Payesh
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Objective (s): Performance and efficiency evaluation always is a process that analyzes the healthcare organizations. Hospitals in order to provide medical services and to fulfill their mission also require this type of evaluation. This paper aimed to review the efficiency studies of the hospitals in Iran.Methods: We attempt to evaluate the efficiency of hospitals using keywords such as hospital efficiency, performance evaluation, data envelopment analysis, stochastic frontier analysis. In all 1150 articles were identified. Of these 52 articles assessed the performance of hospitals and 18 articles investigated the efficiency. These papers evaluated 262 hospitals affiliated to medical universities nationwide.Results: This systematic review showed that the highest efficiency was related to the hospitals in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2005-2008 and the lowest performance was determined for the West Azerbaijan province in 2009. Also, the highest efficiency of the management of the hospitals was related to the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 1386 and the highest scale efficiency was related to Hamadan of Medical Sciences in 2010.Conclusion: Since there were a number of inefficient hospitals, it is necessary for policy makers to adopt solutions for efficiency promotion and appropriate distribution of resources. Additionally, it is recommended that the officials design an specific databases to evaluate efficiency regularly.

Objective (s): Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. This review was carried out to assess obesity among Iranian primary school students.Methods: All cross-sectional studies that conducted on prevalence of obesity in adolescents in Iran without any restrictions was examined. The search engines included national and international databases including: Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, Scopus and PubMed in August 2015. Stata software version 12 was used for analysis of data and to obtain a summary measure.Results: In all 25 papers had the inclusion criteria for the study. Studies showed that the prevalence of obesity in Iranian primary school students was 7.18 percent (95% CI: 5.63-8.73). The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than girls (8.02% vs.6.07 %).Conclusion: This information might help to implement interventions to prevent obesity among Iranian primary school students. It seems that implementing interventions that aim to improve lifestyle and dietary patterns of this age group range are essential.

Objective(s): Given that a significant proportion of traffic accidents deaths in Tehran is related to the pedestrians, this study was conducted to determine high and low risk points leading to pedestrians-related injury in the central area of Tehran, 2014- 2015.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all pedestrian-related traffic accidents that had occurred during April 2014-March 2015 in the district 6 of Tehran. We used police and municipal databases. Zoning maps were used to show distribution of traffic crashes events. Moran index and Getis-Ord G were used for determining the distribution pattern of pedestrian-related traffic accidents and the analysis of hot spots (high-risk areas), respectively.Results: In all 514 events were reviewed. The most and least frequent crashes had occurred in May (62 cases) and April (22), respectively.370 (71.9%) events had happened in the main streets followed by secondary streets (133 events, 25.2%) and in highways (11 events, 2.1%). Although Vali Asr street had most frequent events (67 cases), but most frequent rate of crashes had occurred in the Azadi street between Navab street and Enghelab square (18.11 events in each Km). Moran statistic shows that the distribution of events had cluster pattern (P<0.001). Getis-Ord General G also indicated that distribution of hot and cold spots of events were statistically significant (P=0.002).Conclusion: The results indicated that southern areas of district 6 in Tehran, specifically the leisure and business centers, commercial centers, bus terminals, were the most dangerous areas for pedestrian-related traffic accidents. Considering the results of this study in addition to identifying other environmental and social factors affecting pedestrian-related traffic accidents can help to reduce the rate of pedestrian deaths.

Objective (s): Problem-solving skills are essential to reduce conflicts and interpersonal and interpersonal problems. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate an optimal model for social studies for primary school curriculum with emphasizing on problem-solving skills.Methods: This was a field study. The proposed model for social studies course in primary school was presented with four elements: objectives, content, teaching and learning methods and evaluation. Then curriculum specialists and primary school teachers evaluated the proposed model. The data were collected by a designed questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage tables) and inferential statistics (chi-square test).Results: In all 45 curriculum specialists and a random sample of 360 primary school teachers were participated in the study. More than 85 percent of curriculum specialists and primary school teachers have evaluated the model. There was not a significant difference between curriculum specialists and primary school teachers about the desirability of the proposed elements in this model (P>.05).Conclusion: The proposed model that was found to be acceptable and it seems that could improve mental health in primary school students.

