NEW FINDINGS IN AGRICULTURE
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (24)|Papers Count:8

In this research the effects of lead poisons with different concentration 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM, also above concentration it was accompanied by salicylic acid (5 and 10mM) on parameters of growth and change of chlorophyll a, b and a+b in Brassica napus L. Cultivar Opera was investigated. The Rapeseed was planted in hydroponic culture for 10 days. At the end of treatment the roots and shoots of canola were harvested separately and the length of root and shoot, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, SLA, SLW, LAR and LWCA and change of chlorophyll a, b and a+b were measured. Collected data were extracted and statistical analysis with SPSS statistical soft ware and test of Duncan performed. The result was shown that the length of root and shoot, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, SLA, LAR and amount of chlorophyll a, b and a+b with increasing the concentration of Pb (No3)2 in comparing with control group was significantly decreased and SLW and LWCA was significantly increased (p<0.01). With application of salicylic acid with concentration of (5 and 10mM) all damage due of lead stress modified.

In order to study the effect of organic food systems, fusion, increased chemical and bacteria growth (PGPR), on the growth stages of corn silage single cras 704 in order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and plant nutrition improvement, in the year 2010 Farm Research, Islamic Azad University of Arak as factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block with three replications was performed. To test treatments, inoculated seeds by stimulating the growth of bacteria in four levels, B0= rhizobiom, azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B1=rhizobiom, azsprliom and Pseudomonas, B2=rhizobiom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B3=azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas and use of nitrogen fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potasiom four levels, A0=no consumption, A1=1.3 the recommended amount, A2=2.3 the recommended amount, A3=100 % of the recommended amount, were applied. The results showed that chemical fertilizer on the characteristics such as plant height, number of leaf, number of grain rows, number of grain per ear and forage yield level was statistically significant in a percentage. Also, different levels of biological fertilizers on the characteristics such as: ear leaf length, number of seeds per row, plant height and forage yield made a positive impact on the statistical level was a significant percentage.

In order to study of investigating possibility of tank mixture of boardleaf herbicides with micronutrients in wheat, an experiment was conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Insitute, Karaj, Iran, during 2009-2010. The experimental design was complete randomized block in factorial arrangement with four replications. Treatments included herbicide at three levels (Bromoxynil+MCPA at 1.5 lit/ha, 2, 4-D+MCPA at 1.5 lit/ha and Tribenuron-methyl at 20 gr/ha) and micronutrient at seven levels (Liberl BMX at 1.5 kg/ha, Biomin 235 at 2 kg/ha, Biomin 466-sp, Liberl Fe, Liberl Mn, Liberl Zn at 1 kg/ha of each other and control without use of micronutrient). Results indicated that, there is the possibility of tank mixture of broadleaf herbicides with micronutrients without the negative effect. In addition, the grain yield was effected by micronutrient treatments. Also, Tribenuron-methyl puls Liberl Zn was a good option in controlling weeds and highest yield.

Hyssop with the scientific name Hyssopus officinalis belongs to the dark mint is a perennial plant that its usable parts are flowering branches, leaves and seeds. The infused vegetative body as a healing agent for the treatment of upper respiratory tract illnesses such as coughs, whooping cough, bronchitis and asthma is used. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties of hyssop essential oils in food, cosmetics and health are frequently used. This study is a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications form. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen by 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg per hectare and planting density in three  levels were 6, 8, 10 plants per square meter. The results showed that the highest yield of dry matter and medicinal body were obtained from 10 plants per square meter. Consumption of 225 kg per hectare and lack of nitrogen in the flowering stage, respectively, generating the maximum and the lowest number of leaves per plant in the main stem. The highest yield of medicinal body with consumption of 225 kg N per hectare is recommended. The density of 10 plants per square meter and use of 75 kg N per hectare is the best treatment.

