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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

RAMESHT M.H. | BABAJEMALI F.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    7-13
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1252
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Iran, according to special criteria, can be considered an exceptional territory. Its altitudinal differences in negative spectrum -28 & 5678 meters from the sea level, climatic differences stretching from equator to the pole, astonishing plant variety, and many other unique features can justify the term ‘exception’. The rule of urbanity development should also be added to the list of this territory’s monopolies. A quick glance at the historical changes of the civil centers in the world would indicate that the emergence of such centers would follow a particular rule. Accordingly, based on Willdorant analyses, the period of glacial dominance on the earth has been considered as the urbanity contraction era, and the period of interglacial as the urbanity expansion era. This rule has been totally reversed in the case of Iran making it an exception in the world. This paper which has been derived from a research project conducted at Isfahan University intends to present the rules involved in Iran’s urbanity changes, on the basis of the analysis of environmental and land sciences. The findings of this study reveal that:The growth of civil centers in Iran has gone through a reversed direction in comparison with what occurred in Europe and the United States. Thus, the periods of civil expansion and contraction in Iran have not been in congruence with those of Europe and the U.S.The discontinuity of civil period in Iran has not been similar to that of Europe and the U.S. As one part of Iran has gone through a period of civil contraction, the other part was involved in civil expansion. The dominance of Anaglacial periods in Iran coincided with the formation of cold urbanity, and the dominance of Cataglacial period coincided with the formation of warm urbanity. However, such an occurrence was not made in an absolute alternative way. This synchronic occurrence is one of the exceptional urban qualities of Iran.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    14-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1934
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The distribution of natural disasters, which have claimed so many lives and destroyed human communities, has been coincided with the unplanned geography of the regions. The uncontrolled urban expansion and the development of cities in the natural areas, disregarding the natural disasters, have asked for the determination of a secure and consistent urban bound. Undoubtedly, the determination of urban security bounds would lead to a decrease in urban vulnerabilities and disasters. An attempt has been made in this paper, through considering the expansion of Isfahan and the use of Shanon Entropy Model, to represent the increasing vulnerability of this city. The findings of this study can increase our understanding of the fact that, centralization in recent decades has seriously asked for the determination of security bounds in urban planning.

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Author(s): 

TAGHVAIE M. | MOUSAVI M.N.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    25-34
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    5
  • Views: 

    1766
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The goal of this article is to explore and identify the points of strength and weakness of the given urban primacy indices and to present a new index to determine urban primacy.        This study investigates the problems and shortages of urban primacy index with an analytic look at the identification of the conditions of urban primacy of Iran urban system during the years 1335-1385. The research method is descriptive – analytic. Based on the previous investigation, 6 methods have been presented to determine the urban primacy index. One of the main problems of these methods is ignoring all the cities of the urban system based on their ranks. And the other problem is that most of these indices don’t end in one single basis. These problems have caused the given indices to cast doubt on the concept and foundation of urban primacy. Therefore, to solve the problem, the researchere attempt to presend a new index which is adapted to rank - size rule and is able to remove the weaknesses of previous indices. Then the condition of the first urban primacy index was examined that based on the new index, the condition of urban primacy in Iran has had an increasing trend in 1335-1365, a decreasing trend in 1365-1375 and it has got an increasing trend in 1385 because of increase in the number of cities and changing of the big villages to cities. While based on the previous indices, it has had an increasing trend in 1335-1355 and a decreasing trend in 1365-1385. The condition of the urban system of Iran based on the rank- size rule also confirms the results of the recommended index. The findings of this study can increase our understanding of the fact that, centralization in recent decades has seriously Qsked for the determination of security bounds in urban planning.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

MOMENI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    35-42
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    5
  • Views: 

    2374
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The processes of social, economic, and cultural changes in recent decades and the variation of geographical environment lead to the formation of a particular system of spatial human settlements. Lack of balance between rural and urban centers in various fields with regards to social, economical, and cultural aspects has resulted in the disorder of spatial system of settlements on the one hand, and uncontrolled and growing development of  first class cities on the other. Immigration caused by this process to first class cities from smaller size cities has caused underdevelopment in smaller size cities. As an instance of this process, imbalance of spatial structure of the state of Isfahan can be mentioned. Polarization of population in Isfahan region as well as centralization of economical activities and social services have resulted in an illogical hierarchy of the rate of settlements.This study hypothesizes that style of polarized planning and the variety of planning used in this region has led to the imbalance of space in the state of Isfahan. This article makes use of Skallogram model and library documentation together with statistical analysis of data to deal with the issue at hand. Efforts have been made to propose strategies for fighting imbalance in the district of Isfahan.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

NASTARAN M. | FATTAHI SARA

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    43-55
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    9
  • Views: 

