KARAGAH (THE DETECTIVE)
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:8|Papers Count:8

Today, digital photos are extensively used in every community. With technological developments in digital photos, softwares have been created to edit and modify each photo. These softwares are sometimes tempting and pose problems to society. Making unpleasant changes in photos with the aim of extortion, is only one example. The photoshop software is one of those having an important role for both criminals and detectives. In this work, photoshop applications in forgery, crime detection and fingerprinting have been investigated. Considering the wide variety of digital cameras in our country, it seems that the authorities should have deep concerns regarding digital crimes.

The social situation of humans, without any doubt, has made them encounter an inevitable phenomenon called crime. We always need the science of crime analysis which means: applying a systematic approach to identify, detect and forecast crimes. The input to crime analysis system are the variables and data related to crime and the output will be the response to analytical questions and depiction of results. Due to evelopments in the realm of IT, the main goal of this article is to study an approach which relies on data mining. It uses the available data banks and data mining algorithms to find the insensible relations between those data and predict the crime occurrence. Since the algorithm, techniques and data mining methods is essential to these studies, first we will focus on the concept of data mining and its framework; then, we will have a review on the activities carried out up to this moment in police forces for crime detection.

E-commerce has become a new method for business transactions replacing traditional system by growing too fast. Digital signature is one of the solutions to guarantee security and give credit to all contracts and electronic data. Due to changes in business transactions, crimes related to them have undergone vast changes. In this article, focus has been made on transactions security in cyberspace as well as digital signature (and its advantages and techniques). It can be concluded that digital signatures offer security services. For example: they put signs on digital signatures for authentication process via symmetrical and non-symmetrical encryptions in order to minimize the rate of related crimes. The literature review for this work has been based on updated references.

The smuggling phenomenon is a universal issue, which has been turned into a great problem in developing countries. It is inappropriate since it has negative impacts on the economy, weakens the economical strategies and sometimes shows itself as a silent battle against the economy. It is based on illegal profiting via illegal business. There are lots of evidence regarding these activities in developing countries however, there are no reliable statistics available which can be quite misleading. Maybe the most important reason to smuggling is the restriction put on specific businesses. This article tries to illustrate the process in which smuggling is shaped, the contributory factor, its consequences and preventive measures against it.

Many researchers have investigated the smuggling phenomenon with different viewpoints. Some of them, refer to it as a crime and try to analyze its criminal and judicial aspects in their papers. Others, regard smuggling as only an economical problem and also there is a third group which tries to find the causal issues in smuggling and realizing its consequences. In this article, it is attempted, to discuss the theories of smuggling, its types, etc first. Afterwards, different viewpoints which can be classified in three groups (legal- penal, empirical, causal) will be investigated. We are also about to find other contributory factors which have not been recognized so well.

According to researches in the realm of archaeology, the civilization history in Iran dates back to 7000 years ago. This fact shows that there are lots of great historical and cultural monuments in our country which have always been the target of organized criminal bands and this in turn led to a business which ultimately affects our cultural resources. Those valuable resources which are transferred overseas are unfortunately irreplaceable. We are now in a historical era in which most of our people look at our monuments as a cultural heritage. Therefore, the question is: How are we going to protect our cultural values and prevent them from being destroyed? Unfortunately, there are out-dated and inefficient laws that make any improvement harder and harder. In this article, it is aimed to identify efficient methods and solutions to these problems considering the current restricttions.

To make managerial programs and make decisions, it is necessary to have some criteria. Today, considering the huge volume of information and the challenges every company faces, it is required to have criteria for each planning based on pros and cons. Therefore, the research science has developed numerous quantitative methods for this purpose. Some of these methods are designated as Multiple Criteria Decision Making models among which Group Decision Making Under Multiple Criteria are the most important. These models are adopted in cases where a group of people intend to decide on a subject that has become complicated due to many quantitative and qualitative criteria. In this article, it is attempted to rank urban areas from the crime and delinquency viewpoint to make important decisions including: crime prevention and improvement of police stations.

This research which is compiling based on operational and experimental finding is aimed at accessing to following objective: firstly describing the concepts of embezzlement and present its occurrence causes. Secondly present the factors and components of guilty of embezzlement. Thirdly mentioning the techniques of embezzlers in guilty of embezzlement, fourthly present the current condition of finding and campaigning against embezzlement, fifthly suggest the condition of successful and suitable finding of embezzlement causes in detail. Although, the mentioned research don’t claim comprehensiveness, but it attempt to present writer concern, who is deal with campaigning against economical crimes. Embezzlement is a kind of guilty which is occurring by government personnel, by private and organized method, permanently among organizations and government institute whether banks and etc. based on economical condition of the country, we predict development of embezzlement guilty. Such condition is doubling importance and the necessity of leadership thought in crime finding management, because following by wide range development among different components of societies, crime causes, methods, technique and their factors in committing of crimes, benefiting from mysterious and considerable development. Therefore, organizations of finding of crime are obliged to apply new and efficient method in order to access, their organizational, political, economical, cultural and social aims for on time and successful finding of crimes, otherwise they lose their legitimacy against public thoughts, organizations and top ranking managers.