VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:10

The present study aims to determine the rate of infestation to external parasites, determine the fauna (genus and species) and also investigation their role in transmission of protozoan infections in goat in maku region. This survey was conducted from March 2010 (Farvardin 1389) to April 2011 (Esfand 1389). The data was analyzed by SPSS software (Ver. 16). The results revealed that 137 goats (33.5%) were infested by hard ticks. There weren`t any infestation by other external parasites (mite, lice, flea, myias). The whole detected ticks were 435 and each goat had an average of 1.08 ticks. The identified hard ticks on goats in respect to their prevalence were Rhipicephalus bursa (68.50%), Hyaloma anatolicum. anatolicum (16.32%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (9.46%), Haemaphysalis punctate (3.21%) and Dermacentor marginatus (2.52%). Distribution of ticks over different parts of the body surface was as follows: groin and breasts (50.80%), head and neck (25.05%), subscapula (13.10%) and genital organs and under tail (11.03%). Out of 137 positive samples 103 goats (25.75%) were infected with Babesia, out of which 87 goats (84.46%), 12 goats (11.65%) and 5 goats (3.89%) infected with B. ovis, B. mutasi and mixed infection with B. ovis and B. mutasi, respectively. There wasn’t any infection with Theileria and Anaplasma. The results indicated that infections with Rhipicephalus bursa was the highest in goats in Maku region, and among protozoan infections, B. ovis infection was the highest one, that is the frequency of Rhipicephalus bursa in comparison to other kinds of detected ticks among positive samples of Babesia was high and is meaningful (p<0.05).

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of human parasitic are infections and other warm-blooded vertebrates, which has extensive worldwide distribution. The aim of this study served to determine the level of human toxoplasmosis infection Mianeh city 1389. In this cross - sectional study of 200 men and women admitted to city level laboratories in the mid 1389 randomly selected after completing a questionnaire, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. The results by using Chi square test were statistically analyzed. Blood samples of 200 human are examined, about 73 samples, 36.5% have IgG antibodies and 14 samples, 7% had IgM antibodies to meet the 60 patients with chronic infections and 13 infections were acute or subacute toxoplasmosis. The results showed that between toxoplasmosis and education level, age, marital status and occupation of that statistical relationship exists between gender (p<0.05), but individuals, contact with cats, soil, half-cooked meat, how to wash vegetables and history of hospitalization there was no significant relationship (p>0.05). The results show high prevalence of Toxoplasma in the Mianeh is about the same prevalence of IgG and IgM positive shifter somewhat higher than rates reported in similar studies conducted in the northwest region. So consider the lack of population control programs of stray cats and the lack of appropriate health information sections of society, the need for constant monitoring of the disease, it seems necessary.

Pancreas gland is one of large glands related with digestive duct. This gland consists of exocrine and endocrine parts. In this article, 10 pancrase glands of buffalo with surrounding tissues and duodenum were prepared and studied anatomically and histologically. The anatomical results showed that pancreas gland in buffalo consist of long right and left lobe. The right lobe was near the descending duodenum and left lobe was adjacent ascended to stomach and pylorus. In general, pancreas is located between descending and ascending sections of duodenum in dark pink color. Its total length was approximately 63.2 cm and its maximal width and thickness were measured 15.4 cm, 1.12 cm respectively. Pancreas has a central duct for exocrine secretion. Exocrine part consists of serous secretory units that cells of acini center are observable. Islets of langerhans, with  a cells in circumference and b –cells in center are indicated. There is no smooth muscle in its capsule.

The aim of present study was to investigation on hematopoietic activity of chicken embryo in exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF-EMF). In present study, the effect of exposure to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT EMF during different periods of incubation on hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and WBC, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and heterophil) count was investigated. Experimental groups included group1 or control was under normal incubation process and without any exposing to EMFs, group2; includes eggs exposed to 50Hz, 0.5 mT, 2h daily for 0-7 days of incubation, group3; includes eggs exposed for 2h daily from day-8 to -14 of incubation, group4; includes eggs exposed from days-15 to -21 of incubation and group5; includes eggs exposed from days-1 to -21 of incubation (entire incubation period). Incubation condition (with exception to EMF exposing) was similar for all groups. At time of EMF exposing eggs were transferred to EMF emitter set and after exposing period, eggs were transferred to their rows (setter). exposing to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT EMF during different periods of embryonic life (first, second or third week and entire incubation period) didn’t has any significant effect on erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and relative measures, whereas WBC counts (with exception of minor increases eosinophil for group 3) didn’t have change in any period of EMF exposure, too. It was concluded that embryonic or pre-hatch exposure to EMFs: 50 Hz, 0.5 mT during different periods of incubation didn’t has significant effect on hematological parameters includes erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and heterophil count.

