JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:4 (40) |Papers Count:7

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical factor leading to a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. Substance P-mediated inflammation is reported to attenuate the neuroprotective PPAR-γ . In This study, we determined the effects of aprepitant, a substance P-NK1 receptor antagonist in bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) induced I/R brain injury. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into4 groups ( Control-Ischemia-Vehicle and experimental). Ischemia model was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Aprepitant (40mg/kg) was administered twice, one hour beforethe ischemia and one hour after the reperfusion. After 72 hours, Brains were removed and prepared for Nissl staining. Data depicted that significant differences were seen in the number of viable Pyramidal cells in CA1 region between control and ischemia groups whereas there are no significant deference between experimental and control groups. It may be concluded that aprepitant can reduce post-ischemic tissue lesions, so may candidate for the treatment of I/R brain damage.

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) is one of the most important agricultural plants in the world. It is propagated predominantly by asexual methods. The traditional methods for asexual propagation of the plant faced important problems. Therefore, the seed tubers can be replaced by micro tubers produced by tissue culture. The aim of this study is search about effect of different concentrations of CaCL2 and MgSO4 in media culture In vitro in histological-cellular variations of the microtubers. In this study solid and liquid MS media were used to prepare sterilized seedlings and micro tuberization. The concentrations of 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2 times more than standard concentrations of the mentioned compounds in MS medium were used in separate induction media. Induction was done in the alternating photoperiod. In order to the developmental and anatomical studies cross sections of microtubers was prepared and studied by light microscopy. The number of cell rows, the dimensions of the cells and the starch content of the parenchymal tissues of microtuber were analyzed. the results showed significant variations in histological features of the microtubers developed in media containing different concentrations of macronutrients. CaCL2 with concentrations of 0. 5 to 1 time more than standard concentration in MS medium yielded maximum number of cell rows and maximum starch granules content. However, the presence of a minimum amount of magnesium is essential for the formation of the micro tubers. But there is no statistically significant effect on cellular changes of microtubers and starch content.

Asparagus officinalis L. belongs to the Asparagaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Its different species are used as anticancer, antifunji and anti inflammation. It is cultivated for medicinal, ornamentation, and food purposes. Target of this study focuses on the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs and the flower developmental stage of Asparagus officinalis L. that collected from Dezful City. To study the vegetative organs including root, stem, leaf, and generative organs, vegetative and generative samples collected in different stages of development and investigated by the conventional methods of cellular-histology and the optical microscope in biotechnology laboratory of the University of Science and Researches, in 1395. Observation of vegetative organ structures showed that roots Vascular Cambium include pericycle, vascular bundles (Xylem, phloem) and pith. Central cylinder of stem, is an atactostel, and Vascular Bundles are scattered irregularly and are the uni-strain type. The ovules of this plant are anatropous and its embryo sac is Polygonum type. The pollen of this plant is monosulcate and the ornamentation of its exine is poriferous. The results of this study showed that the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs and the developmental stages of pollen and pistil of this plant is similar to the anatomical and developmental structure of the monocotyledons.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and control of experimental mouse IBD. L. citrodoria was administered (50, 150. 200 mg/kg) through drinking water to IBD mice (induced by intrarectal administration of acid-induced). Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic examination of colon were performed. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) concentration as indicators of free radical activity and cells lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that the activity of MPO and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) increased in acetic acid-treated group while recovered by pretreatment of animals with L. citrodoria (50, 150, 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone. L. citrodoria (50-100mg/kg) and prednisolone. L. citrodoria (50-200 mg/kg) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid – treated group. The benefical effect of L. citrodoria ( 200mg/kg) was comparable to that of prednisolone. It is concludes that the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials of L. citrodoria might be the mechanisms by which this extract protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human

The Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldwide for the protection of the environment. The aim of this research was to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the root of Vetiver, measurement of secondary metabolites and investigation of the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic extract. In order to identify the chemical compounds present in the root, various phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized. The quantity of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol of the Vetiver root was determined by spectroscopy methods. The data shows that extracts of Vetiver root contains bioactive compounds belonging to various families such as tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the tests conducted it was shown that by increasing the density of Vetiver root extracts, the quantity of phenolics, flavonoid, flavonol and antioxidant capacity significantly increased. The high rate of production of phenylpropanoid compounds with high antioxidant capacity is very important in the adaptability of plants under unfavorable cultivation conditions. Based on these results, Vetiver may be used as a source of antioxidants in the isolation of active ingredients and drug manufacturing to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Based on these results, the Vetiver can be attention as a natural source of antioxidants in the isolation of active compounds and production drugs to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Semen analysis is one of the most important methods that reflects the fertility potential of men. Many factors lead to infertility in men, among which urogenital bacterial infections seem to play an effective role. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the frequency of bacterial infection in men with different infertility factor. Then, the effect of bacteriospermia was studied on the basic semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes. In this study, 98 semen samples from infertile men with male-factor infertility were collected. The semen samples were analyzed based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and categorized to four groups with male factor infertility. About 0. 5-1 mL samples were prepared and used to inject into oocytes. To evaluate bacterial infection, the remaining samples were transported to microbiological laboratory during 1 hour to culture using standard bacteriological techniques. The bacterial infections such as E. coli (12. 24%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (28. 57%) were detected in 40. 81% of the cultured samples. The basic semen parameters such as concentration, progressive motility, viability (p<0. 05), and normal morphology (p<0. 01) of sperms were decreased in the samples with bacterial infections. The clinical pregnancy was also decreased in the bacteriospermia groups (p<0. 05). In conclusion, the presence of bacteriospermia could influence basic semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes, subsequently.

Microgravity has many effects on the physiological systems. Studying these changes is useful to help astronauts, improve human life and to answer biology questions. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of microgravity on the development of central vein in rat embryos and therapeatic effect of folic acid. Fertilization animals were randomly divided into five groups: control group, the first experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the second experimental group who received an edible daily dose of Folic acid (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the third experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 1-19. 5 of pregnancy), the fourth experimental group who received Folic acid and exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy). Hindlimb unloading model was used to establish ground-based-model of microgravity. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryo was removed, fixed, stained using H&E, and studied under the microscope. Data analyzed using SPSS and One-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The results indicated that exposure to microgravity can produce abnormal central vein. Although folic acid consumption alone does not show a meaningful impact, its consumption combined with microgravity can improve central vein morphology that suggests no need for folic acid in normal condition.