    4155
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Intense centralization and imbalance are among the features of the third world countries, which are due to the polar growth policy consequences. As a result of this policy, limited number of regions play key role and other regions have marginal functions. In order to create a balance and also to form proper and homogeneous spaces, Regional Planning Programmer has been put forward and the first step of that is recognizing economic and social inequalities in various regions.Creating the balance and coordination in urban structures is the prominent element of development. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamental and conduct shortages useful studies in order to know the and of different regions. Also inadequa serious efforts aare required in order to eliminate all these inequalities.The first step in this regard is the classification of the regions in different fields. In this article, the evaluation of development levels in the parishes of Golestan (Iran) cities is considered and one the most practical of analytical assessment methods knownas Factor Analysis Model has been.On this basis, 38 indexes in the form of 9 groups including: population, economy, mine and industry, agriculture, infrastructure, education, culture, skeleton, health and medical cities care, are studied in 11. According to the research findings, a comprehensive planning is essential in order to reinforce the strengths and the opportunities and remove the weaknesses and the threats. This fact is because among the of cities Golestan province, development distribution is unbalanced and also the difference and dispersion of some of the above-mentioned indexes have more influences on this diversity. The findings of this Grticle could be beneficial in optimizing the status quo and improve development levels in this province.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    56-69
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1833
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Information technology and communications can be regarded as the technology of the new millennium which can lead to the reduction of calculation time, more accurate data processing, information exchange, low cost, and simple trade. In this study, this technology in the countries of the world has been subjected to spatial analysis. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical. Use has been made of documents and the internet to collect the essential data. To study human development indexes, a few cases have been selected, and two major evaluation criteria of technology (i.e., internet users and PC owners) have been focused on. The results show that indicators of literacy, life expectancy, and per capita income which have been selected from among various indices have direct impact on the use of internet. However, among the PC owners, only income per capita has a direct influence. Internet use has a direct relationship with the high level of employment services in the country. Our country is taking steps towards development, and one of the salient issues to be considered is the expansion of services sector. Therefore, regarding what has been put forward, it is necessary to take serious measures concerning the development of IT such as internet and computer to meet the needs and cover infrastructures.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

SOBHANI LARI S.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    70-112
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2929
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Parametric tests are inferential tests having high statistical power and ability to address any gathered data in the form of complex designs. They mostly assume data to have a natural distribution and samples to have Homogeneous variances. Nonparametric inferential tests are procedures that have few assumptions about data, especially its distribution and a low power compared with parametric procedures. ANOVA is one of the most powerful parametric statistical tests for testing statistical hypotheses, together with different designs and models and related procedures. This technique is used to uncover the main and interactive effects of independent variables (called "factors") on a dependent variable. ANOVA parametric and nonparametric tests are very helpful statistical procedures that can be used in researches related to cities by its fundamental nature, extensively. In the current research we have used One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA and its nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis H) as well as related procedures on three different factors(with three ,four and five levels), having two Balanced(with equal sample sizes of groups) and Unbalanced designs, and by the use of two dependent variables (Percapita and transformed data based on data characteristics), according to the gathered data from the city level with the aim of comparing percapita of services at spatial dimension  of  areas . After finding the significant factor, we used various contrast tests in order to describe the nature of group differences in a parametric procedure using unplanned and planned comparisons i.e. by dedicating different weights on factor levels based on previous hypotheses. With the significant factor of quintuplet areas, we used planned (a priori) simple and compound linear, deviation and special contrasts as well as Post hoc unplanned Pairwise Multiple Comparisons and Range tests. In order to appraise the structure and study the effect and strength of a relationship and discover the differences through the insignificant factor levels of quadruplet areas, we used planned simple, polynomial, deviation and simple and compound linear contrasts. Generally, results showed that the distribution of civic functions of services in spatial dimension of areas are not optimal and have not been distributed equally. Meanwhile, parametric test of One-Way ANOVA and related tests offered reliable results through the convenient transformation of data especially with a small sample size.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

AZANI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    113-119
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1528
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

In the planetary rotation of the earth, the term "BIRTH" is formed in any moment and at any time; new ideas are created, many developments and changes come about, and geographical atmospheres with new applications are created. Atmospheres in which new environmentalism, nationalistic potentialities, flaws in democracies, cybernetic atmospheres, de-industrialization, and ethnic movements find new passageways.In the philosophy of geography, Late Dr. Hossein Shokouei is one of those renowned figures and scholars who has had great effects on Iranian geographic arena and who has an invaluable share in changes, developments and dynamism of Iranian geography.Obviously, with regard to continual developments in ideas, opinions, structure of society and governmental ideological systems on the one hand; and changes in natural environments on the other, fundamentalism in the science of geography cannot be fixed and eternal. Changes in principles and boundaries of geography illustrate the dynamism of this science in the atmosphere of thought. In our country, too, geography has not been deprived of these developments and changes in ideas. Not much time has passed since philosophical thoughts and fundamentals of philosophy of Iranian geography have been dealt with.In dealing with the importance of such trends, geographical philosophy and emphasis on political economy have been formed and can particularly consolidate geographers' studies because in the science of geography, both truth and reality are required. Geography is neutralized without philosophy (the fact of its own time) and regardless of political philosophy and its effects on the atmosphere since truths are derived from philosophy and facts from sciences.The aim of this research is to survey the views of Late Professor Shokouei regarding geography and political philosophy, and the method of study is descriptive--case.Belief in systematic thought in reaching geographic analyses, ideology and policy-making of systems ruling over geographical atmospheres, emphasis on social justice, and removing poverty from the geography of poverty in southern countries are among findings of the trend of political philosophy of this great man in geographical atmospheres.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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