JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:11

In recent decades environment has been an important issue more than any other time. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality indicator in selected developing countries (including 32 country) for the period 2002-2013 by using a dynamic panel method based on generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economics growth and degradation of environment (environmental quality degradation), which means that an increase in environment degradation indicator increased the economic growth.This case is because of the rate of resource depletion begins to exceed the rate of resource regeneration and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the studied countries.The results of Sargen and Arellano-bond autocorrelation test also respectively show, there is correlation between tools and component disruption and model does not have autocorrelation in the first order difference. Meanwhile results of Toda and Yamamoto Causality test show the existence of unilateral relationship from the Environment Degradation indicator to Economic Growth.

Investigating economic aspects of pollutant emissions and their consequences, especially due to its increasing trend, is among important issues and accordingly in recent years much attention has been paid to its destructive impacts. In the present study, the impact of economic growth and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions and existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is investigated. STRIPAT model framework was formed for the test and fixed impact parametric and semi-parametric panel data models were estimated for Asian countries from 2000 through 2014.Despite the fact that parametric panel data method didn' t confirmed existence of inverted-U relationship for both models, but semi-parametric panel data confirmed EKC hypothesis just for economic growth and CO2 emissions variables.

The main objective of this paper is to measure multidimensional poverty index (MPI) based on Alkire and Foster method and analyzing incidence and intensity of poverty in Iran in three dimensions for the period of 1989-2014. In this study, households’ incomeexpenditure raw data published by the Statistical Center of Iran was used. The results show that the incidence and intensity and MPI are decreased in this period of study. The most incidence and intensity of poverty belongs to 1989. Also, the poverty incidence of rural areas is more than in urban areas in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2014, but intensity of poverty in rural areas is more than urban areas in all years. Finally, the development plans have decreased MPI during all the period of 1989-2014.

This paper investigates the threshold effects of income inequality on economic growth in developing countries for the period of 2000 to 2012, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear relationship among variables. The results indicate that threshold value for developing countries is 0.43 and the estimated slope parameter is 0.35. In the first regime the impact of income inequality is positive and in the second regime has a negative impact on economic growth. human capital in the both regimes has symmetric and consistent effect on economic growth.Other results indicate that population growth and trade openness had been asymmetric effect on economic growth in the both regimes.

The present study aims at analysing the effects of financial development on industrial concentration and regional economic growth in Iran.For this aim, we have specified econometrics models and estimated them by using spatial system dynamic panel data (Arellano-Bover/ Blundell-Bond) for 28 provinces of Iran over the period 2001-2011 The results indicated that financial development has a positive and meaningful effect on regional economic growth and regional economic growth has a positive and meaningful effect on the financial development and financial development does not meaningful effect on industrial concentration.

In this survey, the perfect capital mobility has been examined on the basis of saving incidence on gross capital formation in selected Asian countries during (2005-2012). For this aim, panel data based on generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to examine the model. The empirical results show that investment and savings changes are aligned in these countries and there is a positive relationship between them. According to empirical results, one percent rise in saving will increase investment by 0.03 percent. So, assumption of perfect immobility of capital is not rejected in this survey. Despite the fact that imperfect capital mobility can decrease the effect of global economy volatility on domestic economy, but still effectiveness and efficiency of macroeconomic fiscal policy should be considered. According to traditional method of Mundell-Fleming, not only exchange rate system can influence the degree of macroeconomic fiscal policy effectiveness, but also capital mobility can be effective too. So, strengthing the legal infrastructure of foreign capital absorbtion and assurance, and domestic financial market development and reducing foreign investment risk can be effecive in incresing the degree of capital mobility.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been studied by many researchers.These studies have been confirmed one of the four hypotheses in this field (growth assumptions,, neutral or have) according to the studied time period and country.This study investigates the causal relationship between oil consumption and GDP in Iran during 1967 to 2013.To achieve this aim, Markov switching model -Autoregressive (MS-AR) and Granger causality test were applied. The findings showed that the relationship between GDP and oil consumption had two regime structure in Iran. Results of the MS models showed that causality relationship between GDP and oil consumption (OC) was changed during economic regimes. Moreover, the evidences of bidirectional Granger causality (GC) were found between the variables in the first regime, while there was no GC between the variables in the second regime.

Quality of government intervention in the economy or in other words the efficiency and effectiveness of government, has a close relation with the development.Because policy makers are often ineffective, inefficient bureaucracy will be created. The inefficiency of the government can be very dangerous for development and economic security and will lead to waste of resources, monopolism, mistrust of government, economic instability and inappropriate institutionalization. This research examines the empirical relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of government and economic growth in the context of GMM model using combined data for 121 countries of the world in the period from 1996 to 2013 in two separate groups for developing as well as developed coutries. The results show the positive impact of the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending on economic growth.

Iran as a developing country, having massive energy resource endowments is one of the examples of growth pattern with pressure on natural resources. energy as inputs in agriculture of Iran has particular importance.Reviewing the energy consumption in the agricultural sector, shows that, along with increased production and consumption of energy, including oil products and electricity, the value added of this sector is increased during the different years. But the fundamental question that arises is what causes the expansion of energy consumption in the agricultural sector of Iran. Is this increase was influenced by the expansion of trade and development? With this approach, in this study was investigated the relationship between economic development, diversification, trade liberalization and energy intensity in agriculture of Iran. In order to achieve this goal, by using modeling algorithms Fomby, relationship between diversification index, the share of agriculture in GDP and trade liberalization with energy intensity identifying and then in the framework of Johansen-Juselius cointegration model was examined for the period 1981-2012. The drought in 2008 as an effective dummy variable were considered in the short term. The results of this study showed existence of longterm relationship between the variables. So that, the effect of diversification and trade liberalization on energy intensity were positive and effects of share of agriculture was negative on energy intensity. The diversification was the most effective variable on energy intensity index. Because with a 1% increase in diversification, energy intensity will be reduced by 12.31%. The error correction coefficient was significant at the level of 1%. This subject shows that energy intensity shall be adjusted towards the long-run equilibrium by 0.09% per year.

Corruption is defined as the manipulation of power by private and public authorities to achieve personal and individual goals. Many articles have been written about the factors formed corruption that a wide range of variables to be included. In this article we will examine the role of a factor in the corruption forming that had not been studied yet. This factor is combining economic activities. The combining economic activities is defined by using of the ratio of the industrial value added in GDP and the ratio of the services sector value added in GDP. Also, the main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of combining economic activities on corruption, using the data for 60 developing countries from 1995 to 2014. In this regard, we use six variables including corruption, government size, democracy, GDP per capita, the ratio of the value added in the industrial sector to the GDP and the ratio of the value added in the service sector to the GDP. Our hypothesis is that combining economic activities is effective on corruption. In this paper, 2 GMM models are estimated.The results indicate that variables of democracy, GDP per capita and the ratio of the industrial sector to GDP has a positive relationship with corruption index. That is, an increase in these variables reduces the level of corruption. Also, the variables of government size and the ratio of service sector to GDP have a negative relationship with corruption index which means an increase in these two variables raises the level of corruption.