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress (limited irrigation) on different traits of bean. Ten bean genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions in the Islamic Azad University Arak. The results of stepwise regression are shown that day’s number till the leaves appearance, day’s number till the third leaflet appearance, number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, 100 weight-seed, stem diameter, plant height, number of nod on main branch, plant fresh weight under non-stress condition and day's number till the leaves appearance, day’s number till the third leaflet appearance, day’s number till the anthesis, number of seed per plant, 100 weight-seed, length of Tap root, plant height, length of internod, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight had the most effect on the yield. Factor analysis showed in the normal condition six factors were identified that over 80% of the performance changes are justified and in the stress conditions there are seven factors were identified that over 84% of the performance changes are justified. Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Mean Productivity (MP) were the most suitable indicators for selecting drought resistant genotypes. Based on these indicators KS 41225, KS 41147 and KS 41231 in White beans, were found as resistant genotypes.

To evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources on seed yield and some agronomic characteristics of different winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties a split plot field experiment, arranged in complete block design with three replications was carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak (Iran), during 2009-2010 growing season. Three nitrogen sources (2-Amonium Phosphat, Amonium Nitrat and Urea) and five rapeseed varieties (Okapi, Modena, Licord, SLM046 and Talayeh) were randomized in main plots and sub-plots, respectively. In this research, the interaction effects between urea fertilizer × Modena variety and 2-Amonium Phosphat × Talayeh showed the highest seed and oil yield per unit area, respectively. Talayeh variety produced the greatest seed oil content as affected by 2- Amonium Phosphat fertilizer in comparison with Modena variety. Hence, the positive relationship was observed between oil yield per unit area and seed yield in rapeseed. The interaction effect between urea fertilizer × Modena variety increased seed yield due to increment of biological yield, length of flowering period, days to end of flowering. The interaction effect between 2-Amonium Phosphat × Talayeh variety enhanced seed yield by means of increasing the length of maturity, plant growth period and harvest index. Inaddition, 2- Amonium Phosphat × Modena variety showed the the highest numbers of siliques per plant and the lowest seed yield per unit area. In this study, There was positive and significant correlations between seed yield and biological yield (r=0.91**) and harvest index (r=0.61**). Also, correlation coefficient between oil yield and seed yield (r=0.98**) and seed oil content (r=0.58**) was positive and significant.

Amaranth is a crop belonging to the genus Amaranth. This genus includes about 60 species of wild Amaranth that are majority. Some of them as crop food and some of them are used as ornamental crop. But the majority of them are weeds without applied. The amaranth seed proteins contain most of essential amino acids that other plants lack like such as lysine. However, one of the most important factors affecting its yield and quality is the plant nutrition and fertilizers on which managing nutritional elements influence greatly. Treatment this study was elements (iron, nitrogen, zinc, and manganese), amount application (100, 200, 300 kg/ha of Nitrogen and 3, 5 and 7 in thousand Iron, Mn and Zinc) and time of application. The results showed that different levels of nitrogen fertilizer increased the features. The highest of these effects was observed after application of iron, nitrogen and zinc fertilizers by application 2 and 3) and. The study showed that had significant increase in the features of height, number of seeds. However, in case of the number of the seeds several stages of treatment induced similar increases in comparison with application in planting amounts. According to the findings of the present study, treatment of 200, 300 kg/ha nitrogen showed 11.32 and 9.98 % increases in the seed number respectively. Maximum seed number by 7 in thousand application Zinc was 8464 that 3.37 % than control increased. According this experimental application of fertilizers improve qualitative and quantitative features of amaranth.

In order to determination of effect of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars on biomass allocation of redroot pigweed, a two years experiment was performed factorially based on additive design with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. For combined analysis of data and means comparison MSTAT-C and Duncan's test were employed. Results revealed that in Allstar treatments, number of weed side branches in densities of 25 and 41.7 plants/m2 increased, significantly, compared with Hysun. In Allstar, redroot pigweed density was more effective than interference time with a view to effect on weed total biomass. Redroot pigweed leaf to total dry matter ratio in full season interference of 41.7 weeds/m2 were 15%, 17.5% and 20.8% in three sunflower cultivars, respectively. With each week earlier emergence of weed, stem biomass of weed increased 6 g/m2, in Allstar. Florescence to total biomass ratio increased, significantly, with delaying in interference time of redroot pigweed, which could be considered in the weed controlling of sunflower.