Psychological Achievements
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:1 (21) |Papers Count:12

Introduction Externalizing behaviors refer to a broad set of behaviors that are distressing to others (e. g., over-reactivity, impulsivity, and aggressiveness) and represent one of the most common forms of maladjustment in children. Recent reviews of the literature have provided encouraging evidence that self determination instruction may be effective in promoting selfdetermination skills in students with disabilities, including students with behavioral problems. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that human beings have three innate psychological needs-autonomy, competence, and relatedness-that serve as experiential nutriments for growth and optimal functioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of self-determination skills training on satisfaction basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) of students with externalized behavioral problems...

Introduction Today, in many occupational environments such as nuclear, military and chemical industries, a human error can lead to a catastrophic event. In recent years, focusing on human error in industrial incidents has shown that decision making has been identified as one of the factors involved in accidents (Diehl, 1991; Jensen, 1997). In this regard, research has shown that cognitive styles significantly affect individuals' behaviors, and these styles play an important role in people's decision making (Indranil, 2008). Damasio (1995) thought that the influence of emotion on judgment and decision making depends on the individual characteristics, the characteristics of the assignments and the interactions between them. Fortunately, field-independent field-dependent cognitive styles are the most important characteristics of an individual...

Introduction One of the common psychiatric disorders in childhood and teenage age group is depression; therefore, the use of therapeutic measures to increase the participatory motivation of children with depression disorder is necessary. On the other hand, children's cognitive and linguistic limitations and their low motivation to participate in the process increase the importance of narrative therapy as a useful method in counseling and treatment. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of narrative therapy based on cognitive behavioral approach in depression symptoms and dysthymic disorders of primary school children...

Introduction Emotions have a critical role in social relationships. For successful relationship with the social world we need to manage our emotions. Emotion regulation has been referred to the processes by which individuals modify their emotions, behaviors, and thoughts in a culturally appropriate context. Through emotion regulation process people try to effectively mange and respond to their emotional experience...

Introduction Needing calmness and security is a concern which accompanies man all the time never leaving him. One way, from among the ways in harmony with human nature which helps him achieve calmness and satisfaction, is religion and connection with God. Religion and spirituality are among factors which are effective for mind health. Past studies have shown that this relation is under the influence of some mediatory factors. The aim of the present study is testing causal relationship of religiousness and spirituality with psychological adjustment regarding the mediatory role of attachment to God...

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and comparisons of Adler's Individual counseling with Ellis’ rational-emotional behavioral therapy on conduct disorder of the sixth grade elementary students of Maragheh city. Method In order to do this research, 30 students were selected, whose scores were more than 35, according to the available sampling method of the Conduct Disorder Questionnaire (RSDCD). They were placed randomly in three, Adler, Ellis, and control, groups and each group had 10 participants. The interventions of Adler and Ellis groups were conducted in eight (45 minutes) sessions during three consecutive weeks. But the control group continued their normal course of study. The research method was quasi-experimental, with pre-and post-test...

Introduction The Ministry of Education, as an institution whose main mission is to transmit cultural tenets of the Iranian society to the next generation by developing relevant curriculum in schools, tries to teach people the necessary life skills they need to meet the life challenges and succeed. This study was, thus, intended to evaluate the life skills training program in high schools in Khuzestan province using the CIPP evaluation model...

Introduction Organizations need employees who play their role beyond their duties, and help to achieve the goals of the organization by maintaining the organization's social system. In other words, organizations must have staff with high organizational citizenship behavior. One of the organizations that needs high-skilled employees is the Sports and Youth Organization, because of the rapid changes that are currently taking place in the field of sport. It is necessary that people be employed to carry out their duties more than their usual activities, sensitive and responsible to challenges of the work environment and share their information with the organization and their colleagues, in other words, do not be silence. Organizational silence, which is the deliberate avoidance of the facts about the behavior of individuals working in the organization and the organization's circumstances, can have negative effect on decisions, honesty and ethics of employees and thus lead to unwillingness, dissatisfaction and diminished commitment. In addition to the above, organizational silence can affect organizational citizenship behavior, which is one of the important categories in the management of organizational behavior...

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disturbance characterized by repeated experience of traumatic injury, avoidance of accidental stimulus and extreme arousal and negative changes in cognition and mood (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Approximately 5-6% of men and 10-12% of women experience a disorder of post-traumatic stress disorder during their lifetime (Alici, et al., 2010). One of the important symptoms of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is thought control strategies. Meta-cognitive control strategies are the responses that individuals present to control the activities of the cognitive system. Therefore, considering that, meta-cognitivebased treatment methods are considered as short-term treatments, doing research for efficiency and effectiveness of this treatment is important (Wells, 2000)...

Introduction Resiliency increases the capacity of individuals to face challenges and problems and leads to increased adaptability, and individuals achieve progress. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesized causal model of antecedents and consequences of teachers’ resiliency in different education levels. Method The statistical population consisted of all teachers working in primary, middle and secondary education in the city of Bushehr in the academic year of 1395. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster sampling. First, schools were located in three clusters: primary, middle and secondary. Then the schools were classified into two male and female clusters, and finally seven girls’ schools and seven boys' schools were selected from each level. All of the teachers in those schools were selected for this research. Thus, in the final sample 140 primary teachers, 120 middle school teachers and 140 secondary teachers were included. A total sample of 400 teachers, 200 female and 200 male...

Introduction One of the most important challenges that any community faces is divorce. In Iran, as in other countries, divorce has become a social issue. The latest studies on divorce in Iran indicate its increase. The studies emphasize the undeniable role of the individual differences between the couples or the stable personality traits that each of the spouses brings to the context of marital life. The purpose of this study is to develop a divorce discriminant equation based on the characteristics of couples’ personality...

Introduction Marital infidelity is one of the most prominent threats for the stability of the marital relationship, and also one of the most salient reasons behind divorce in different cultures. At first glance this phenomenon seems to be an individual one, but taking in mind its unpleasantness and bitter consequences for the family and children upbringing, also its effects on the security and safety of the society, it must be considered a serious, and social damage...