JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ORDER (ENTEZAM-E-EJTEMAEI)
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:13

Background and objectives: Criminal behavior is a complicated and multidimensional process which is influenced by reciprocal effects of environmental factors and individual's instinctual backgrounds. One of the major orientations in the study of criminal behavior is to investigate the link between personality tendencies and crime commission with criminal behaviors. Thus, the current article is aimed to predict self-control and affective adjustment in offenders in terms of personality traits.Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female offenders in the city of Tabriz who were being held in the Correction and education Center in 2016. Due to a limited number of population under study, all the members (60 people) were selected as the sample via census. To gather data, Eysnk Personality Questionnaire, Tanji Self-Control Questionnaire and Williams and et al.'s Affection Control Inventory were used. Data were also analyzed by the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression Analysis.Findings: The research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between personality factor of psychosis and neuroticism with self-control and affection control. As well, there was a positive and significant relationship between the personality factor of psychosis and components of rage, depressed mood, and anxiety. No positive and significant relationship was found between the personality factor of neuroticism and components of rage, depressed mood and affection control. On the one hand, regression analysis results showed that personality traits can predict self-control and affection control among offenders.Conclusion: A better understanding of offenders' personality traits can contribute to the perception, evaluation and control of affection and their self-control.

Background and objectives: Offence analysis is a major executive process for identifying and understanding a criminal act and this process includes stages of gathering and analyzing data reported and measures related to prevention and discovery. This research was aimed to create a novel method to conduct spatial analysis of crime hotspots based on cluster analysis in order to prevent and reduce crimes.Methodology: The method was descriptive-analytical where data were gathered via document and field studies from I.R.I Police sources. This article, via collecting different kinds of crimes in the last three years in the city of Ghazvin and matching it with specific environmental and social conditions, has sought to address kinds of criminal tendencies in special places which create special spaces for crimes.Findings: Upon the analysis done, one can state that the effects of spatial conditions of each urban area embracing special communities will result in creation of urban spaces.Results: In this research, a median center was taken into account for an aggregate of crimes as a criterion for comparing four groups of data of different crimes. Overall, street robberies and burglaries occur most in northern areas of cites while crimes related to cars, etc. occur in southern areas of the city.

Background and objectives: One of the main elements which improve security and makes the society healthy and desirable is social capital. Social capital is the primary factor of a civil society which arises out of people's daily interaction and deals with the creation of social communications and social networks based on the principles of trust, mutual cooperation and social action rules. The current article is aimed to investigate and measure the relation of social capital and feeling of social society in a scope of the studied study.Methodology: This research was a survey and conducted by a questionnaire. The statistical population of the stud included all women over 18 in the city of Abdanan, and the sampling method was cluster random sampling. Here, the number of 367 people was determined as the sample size by using the Cochran formula. Data were gathered by using the SPSS software and such tests as Single T Tests, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression were applied. Social capital was measured as the independent variable along with five elements of social trust, social awareness, social relations, social integration and social collaboration. As well, feeling of security was evaluated as the dependent variable in three dimensions of life, property and political security.Findings and conclusion: As peer data, from among social capital elements, social trust with a coefficient of 0.461 followed by social awareness with a coefficient of 0.382 had the highest correlation with feeling of social security. Research findings suggested a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its dimensions with feeling of social security.

Background and objectives: As a social phenomenon, vandalism can leave heavy and negative financial, mental and social impacts on the society. It can also reduce environmental quality in public spaces. Given the incidence of this phenomenon in relation with the public properties, it is imperative to address it. Parks, serving as green public places, will increase sense of participation and belonging where vandalism, as a negative issue, will reduce green public spaces functions. Thus this research was to measure the components affecting vandalism in parks and to determine indices by using a Delphi Model.Methodology: The research method was descriptive- analytical. To measure the components affecting vandalism, questionnaires were used. The sample size was determined based on Cochran formula. To analyses data, inferential statistics method was employed.Findings: Research data showed that in the parks studied, the indices of component's affecting vandalism were affecting this phenomenon differently. Given the results of statistical analysis, one can state that social components, environmental design, spatial and individual situation had the highest effects on the deponent variable of vandalism respectively. Social factors, environmental design and individual factors were effective on vandalism directly and indirectly. The spatial situation had indirect effects on vandalism.

Background and objectives: Today, one of the most significant social ills among adolescents is the emergence of risky behaviors. The current article is aimed to investigate the causes of tendency to risky behaviors among male high school students in the city of Tehran.Methodology: The research is qualitative and data were gathered via semi-structured interviews. Responses given by students were recorded and were brought on paper and they were analyzed by way of content analysis. Then, the data were categorized via open and pivotal coding procedure. From among students with problems risking being expelled, the number of 20 students was selected as the sample size.Findings: Factor were divided in two general categories; 1) individual factors of students and their needs: pleasure-seeking, curiosity gaining identity, false self-confidence and 2) background factors: contact with peers, entertainment with mobiles, wandering in virtual spaces, easy and cheap access to kinds of material, feasts and mixed parties, negative model-taking, lack of sports and entertainment spaces, parents' unawareness, labeling, and financial limitations. As well, the students were wishing for becoming wealthy and communication with the opposite sex.Conclusion: Research findings showed that the interviewed had not learnt necessary skills for dealing with their own needs and wants and paid no attention in their own behaviors to their consequences. It is thus imperative to prioritize necessary training for this age group.

