JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2014 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (25)|Papers Count:14

Introduction & Objective: Biological scaffolds, composed of Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), are capable of facilitating the restructuring of a large number of tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ovine bladder scaffold of sheep, domesticated breed, on blastema cells in vitro.Materials and Methods: At first, ovine bladder o the sheep was decellularized by putting in 1% wt/vol solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours. Then to prepare the blastema tissue, the pinna of New Zealand rabbit was manually punched-hole with a special puncher and a circular blastema was separated. Thereafter, the decellularized samples were put in the middle of blastema ring and were transfered to the culture medium. To continue the study, microscope with lights of hematoxylin & eosin and pick indigo and Toluidine blue staining was used. Some samples on the day 15 and 20 of culture were studied by transitional electron microscope.Results: Collagen fibers were preserved after decellularized in matrix of bladder. Most migration of blastema cells occurred on days 15 and 20 of culture. On the day 10 and 15, some immature cells were differentiation in the pathway of adipocyte and fibroblast. On the day 15th and 20th, more blastema cells were migrated to the ovine scaffold. On the 10th and 15 day immature cell culture was seen to be differentiated from fibroblast and adipocyte cells. On the 15th day blastema cell culture differentiated from covering cells and on the 20th day from fibroblast and adipocyte cells were seen.Conclusion: Bladder scaffold has ability to induce blastema cells and causes not only blastoma cells’ migration but also to be changed to different cells. This phenomenon is very important because of no growth factor and inducer was used in culture medium.

Inroduction & Objective: Prebiotic dietary supplements that have the potential to reduce the harmful effects of infectious agents and have beneficial effects on host health. In this study, the prebiotic of yeast cell wall Saccharomyces cerevisia at different levels to evaluate the blood indices and immune indices in rainbow trout juveniles were used.Materials and Methods: To conduct this study, 120 rainbow trout fry with a mean weight 3.61±0.12 gr were randomly assigned into 12 fiberglass tub drainage volume of 100 ml distribution and breeding were given. An experiment to determine the optimum level of prebiotic effect of dietary yeast cell wall in the diet of rainbow trout fry in 1% prebiotic treatments, 1.5% prebiotic, 2% prebiotic prebiotic-free control, in a balanced design with three replications each were studied. At the end of the period rearing, blood indices and immune indices juveniles were studied.Results: The results of some blood indices such as levels of White blood cells, Red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and neutrophil counts were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups were observed in 2% and other treatments (P<0.05).The factors mean corpuscular volume and the other blood factors statistically significant difference was not observed between the treatments (P>0.05). The results showed that non-specific immune indices in blood, such as lysozyme and specific immune IgM and Ig statistically significant difference between treatment groups fed with 2 % prebiotic yeast cell wall with the other treatments and the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Based on these results it can be stated that the level of 2% prebiotic yeast cell wall used in the diet caused a significant increase in immune indices, and some blood parameters of studied, An important role in immune function and improve blood indices of rainbow trout fry can play.

Introduction & Objective: Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is used in medical sciences for treating many disorders such ovulation. Therefore, the present study investigates, the effect of prescribe of dexamethasone during pregnancy on function of pituitary-gonadal axis and number of ovary follicles of offspring of female rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, the researcher selected 40 pregnant rats that divided into control groups, sham group, and 3 experimental groups receiving 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg doses of dexamethasone, administered from the eighth day until the end of pregnancy QOD. After delivery, niether infants nor mothers received not no treatment. After puberty of female one, heart sampling was done and their ovary was separated and tissue section was taken, then plasma rate of strogen, progestron, FSH, LH and the number of ovary follicle were measured. Results were analysed with the SPSS software (V.20) and ANOVA and Duncan test (p£0.05).Results: Results of statistical analysis showed that dose dependent dexamethson causes decreases estrogen, LH and increases progesterone, FSH and decreases the number of ovary follicle.Conclusion: Dexamethasone via inhibition of LH secretion and impairment of fetal ovarian development causes stable reproductive disorders in female rats.

Introduction & Objective: This research was performed in cooperation with hatchery rainbow tout larvae “research center of Persian drug shafagh” located in kharf village of Somesara town. Growth is one of the most complex phenomena effected by the quantity and quality of food ingredients. In order to reduce the risk of these diseases, level of resistance to infections should be increased by stimulating the body immunity by improving food quality including vitamins. Since abnormal levels of vitamin D are a random factor of many diseases, the Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between growth factors and immune system of Baby rainbow trout treated with vitamin D.Materials and Methods. This test was carried out with 120 fish with an average weight of 3 gr with 10 densities in 12 fiberglass tanks .This experiment was done in 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates and 1 control group at concentration of 3000, 4000, 5000 international units of vitamin D3. Every other week, growth indices were measured and at the end the rate of white blood cells, blood vitamin D3 and total were also measured.Results: At the end of experiment, this study showed that all growth factors were more in treatments with 4000 and 5000 than other treatments and a significant difference was observed (P<0.05). Also, levels of blood vitamin D and Total immunoglobulin were statistically significantly different with other treatments at the end of experiment (P<0.05).Based on the finding it can be concluded that optimal growth was parallel with increased immune system.