Humulus lupulus is a medicinal plant which in Farsi is called "razak". The purpose of this research is, studying the sedative effects of polar, semi polar and non polar fractions extracted from Hop (Humulus lupulus. L) in comparison with diazepam in the animal model of Rat. For conducting this research polar, semi polar and non polar fractions extracted from Hop based on the polarity of solvent. Then study continued with the injection of obtained extracts and other medicines to different groups of Wistar breed of rats. First group was injected with 100mg/kg of Polar fraction extract the second group, with 100mg/kg of Semipolar extract, the third group, with 100 mg/kg of non-polar extract of Humulus lupulus the fourth group with 2 mg/kg of Diazepam the fifth group with the same volume of DMSO used as solvent of injectable medicines an the sixth group was the control group and did not receive any drug. The method of injection was Intra peritoneal (IP) form. Statistical diagrams and results showed a significant decreasing of anesthetic induction time and increasing of sleeping time of Ketamin induced anesthesia, after IP injection of the Polar fraction extract of Humulus lupulus. The results obtained showed that the polar-fraction extract of Humulus lupulus has more sufficient sedative effects than diazepam and other under studied groups.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is the most important bovine viral disease across the world. The virus belongs to Flavi viridae and of Pesti virus genus which causes to various syndromes. The virus affects the reproduction, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, immunity, lymphatic, muscular and central nervous systems. Today, different tests (virus isolation, RT-PCR, capturing ELISA, direct and indirect ELISA and immune fluorescence test) have be designed in order to diagnosis viral infection of cattle’s viral diarrhea. This study aimed at demonstrating the importance of the disease in cattle’s abortion of Tabriz suburb’s cattle pens in 89-90 by measurement antibody titre of produced milk. ELISA test was used in the present study since ELISA test of bulk milk is one of the diagnostic methods in cattle pens according to the regulations of counyry veterinarian organization for controlling BVD-MD disease. The results demonstrated that there were 9 positive and 11 negative samples of 20 milk samples. The results suggest that of the rate of milk tanks contamination of Tabriz suburb is about 45% in 89-90 which shows relatively 2% resistant contamination in cattle pens of the region.

Non-dermatophytic fungi are frequently isolated on the cultures used in surveys of animals suspected of having ringworm. The present study was conducted to identify of saprophytic fungi and dermatophyte isolated from sheep with suspected ringworm in Urmia, Iran. A total of 1323 sheep from two breeds of Ghezel (n = 727) and Makui (n = 596) were examined for skin lesions. Only 4 (0.035 %) lesions with hair loss and scaling were found on ears of Ghezel sheep. Samples were examined microscopically by KOH and cultured ontoSabouraud’s dextrose agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, incubated at 25 and 37oC and examined for 4weeks. All (100%) of the specimens yielded positive culture. Fungal isolates were Alternariaspp. (3 cases, 75 %) and Mucor spp. (2 cases, 50%). No dermatophyte fungi were cultured from suspected ringworm lesions. Saprophytic fungi isolated in the present study may not be considered as cause of skin lesions in Ghezel sheep.

Rebuilding and renovation of lost bone whether because of physiologic or pathologic factors was one of the surgeons’ motivations from the past. Osteogenesis of decalcified bone induced by growth factors contained in it. This study is to assay probability effect of decalcified bone and calcium phosphate granules on osteogenesis which is made in experimental flaw and it is as a laboratory pattern in rabbit femur. This experimental study is made on 15 male rabbits. Animals were divided randomly into 3 groups (control and treatments). After induction of general anesthesia, 2 holes in size of 2 mm in diameter was made using a dental bit in femur width to medullary channel. After surgery, the control group left untreated and decalcified bones was placed in group 2 and calcium phosphate granules were placed in group 3. Histopathological and histomorphometrical studies for evaluation of bone healing were carried out in experimental rats, which were euthanized after 45 days of the experiment using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining method. In control group, defect seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow spaces and in spite of a poor osteogenic activity. In calcium phosphate group, young bone trabeculas increased in number and bone trabeculas more organized. Histomorphometric results, observed that calcium phosphate granules has significant effect on bone healing than decalcified and control groups.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which is faced in many clinical situations. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with turmeric (Curcuma longa linn) powder on kidney histopathology and function markers in renal ischemia / reperfusion (IR) induced injury in the rats. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, IR model and two I/R+TREE (2%and4%) - treated groups (n=20 per group). I/R groups’ kidneys were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia at 37oc followed by 30min of reperfusion. After 24h of reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Kidney function tests and histopathological examination were also performed. Results were compared with a group of rats with sham operation. High serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were observed in I/R rats compared to the sham rats. Pre-treatment of turmeric powder for 30 days prior to IR operation improved renal function reduced IR induced renal inflammatory and oxidative injury. The results of this study showed that turmeric powder significantly prevented renal I/R-induced functional and histological injuries.

Enterococci have important role in the dairy industry. Also some of enterococcies with dairy origin have been reported as probiotics. The aim of this study is isolate and identify enterococcies from traditional dairy products of Meshkinshahr and Moghan (Ardabil) regions and evaluate the potential probiotic of them. In the presence of phosphate saline buffer (PH equal to 5.2) 26 acid resistant isolates and in the presence of bile salts, 10 resistant isolates, 7 isolates with high tolerance, 6 isolates with poor tolerance and 3 susceptible isolates were identified. Biochemical identification showed isolates belonging to species of E.avium, E.faecium, E.durans and E.faecalis. Also antagonistic activity was investigated with well diffusion method showed that isolates with inhibitory ability against Escherichia coli are Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria innocua. Susceptibility study to various antibiotics showed that all strains were susceptible to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. Also all of them were resistant to solfamethacsazol. The results indicate that traditional dairy products of these regions are important source for organisms with probiotic properties.