NEW FINDINGS IN AGRICULTURE
Year:2011 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:8

In order to study the essential oil precent and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) changes affected by nitrogen, magnesium and manganese amounts, this experiment carried out in spring and summer 2008 in Islamic Azad University takestan branch research farm. The experimental design was split factorial in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. The experimental factors included nintrogen application in 4 levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg /ha as main factor and magnesium and manganese foliar application in 2 levels 0 and 1.2 kg/ha in the form factorial design as subfactor. Simple effect of factors showed that, 150 Kg/ha nitrogen application with %0.32 and 41.98 Kg/ha, 1.2 Kg/ha magnesium foliar application with %0.39 and 52.67 Kg/ha and 1.2 Kg/ha manganese spraying with % 0.36 and 47.06 Kg/ha produced maximum amounts of essential oil precent and essential oil yield in basil. Highest essential oil precent (%0.51) and essential oil yield (72.6 Kg/ha) of basil gained in 150 kg/ha and 1.2 kg/ha. Tripple interaction effect indicated that, 150 Kg/ha nitrogen soil application and 1.2 Kg/ha magnesium and manganese foliar application caused highest essential oil precent (%0.55) and essential oil yield (79.70 Kg/ha) alternatively.

In order to evaluate of the planting distribution effects and phosphorus rate on potato agronomic characteristics and yield, this study was conducted in an agricultural research farm, located in Freidan, in the province of Isfahan in 2009-2010. The study was conducted in the form of strip plots designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications. The horizontal factor included four different planting distribution styles of single rows, double rows, zigzag, and three rows with respective planting densities of 5.3, 6.6, 6.6 and 8 per m2. The vertical factor included four different levels of phosphorus, including controls, 10 percent, 20 percent and 30 percent increase in consumption above the recommended level. By reducing the row spacing and increasing density in the three-row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus increase, stem height, total air plant weight, leaf area index, number of tubers and tuber yield increased significantly per unit area. The maximum tuber yield equal 53 tons per hectare obtained from treatment of three-row planting distribution +10 percent phosphorus. According to the results, the single-row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus produce 38 tons per hectare and larger size tubers would be appropriate in tuber production for domestic consumption and the three row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus produce 53 tons per hectare and smaller size tubers would be appropriate in tuber production for seeding purposes in terms similar to those of this research.

Water deficit is one of the most factors limiting of yield in wheat. In order to effects of irrigation deficit and factors of drought stress modulate on some agronomic of line C7814, the experimental was conducted in a strip plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research field Islamic Azad University of Arak in 2009-2010 cropping seasons. Experimental factors were including of irrigation at two levels: control and cut irrigation at spike emergency and factors of drought stress modulate in five levels: control, salicylic acid, selenium, micro elements, salicylic acid and selenium, salicylic acid and selenium and micro elements. The results showed that irrigation deficit decreased agronomic traits and grain yield. Application of factors of drought stress modulates decreased the height of plant, but traits of weight of spike, number of spike per area, biological yield, harvest index and grain yield were increased. Interaction effects of treatment showed that application of factors drought stress modulates increased grain yield by 8% and 5% in full irrigation and cut irrigation at spike emergency as compared with control, respectively.

Nowadays, growing Narcissus flowers have become an economical and profiting industry. Many efforts have been done to enhance the quantity and quality of this flower. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the effect of minerals on physico-chemical characteristics and after harvest life of this flower. Therefore, a research was done in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 repetitions of 30 observations. To assess the effect of nitrogen and phosphor, this experiment was done with three treatments of nitrogen (100, 150, and 200 kg/acre), and three treatments of phosphor (30, 60, and 90 kg/acre). Also, 100 kg/acre of potassium was used for all treatments. The amount of phosphor was evaluated using the color measurement method with the yellow Vanadat Mulibdat. The spectrophotometer (UVD-2960) for reading the absorption power in the 470 nanometer wave length. The results regarding the nitrogen amount in the leaf shows that the N3+P2+K treatment has the highest effect regarding nitrogen absorption (5.07%). Also, with an increase in the amount of phosphor, the amount of this mineral increases in the leaf. The results of this study show that the amount of nitrogen has an important effect on the amount of phosphor concentration in the leaf. As the application of nitrogen fertilizer increases, the phosphor concentration in the leaf decreases. The results of different fertilizers show that the use of fertilizing treatments increases the shelf life of narcissus flower compared with the control treatment.

