JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 (22)|Papers Count:10

Introduction & Objective: The aqueous extract of Winter cherry fruits (Physalis-alkekengi; solanacea) has long been recommended as a traditional contraceptive drug by herbalists in Iran. For this purpose we decided to study the biological effects of the aqueous extract of it on the histogenesis and organogenesis of developing Balb/C mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: Intra peritoneal injections of aqueous extract were applied in all experiments. LD50 standard was determined 20.6 g/kg of body weight in vivo conditions.Results: Results of day 4 gestation showed 9.25% exohepatic, 1.58% exohepatic together with spinabifida, 1.58% exencephal, 27% limb malformation and 1.58 fused placenta. Results of day 5 gestation revealed 13.6% with polyps in hand. Results of day 6 gestation produced 9.72% polyps in the hands and 16.7% some embryos with hemorrhage in chest, back, face and skull. Also one of the experimental placenta showed a circle of hemorrhage around umbilical cord (1.62%). Analyses of variance of the data collected from experimental groups showed a significant decrease in body and placenta weight and crown-rump measurements (p£0.05). Also showed a significant increase in the number of nucleated red blood cells and megacaryosytes in heart and liver of the experimental embryos.Conclusion: We conclude that probably physalin F is the main teratogenic agent in this species of plant, but there remain more to be done in this respect.

Introduction & Objective: Diabetes is a state of chronic hyperglycemia due to lack of secretion of insulin or the inability of cells to use insulin to happen. Probiotics also have a variety of biological activities including anti-diabetic activity. The purpose of this study is the effect of Lactobacillus on the glycemic index in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: To perform this experiment, 40 male Wistar rats were used in the four groups: control group consisted of healthy, diabetic group, and groups including the control group receiving probiotics and probiotic diabetic groups were divided. Groups of diabetic rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin diabetic levels were 60 mg/kg. Daily for 21 days, Lactobacillus casei 109 cfu TD2 as much as the gastric gavage to groups of mice were given. Finally, the blood glucose levels were evaluated.Results: The results showed that L. casei TD2 significantly (P<0.001) reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and led to significant changes in glycemic control mice received the probiotic found.Conclusion: The results suggest that L. casei strain TD2 prevent an increase in serum glucose levels in diabetic mice, are effective.

Introduction & Objective: Spreading of pollutants, including nitrate causing acute or semi-acute poisoning especially in fry fish in water, its concentration in cause interference physiological functions and cause of unknown death. purpose of this pilot study was to determine safe levels of nitrates in the water and acute effects on the gill ,liver and kidney tissues of sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) which is a valuable fish in the Caspian Sea.Materials and Methods: The concentration of the initial inception of LC10, LC50 and LC90 during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours according to OECD method, for the nitrate on larve of Acipenser persicus (weighing 2to3g) compared with the control group , were measured. As for the larve, Acipenser persicus 750, 773, 798, 823 and 850 mg per liter of nitrate was calculated. Results: The LC10 of nitrate 24, 48, 72 and 96 was 775.6097, 716.2509, 677.9556 and 669.7878 mg per liter, the LC50 nitrate 909.7434, 825.9397, 793.645 and 764.5538 mg per liter and the LC90 nitrate, 1067.074, 952.4265, 929.076 and 872.728 mg per liter, respectively. Results showed that the gills phenomena such as congestion, swelling of the primary lamella, hyperplasia, adhesions secondary lamella, hemorrhage and necrosis were observed after exposure to nitrate within 96 hours. It should be noted that the severity of injuries getting higher in the plots treated 1 to 5 treatments. In the liver of Persian sturgeon after exposure adverse effects such as hyperemia, cellular necrosis, bile record and cell atrophy was observed, but their intensity was varied in each treatment and even in some treatments may be one of the complications do not seen. In the kidney of Persian sturgeon complications such as hyperemia and bleeding, melanomacrophage, increased urinary space and hypertrophy were observed. The most common complication were in treatments 4 and 5.Conclusion: According to present study Persian sturgeon is sensitive species to nitrate and nitrite concentrations should be considered in growth stages. That not be more than declared.

Introduction & Objective: The purpose of current research is to study effect of a selected endurance training period on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of plasma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Materials and Methods: So 20 subjects (10 males & 10 females) were grouped randomly to 10 people experimental group and 10 people control group. The experimental subjects participated in 12 week endurance training (3 day a week, each session 45 minute and at 60% maximal heart rate) despite of control group. Blood sampling was done before and after 12 week period in order to measure plasma ALT using the colorimetric method. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent paired t-tests at p£0.05 significance level. Results: The results of research demonstrated that endurance training period cause significant reduction on ALT of plasma in experimental group, while that wasn't changed in control group. It was concluded that we can utilize to perform endurance training to reduce ALT of plasma in NAFLD and improve them.

