KARAGAH (THE DETECTIVE)
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:10

One of the effective actions to counteract financial and administrative corruption is the approval of the Merida Convention. This convention has made a suitable context for international cooperation in order to fight and prevent corruption. Approving this convention by Iran's legislator in November 2008 has created obligations because in this contention new definitions of crime have been emerged and communicated to the members. Applications of these new definitions in Iran's criminal justice system showed that these newly defend crimes either do not exist in our' laws or our criminal justice system has only considered part of it or it has been defend in a different way. In either way, the Iran's legislator obligation has no contradiction with religious canons and our codes of law. Having approved the laws regarding the new definitions, the legislator will complete the internal laws and fully cooperate with the international community to battle corruption.

The legislator may define some behaviors as new crimes whenever necessary in order to protect the values of the society. This action can be likened to a temporary tranquilizer to remedy the social problems. The great volume of laws reveals that penal laws are first solutions to the legislator but what is crucial is the practical assessment of criminal justice interventions. These interventions have paramount importance in economic fields because economic crimes have dedicated a huge part to themselves. Yet, the legislator has not recognized it as an independent issue and thus made complexity and disorder in legislations and subsequently in different institutions on how to deal with different crimes. This is quite inappropriate because when it come to dealing with a crime, transparency of laws has a ~I direct relationship with the culprit's rights.

One of the important duties of governments is to remedy the economic situation of societies; a society in which all people can live in welfare and free of disturbing concerns. Economic crimes and corruptions are two issues having a direct impact in disqualifying governments for not having enough control on economy.Economic discussions are increasingly spreading in political studies as well as those concerned with national security. Therefore, imagining a secure world or society without economic efficiency is out of the question. As a result, some argue that economy is the most important aspect of national security. One of the harms threatening every country's economic safety is corruption and economic crime which leads to poverty, deprivation and backwardness.Among the most important kinds of economic crimes and corruptions one can name: mutual funding, bribery, money laundering; embezzlement and conspiracy. If these kinds of crimes keep on growing, the society will face a real crisis and may even forfeit its legitimacy and our national security will then be seriously unstable.

The reign of Imam Ali and his legal policies due to his wise character and extended territory (which was tainted with all kinds of social and economic deviances before) can be an appropriate example for our plans, prioritizations and crime control policies. Imam Ali prioritized the economic crimes and took preventive actions by establishing supervisory institutions, using public reports and finally taking suppressive actions to battle this kind of crime. Along these, Imam's differentiation between an individual's economic crime and a politician's crime is an important point which can be a basis for our experts in the realm of criminal justice system. In this paper, we are to investigate the different aspects of Imam's plan to battle economic corruption.

Recently, in the field of modem criminology, several solutions have been proposed for expediting crime detection and lessening the rate of crime occurrence. Among these solutions those having scientific backgrounds have grabbed the criminologists' attentions. In this paper, burglary methods have been investigated using neural networks in order to detect a crime before it happens. In fact, the analysis of burglar behavior is the key to crime detection and attribution. In addition, the issue of anticipative detection has been discussed with a new meaning and its relationship with crime for casting has been explained. In the current paper, other academic techniques in subjects like: comparative criminology, group detection and link analysis in criminal networks have been fully discussed. Crime pattern recognition is a common need in all these academic solutions. The paper structure is a combination of two approaches: crime detection before its occurrence and crime for casting.

People might not think that their way of talking can sometimes be interpreted "as body language. However, the way you speak to someone, gives others lots of e information. Deceitful people usually talk less and make more mistakes. They also have longer pauses when answering questions, compared to normal people. Furthermore, their tone of voice is higher when they intend to tell a lie. These behaviors are called non-verbal ones. If verbal behaviors are indicators of someone's thoughts, his/her non-verbal or body language is an indicator of excitement. Interviewers often fail to catch a lie because people are able to control" their verbal signs but not the non-verbal ones. Skillful interviewer can get useful clues by understanding these non-verbal actions and lie detection methods. This article intends to point out to some of these methods to show evasive behaviors and answers.

It has been observed for several times that the C.S.I team members have to stay within the crime scene for many hours due to its complexity and size. If these members do not comply with safety codes, their health will be completely endangered and many problems arise. The aim of this paper is to remind the C.S. I team members about some kinds of contaminations in the crime scene and the methods they can protect themselves against these dangers. It is necessary for all the members to use some required equipment in order to minimize the probability of infection.

The analysis of fingerprints using Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and applying Silver Staining technique make it possible to identify various proteins in fingerprints. This technique involves the movement of dissolved proteins on a polymeric membrane with electric current. Finally, considering the molecular weight of proteins, bands will be observed on the membrane which makes the identification possible. Having done this, four protein bands will be identified: the two major ones are those with molecular weights 56 and 65kd. The other two strips have the molecular weights of 48 and 52 kd and there are other bands adjacent to them with lower molecular weights. The mechanism of proteins identification is that with the aid of Western blots technique one can identify three special antibodies which are: Anti-Keratin, Anti-Cathepsin and Anti-Dermcidin. Keratin and Cathespin Antigens are present in a layer which yields from Desqumation of Stratum Corneum while Anti-Cathepsin and Anti-= Dermcidin exist in Eccrin sweat. The two major identified bands on Western blots membrane are Keratin 1 & 10. The two other bands are Cathepsin-D which exhibits self-reparation activities. In addition, Dermcidin antigen will not be observed on Western blots. These antibodies are identified on PVDF membranes, Whitened and non-whitened paper. The important tissue here is the identification of all antibodies on these membranes.

So far, DNA typing is the most sensitive and precise technique for Human Identification. The main object of this study was determining allele frequencies of one human short tandem repeat (STR) region, known as HUM.CSF1PO In Iranian population.Allele frequencies of this STR were determined in 100 unrelated Iranian persons. The regions including this marker were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR products of different persons were subjected for poly Acryl amide gel electrophoresis. human short tandem repeat (STR) region, known as HUM.CSFIPO In Iranian population. Allele frequencies of this STR were determined in 100 unrelated Iranian persons. The regions including this marker were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR products of different persons were subjected for poly Acryl amide gel electrophoresis.five different alleles were found for HUM.CSF1PO loci. The observed Heterozygosity was 0.63830 Discrimination power (DP) was 0.86242 and Power of Exclusion was 0.44792 for HUM.CSF1PO locus. The comparison between observed genotype frequencies and expected genotype frequencies, for this marker using standard X-square test, showed that this is supposing Hardy-Weinberg law. Also, we prepared allelic ladder of this STR, which is specific for native Iranian population.The results of this study could be used for Human Identification, Identification of unknown corps and paternity testing.