Background and objectives: Collaboration is regarded as one of the most basic forms of social relations which are also a key subject in the contemporary sociology. Social collaborator is a process through which communities and group get together so as to execute the expected performance. In line with adopting a kind of collaborative policy in controlling crimes and establishing social order and security, police need popular collaboration and participation. Thus, they need to expand their own interaction and collaboration with various social groups. This article is aimed to evaluate social manners affecting level of peoples' collaboration with police in the city of Sanandaj.Methodology: This research is descriptive-correlational and was performed by using surveys. The tools was a researcher made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens in the city of Sanandaj in age groups of 20-45 and the sample size was 384 people who were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling method. Nominal and criteria validity were used for the validity estimate and Cronbach's alpha was employed for reliability estimate.Findings: Research findings suggested a relatively low collaborator level between people and police in the said city. As per the findings, there is a significant relationship between social capital, public culture, police interaction, NGOs, community-oriented policing, universal training, training of staffs and organizational culture. The highest effects on the deponent variable (collaboration) related to the variable of NGOs.

Background and objectives: Given the major role of security at stadiums with respect to people's feeling of security, this current article was aimed to investigate the role of police at nationwide stadiums.Methodology: This research was descriptive - analytical and was observational (case study). The statistical population of this study consisted of matches done in the Iranian premium league in the season of 2013-2014. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software at a£0.05 level.Finding: findings indicted lack of police forces relative to the number of spectators and good deployment of forces in non-limiting the view of spectators during the matches.Conclusion: Given the research findings, it is inferred that using police forces against each fifty spectators and appropriate deployment of police forces can be effective in furthering security goals of commanders and police forces for better establishment of matches.

Background and objectives: In their own organizational operations, called poling operations, police forces are regarded as main elements of crisis management. Under critical conditions and in policing operations, what assumes importance is to have strategic and operational approach in line with supporting operational forces. Hence, this article seeks to provide a model for supporting policing operations under critical conditions with an intra-organizational approach.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of goals and is descriptive- analytical. In this research, the views of 22 people including experts and elites of logistics and support units were used and Brainstorming and Delphi methods were employed. Meanwhile, major variables were identified and the conceptual model as well as research hypotheses was determined. As well, a researcher made questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The statistical population of this study consisted of all senior I.R.I. Police managers and commanders. From this number, the sample size was 111 people who were selected via simple random sampling Research hypotheses were tested via structural equations and PLS software.Findings: Research findings showed that supporting policing operations under critical conditions involve five dimensions of policing affairs, health affairs communications affairs, financial affairs and operational preparation.Conclusion: Research findings showed that supporting policing operations in crisis is a mid-function variable among all logistics affairs with systemic dimensions which involve such aspects as IT, financial and budgetary areas as well as operational affairs.

Background and objectives: This research was aimed to investigate the relation of social support and social security with social trust in users of public transportation (Case study: Khoram Abad Citizens).Methodology: The research methodology was a survey a d the statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens in the city of Khoram Abad (N=470642). The sample size was 285 people who were selected via multi-stage classified random sampling method, Tools for gathering data were Security Questionnaire. The reliability of the tools was reported to be good by way of Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed through Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multivariate Regression.Findings: Results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived social support and social trust of users of public transportation; affective support and social trust; instrumental support and social trust; intelligence support and social trust; and social security support and social trust. Multivariate regression analysis results showed that given the correlation coefficient of social support and social security with social trust (r=0.44), these two variables predict 0.19% of social trust of users of public transportation.Results: Affective support, instrumental support, intelligence support and social security are significantly related with social trust of citizens using public transportation. With increased or decrease of perceived social support and social security, social trust will increase or decrease.

Background and objectives: One of the most important t issues which is regarded as disrupting scial order in the modern Iran is the fact that adolescents do not comply with traditional norms governing the society which is also called "cultural deviance". Ass well, social trust is a notion related to social order, lack of which, will engender in the emergence of social ills and crises across the community. In other words, for social scientists, there is a close relationship between social trust and cultural deviance in so much as the emergence of deviance among people in the society denotes weakening of social trust. This article seeks to address this issue empirically.Methodology: This research was a survey and performed by questionnaires. The statistical population of this study consisted of 6000 students at Islamic Azad University at Gorgan Unit. The sample size was considered 361 people. To test hypotheses, Independent T tests, variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient and to test the research model regression analysis were used.Findings: The extent of social trust among students studied was 3.85 out of 5. This figure suggests level of high social trust among the research population, As well, level of cultural deviance among students was 1.9 out of 5. Results of research hypotheses indicated that the main research hypothesis stating the existence of relationship between trust and cultural deviance was confirmed. Here, given the kind of reverse relationship between the two variables, one can infer that an increase in the level of social trust, level of their cultural deviance will fall and reduced social trust will increase their cultural deviance.