Introduction & Objective: Zander, Sander lucioperca, is an important and economical fish of the Caspian Sea. Due to the decline of stock in recent years, fry with different weights are released into the rivers, ending to Caspian Sea, by Iran Fishery Organization. Study is essential on osmo-regulatory function and the formation of the structures involved, including the development of gills and skin ionocytes for optimizing releasing process into freshwater or saltwater environments.Material and Methods: Development and osmo-regulatory Function of gill, distribution and density of skin ionocytes of Caspian Sea Zanders, Sanders were examined by histology with E & H staining and immune-localization of Na+, K+-ATPase, (larvae from day 1 to day 11 after hatching.Results: Development of filaments was started from 4th days but immunofluorescence ionocytes were not observed in them. It was found weak immunofluorescence in filaments on the 8th days. The first buds of lamella were appeared with very poor immunofluorescence on the 11th days. Predominant distribution of the skin ionocytes was limited to the yolk sac membrane to 8 days after hatching and then tended to ventral region of posterior end of body. Number and surface occupied by ionocytes in Skin were increased from the first day to 11 days after hatching.Conclusion: In Caspian Sea zander larvae, development of osmoregulatory function of the gill will not be completed up to the 11th days and the skin ionocytes will be responsible for osmoregulation until this stage.

Introduction & Objective: The different researches have been done to prevent population. Ricinus communis has different properties. This study analyzes the effects of preventing castor’s generating.Material and Methods: 21 male mice from NMRI species approximately weighing 20-30 gr classified into one control group and two experimental groups. Within 30 days, the experimental groups injected as 35 and 45mg/kg body weight by castor's hydro alcoholic extract and normal saline injected to the control group. 10 days after the mice were last injected, samples taken from their blood and generating organs.The serums transmitted into laboratory for the hormones assessments and some 5 micron transversal cuts taken from their testicles, next they were painted and spermcellular classification counted. The sperm maker's diameter pipes and the germinal layer measured by 10X lens and the cells counted by100X lens. All the data were done by ANOVA statistical method and Tukey test with the p£0.05 meaningful level.Results: A meaningful decrease observed in seminiferous tubules diameter pipes in the 45 mg/kg concentration,germinal diameter layer in experimental groups and the number of spermatogony, primary spermatocyte, sperm and leydig in experimental groups in comparison to control group(0.05>p). The percentage of the moving sperms, the percentage of the sperm’s genetic substance and the sperms’ morphology demonstrated a meaningful reduction in experimental groups and the hormones assesments.

Inroduction & Objective: Peptic ulcer, from histological point is known as mucosal necrosis factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Alfalfa hydroalcoholic vegetive arial organs extract on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Rat.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 wistar rats weighting approximately (200-250g) were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, sham (normal salin), experiment 1 (extract of dose 250 mg/kg body weight) and experiment 2 (extract of dose 500 mg/kg body weight). Rats were deprived of food and then underwent surgery and gastric was by injecting 60% acetic acid after 4,7,10,14 days gavage, the rats' stomach out and then measuring the wound and fixed with 10% formalin, the passage of the tissue section was stained And the number of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts were counted.Results: Results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Alfalfa caused a significant increase in gastric ulcer healing in experimental groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). Average number of neutrophils and macrophages during the fourth day and average number of fibroblast in the fourth and seventh days showed a significant increase and in other days had decreased compared to the sham and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Alfalfa hydroalcoholic vegetive arial organs extract is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Introduction & Objective: The manner of injection in premedication medicine plays very important role in decreasing or increasing of animal's stress, disregulating of heart rate, body temperature and respiratory. Therefore, this study has performed in order to investigation of difference in usage from Acepromazine as nasal and muscular in the rabbit.Material & Methods: 12 rabbit divided to 2 equal groups. In the first group, Acepromazine was used with the dose 1.2 mg/kg of body weigth as nasal. And, in the second group, Acepromazine was used with the same dose as muscular. For getting more volume and diluting of medicine, Acepromazine injected with normal saline in the ratio of weight volume and on the basis of 0.5 mlit/kg of the body weight.Results: The mean of temperature degree in the testing group at the times of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minute did not show significant difference with the control group. The mean of respiration rate in the testing group at the 0 and10 time show significant difference with the control group but at 20, 30 and 60 minute did not show significant difference with the control group.Conclusion: The use acepromazine as intranasal as intramuscular don’t show difference in respiratory rate, and temperature.

Introduction & Objective: Vitamins are the most important nutrients that stimulating the immune system of fish. Vitamin C is considered as an essential nutrient in aquaculture. Vitamin C on Aquaculture is considered as an essential nutrient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different levels of vitamin C on blood factors and child safety of Siberian sturgeon (Acipen serbaerii).Material and Methods: In this study different levels of the vitamin C of type L-ascorbyl 2 - polyphosphate including lack of vitamin C (Treatment 1), 100 mg/kg vitamin C (Treatment 2), 200 mg/kg vitamin C (Treatment 3), 400 mg/kg vitamin C (Treatment 4), 800 mg/kg vitamin C(Treatment 5), 1600 mg/kg vitamin C (Treatment 6) in triplicate and grown for 8 weeks, were considered for breeding Siberian sturgeon. At the end of the experiment, blood and immune parameters were measured.Results: Research results indicated the highest of number of red blood cells (RBC) and vitamin C in the blood and immune factors of Siberian sturgeon in the treatment of 200 mg/kg and compared to other the other treatments showed significant differences. While no significant difference in the number of white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit and hemoglobin were observed. But the greatest value in the treatment of 200 mg per kg of vitamin C was common. In others hematologic indices MCH, MCHC showed significant differences among treatments, but statistical differences were observed in MCV levels and the highest amount of vitamin C in the treatment of 1600 ppm was common. Studies on blood safety factors of Siberian sturgeon showed a significant difference in the amount of lysozyme, IgM among treatments. But there is no significant difference between treatments in the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels and total immunoglobulin treatment was 800 mg higher than other treatments. Absence of vitamin C in the diet reduces the amount of safety factors.Conclusions:, The results showed that high vitamin C has better effects on the safety factor.