body weight in thyme group there was significant improvement in comparison to LaSota group (p<0.05). But use of thyme essence did not have any effect on titer of LaSota vaccine, although mean antibody titer in B1 vaccine group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.05). Based on the results of our study, thyme essence improved the performance of broiler chicks and decreased hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema of the trachea due to LaSota vaccine reaction.

During one month carcasses of 323 cattle (213 bulls and 110 cow) were inspected by referring to Urmia slaughter-house. Livers and gallbladders of 47 cattle had macroscopic changes. Histopathologic sections were prepared from injured tissues and for bacteriology, contents of injured and normal gallbladders were cultured. Major macroscopic changes that were observed in damaged livers and gallbladders were: increasing of gallbladder thickness, petechiae, choleliths in gallbladder, hepatolithiasis, hepatic fascioliasis and presence of dicrocoelium in gall bladder. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid schiff and masson’s trichrome staining methods. Cholecystitis, hyperplasia of seromucosal glands’ congestion, hemorrhage, fat necrosis and increased thickness of gallbladder layers were observed. Also Escherichia coli was isolated from 4 gallbladders. In females, the incidence of microscopic changes including cholecystitis, increasing of mucosal layer thickness, hyperplasia of seromucosal glands, hemorrhage in layers except the mucosal layer and presence of bacteria in culture of gallbladder contents was more than males (p<0.05). Also incidence of cholecystitis in native breeds was more in comparison with hybrid and Holstein breeds (p<0.05). According to the results, prevalence of hepatic fascioliasis is a predisposing factor for cholecystitis in this area. Also traditional feeding and diet regimen of native cattle are effective in creation of cholelithiasis which arise as a result of cholecystitis.

In order to compare commercial ELISA kit with serum neutralization (SN) in diagnosis of BHV-1 infection, blood samples were taken from 150 (100 male, 50 female) slaughtered water buffalo (Buballous buballis) at Ahvaz abattoir. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA kit and SN to determine antibodies against BHV-1. Out of 150 buffaloes, prevalence of infection with BHV-1 in ELISA and SN was 54% (81 samples) and 58.7% (88 samples) respectively. Statistical analysis showed there was no significant difference between ELISA and SN for detection of antibodies to BHV-1 in sera of water buffalo.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in red blood cell counts after experimentally induced pulmonary embolism in rabbits which was confirmed by scintigraphy. Red blood cell count is important in health and diseases because these cells transfer oxygen from lung to tissues. One of the practical methods for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is scintigraphy. Twelve adult male rabbits were selected. A group of six rabbits was used as control. In another group of six rabbits pulmonary embolism was experimentally induced by injection of autologous blood clots through right jugular vein. Pulmonary embolisms were confirmed by scintigraphy operations. At 0, 30, 60 min, 24, 48 and 72 hours after induced pulmonary embolism, blood samples were collected from rabbits of both groups and the red blood cell counts were determined. The technetium was milked from molybdenum- technetium generator and then added to macro aggregated albumin (MAA) kit. In all rabbits, 1.5 mCi of prepared 99mTC–MAA was injected into the marginal ear vein. In control group, 1ml of normal saline was injected via the margin ear vein. In this study, increases in red blood cell counts of the diseased rabbits were observed in the first and second days. These counts returned to normal status in the third day. These changes may reflect the performance of the body's immune system and response of physical reflexes to reduce the complications of pulmonary embolism. Therefore it is recommended that in patients with pulmonary embolism, more attention to red blood cell counts is required due to their specific performance along with other measurements.

Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium has positive effects on growth performance of avian species, but their effect is not fully elicited in the Japanese quail. Also, controversial reports exist for the effect of vitamin E and selenium on avian performance. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different levels of selenium (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) in the diet of the Japanese quail. Birds received mesh diet from the start of the study, then selenium and vitamin E were added on day 17. At the end of the study, after food deprivation for 6 hours, Japanese quail (1 male and 1 female) were selected and blood samples collected for biochemical investigations and determination of glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels. There was significant decrease in cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels and significant decrease in albumin and total protein levels on day 35 (p<0.05). Effect of vitamin E and selenium was not significant on serum LDL level but, administration of vitamin E significantly increased serum HDL levels (p<0.05). These results suggest that co-administration of selenium and vitamin E could have positive effects on blood biochemical parameters in the Japanese quail.

This study was conducted for evaluation of sialic acid concentration in serum of 19 foals with Rhodococcosis and compared with 18 normal foals in horse stables in Tabriz area in Iran. Sick foals were detected using clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in all foals and serum was separated. Sialic acid (serum total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid) concentrations in the serum were measured in all samples. Increasing of total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid in the sick group was significant (p=0.000, p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). In the normal group, the correlation between serumic parameters was not significant. In the sick group, the correlation between total sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid was not significant (r=0.095) but there was a significant correlation between total sialic acid and lipid-bound sialic acid (r=0.842). The correlation between lipid-bound and protein-bound sialic acid was also insignificant (r=0.196). The results obtained revealed that Rhodococcosis increases the serumic concentration of sialic acid and there is a correlation between increases in serumic concentration of various parameters.

A seven months old Rhesus macaque monkey weighing 1.800 kg was referred to a private small animal clinic with pain and non-weight bearing lameness of right leg. Anamnesis and clinical examination revealed the presence of trauma in right femoral region. In radiologic evaluation using Medio lateral and ventrodorsal views, femoral long oblique fracture was diagnosed. Based on clinical examination and diagnostic imaging findings, surgical treatment was suggested. Femoral shaft fracture is a common type of fracture and internal fixation with intramedullary pins and cerclage wire are performed in these type of fractures.