The effect of seed size and seed quality on yilde and yield components in dryland wheat were studied in saline soils in Gorgan. For this purpose, three different seed sizes of Kuhdasht variety were considerd on the basis of sieving devices achieving different sizes, large (TSM1 48 gr), medium (TSM 36 gr) and small (TSM 29 gr). Seed were deteriorated on the basis of accelerated aging test. Duration of seed deterioration including (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 days at temperature 40o C were considered as five different treatments. Afterward, deteriorated seeds were sown in the field in desember 2007. A factorial experiment comprising those three seed size and durations of seed  deterioration (3×5) was run within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications (in the saline areas, station of saline research Anbarolom located at 35 kilometer in north of Gorgan), The experiment was ended in july 2008 and samples were taken by the time. The results showed seed deterioration reduced all measured crops properties including plant height, stem and spike lenght, spikelets number per spike, grain number per spike, grain number per spikelets, total grian yield, thousand seed mass, stubble weight. The results also showed that economical and biological yield, as well as harvest index were negative affected by increasing of deterioration period. Seed deterioration plant density per unit area, leading to low yield particularly in stress condition such as salinity. The large and medium seeds were superior than small seeds in most measured factors.

To control water potential in seed germination studies osmotic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used environmental stress, such as drought and (Osmotic) stress can play an important role in disturbing different stage of medical plant growth, development, and especially seed germination in arid and regions high percent of medicines are used for people have plant origin. With attention to the development of drought area and the shortage of agricultural area, it comes in to great importance to make use of drought tolerant plant an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different drought (Osmotic) levels on Cuminum Cyminum in germination in a completely randomized design with three replications. Drought (Osmotic) levels applied were zero (Control), 5%, 10% and 15% (0, -0.03, -0.19 and -0.41 Mpa). The purpose of this study was to determine genotype in PEG solution had a detrimental effect on germination percentage and germination rate.

The parasitic weed, dodder (Cuscuta monogyna) caused severe damage to agricultural ecosystems and city landscapes of Mashhad, in recent years. In order to biological control of this parasite, a study was done during 2010-11. Several strains of fungi were obtained from infected tissues of dodder which were collected from city landascapes. One strain of Alternaria spp. was selected as the best strain and applied on dodder after its connection to the host in two experiments which were conducted using completely randomized designs in greenhouse. In these experiments the effects of different concentrations of spore suspensions (104, 105, 106 and 107 spores ml-1), host domain and various dew periods (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) were investigated. Results of host domain experiment on common privet, petunia, pepper indicated that this strain had no pathogenicity on these plants. The pathogencity of fungi enhanced with increasing spore concentration. A spore concentration of 107 spores ml-1 caused 39.9 percent reduction in dry mass of dodder. Increasing time of dew period caused more disease. Therefore, this strain of Alternaria spp. needs more than 18 hours dew period to cause 31.75 percent reduction in dry mass of dodder. According to these results, it can be inferred that this strain has the potential ability of controlling the dodder.

In order to study the effects of water deficiency stress, nitrogen application rates, and plant density on grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and related traits of oily sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor) in 2007-2009 in experimental field Agriculture and Research center of West-Azerbaijan. The study was consisted split-split-plot experiments using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factor main was consisted irrigation treatment including optimum irrigation, moderate stress and sever stress where irrigation was done after depletion of 50%, 70% and 90% of available water, respectively. Three nitrogen levels consisting of 100, 160 and 220 kg N ha-1 were considered as sub plots and sub – sub plots consisted of three plant populations of 5.55, 6.66 and 8.33 plants m-2. The results of combined analyzes showed that severe drought stress reduced the grain yield by 60% compared to the optimum irrigation condition. Increasing nitrogen application caused grain yield increase. The response of grain yield to increase in plant population was positive. In level of optimum irrigation with increasing rate of nitrogen traits all rate increased but in level of irrigation with increasing plant population head diameter decresed. Severe drought stress caused to reducing leaf area index, crop growth rate, disorder in absorbing and transferring of foodstuffs and reduced production of elaborate sap and at least reduced grain yield. In drought stress condition due to decling vegetative organs dry weight grain yield decreased.