Introduction & Objective: In the research undertaken in this thesis, in order to measure the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel and vanadium) in the muscle tissue of shrimp, the two sites of Helleh and Shif that are centers of Vannamei shrimp in Bushehr province were sampled during the three months of August, September and October 2012.Material and Methods: The collected samples were divided into males and females, and Polarograph was used to measure the amount of heavy metals in muscle texture.Results: The mean results of the concentration of cadmium in site of Helleh were 0.004 ppb in the muscles of both males and females; the concentration of lead in male was 0.0211ppb and in females 0.0202 ppb on a dry weight basis. Also, the mean result for cadmium in site of Shif was 0.0043 ppb in the muscle of males and 0.0037 ppb in females, and the concentration of lead in males was 0.0218 ppb and in females 0.0216 ppb on a dry weight basis. Finally, the accumulation of metals Pb>Cd at both sites of Helleh and Shif was obtained. The accumulation of lead and cadmium in both sites is positively correlated with the length of shrimp, and the extent of absorption of the two metals, lead and cadmium, had a moderate positive correlation However, the accumulation of nickel and vanadium in both sites was not detectable by PolarographConclusion. Comparing these results with international standards such as the World Health Organization shows that the concentration of lead, cadmium, nickel, and vanadium is less than the limit, and Accumulation of metals and therefore probably intended for export as well as consumer health will make it difficult to raise.

Introduction & Objective: The effects of the probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici, commercially known as Bactocell on some immunological parameters in the fingerlings of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were investigated at the Parsian cold water fish hatchery located in Chaboksar in the Gilan Province in the autumn of 2012. Materials and Methods: A total of 3600 fingerlings with an average weight between 3 and 5 g were randomly stocked in equal numbers in 12 channels. Three experimental feeds comprising 100, 200 and 300 g of bactocell per ton feed and one control feed were tested in three replicates while the experiment lasted 8 weeks. Fish were fed three times a day and feeding rates were adjusted to their body weight and water temperature. Five fish were randomly selected from each group at the end of the forth week and at the end of the eighth week and blood samples were collected and analyzed for Biochemical analyses and also conducted to determine levels of lyzozyme enzyme (lgM), total protein, complement CH50, SGOT, SGPT and glucose.Results: Results obtained from this study indicate that the inclusion of the probiotic Bactocell in the diets of rainbow trout fingerlings resulted in the increase in  concentration of levels of lyzozyme enzyme, immune globulin and compliment CH50 , Albumin  and total protein in treatments which contain probiotic Bactocell than those found in the controls treatments .Although the differences were not significant (P>0.05) and after eight weeks the amount of mentioned enzymes had increasing trend than mid periods of the experiment (end of fourth  weeks).Conclusion: Increasing of those enzymes in blood serum of fingerlings is an indicator of immune system activities that could cause increase in the resistance of rainbow trout fingerings towards pathogenic factors and environmental stimuli.

Introduction & Objective: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent that is very useful today and is administered intravenously. Effect of Vitamin C on the central nervous system are similar to amphetamines is the moderation of central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol anesthesia following treatment with vitamin C in male dogs.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 dogs were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 as control (no treatment), and group 2 and anesthetic with propofol group 3 to 5, respectively treated with 100 mg/kg of body weight dose of vitamin C, treated with 250 mg/kg of body weight dose of vitamin C, treated with 500 mg/kg of body weight dose of vitamin C and then anesthetized with propofol. Pre and postoperative vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were recorded during anesthesia. Before and after anesthesia vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and anesthesia time were recorded.Results: The comparison of parameters before and after of anesthesia induction don’t show significant differences between the experimental and control group. Moderate doses of vitamin C leads to a decrease in body temperature after the anesthesia induction. On the other hand, high doses of vitamin C leads to a reduction in the duration of anesthesia compared with control group.Conclusion: High-dose of vitamin C can be used as pre-anesthetic in dogs which there are long-term risks of anesthesia.

Introduction & Objective: Most of Bacillus cereus isolates can cause diarrhoeal and emetic types of food poisoning. The diarrhoeal illnesses can be caused by hemolysin BL (HBL), non-hemolytic (NHE) and cytotoxin K. Use of meat products is common nowadays. There is no precise report of B. cereus contamination in Iran, therefore it is important to study in this case.Materials and Methods: 80 meat products were collected form stores in Zanjan then the samples were cultured in PEMPA. Following the biochemical tests, the bacterial colonies were identified by PCR. Then B. cereus isolates were checked for NHE complex genes by specific primers using PCR.Results: Results showed that 32 samples of 80 were contaminated with B. cereus. The NHE complex genes were found in 14 samples. The results of this study have shown that NHE PCR is a prompt, reliable method for differentiation between non-enterotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic isolates of B. cereus. Conclusion: Enhancing awareness about virulence and prevalence of genes involved in food poisoning would be effective in the prevention of food poisoning.