Objective (s): Assessing quality of life in elderly needed specific instrument. The Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35) is one of the common measure used for assessing quality of life of the elderly. This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of OPQOL-35, in Iran. This questionnaire consists of 35 items measuring life overall, health, social relationships and participation, independence, control over life and freedom, home and neighborhood, psychological and emotional well-being, financial circumstances, leisure, activities and religion.Methods: Forward-backward procedure was used to translate the questionnaire into Persian. Then, face validity and content validity was performed. Data were collected from 200 older people. In order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (elders living alone vs. elder living with family or someone) was performed. The correlation between the OPQOL- 35 and SF-36 was tested to establish criterion validity. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) using test- retest analysis.Results: The result of known- groups comparisons showed that quality of life in elders living alone was significantly lower than other elders (P<0.001). Criterion validity represented a significant correlation between Persian version of the OPQOL-35 and the SF-36 (P<0.001, r=0.626). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.95. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-week interval were between 0.88 and 0.95.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Iranian version of OPQOL-35 is a valid measure for assessing quality of life in elderly populations in different settings.

Objective (s): The aim of the present study was to design and validate a protection motivation theory based questionnaire in relation with tobacco use among young population of Iran.Methods: The items of the questionnaire were first formulated through the use of qualitative content analysis guided by the male high school students. Then the psychometric features of the questionnaire were tested with the use of face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and stability.Results: The primary questionnaire was formed including 64 items. After content validity three items were omitted. Also 6 items were removed after face validity and overall the questionnaire was reduced to 55 items. The results of factor analysis showed the existence of nine factors for protection motivation theory including perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, fear, perceived self-efficacy, response cost, efficiency of the perceived response, perceived extrinsic reward, perceived intrinsic reward and protection motivation. These nine factors totally explained 60.17 % of the variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factors of protection motivation theory. The values of Cronbach’s alpha for the constructs of the questionnaire varied from 0.77-0.95 to 0.85-0.93.Conclusion: The designed questionnaire had good validity and can be used for measuring the predictors of tobacco use among the youth population of Iran.

Objective (s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Sexual Quality of Life-Male (SQOL-M) questionnaire.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using a standard translation technique, the English version of the SQOL-M was translated into Persian language. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity, construct validity, convergent and known groups validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the internal consistency and test-retest reliability was conducted to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results: The exploratory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor solution with good item-total correlations. Convergent validity showed satisfactory correlation between the international index of erectile function (IIEF) and its subscales with the SQOL-M. The known groups validly discriminated between men with and without erectile dysfunction (p<0.001). Reliability evaluation was demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and ICC were 0.94 and 0.95 respectively).Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of SQOL-M instrument had a good structural characteristic and it is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the male sexual quality of life.

Objective (s): The male personality trait may be related to contraceptive method use and unwanted pregnancy. The main purpose of this study was to analyze whether personality trait of the men influences the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy.Methods: In a descriptive correlation study, a total number of 600 pregnant women, attending to Babol antenatal clinics in Bobol public and private medical centers, were randomly selected. A standardized Personality Questionnaire Short Form was used to elicit information about characteristics of the personality traits. The statistical associations between unwanted pregnancy and the personality trait were then investigated using logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was 14%. In the wanted pregnancy, the average scores for the men personality trait with extraversion (p=0.031), agreeableness (p=0.001) and conscientiousness (p=0.003), was higher than unwanted pregnancy. After adjusting for possible confounding variables, the results shown a significant association between the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and conscientiousness (95% CI, 0.908-0.977, p=0.0001) and agreeableness (95% CI, 0.901-0.976, p=0.02). Nevertheless, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) showed no significant associations between neuroticism, extroversion and openness with unwanted pregnancy.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the male personality trait had a strong effect on the incidence of unwanted pregnancy.

Objective (s): Many women throughout their life cycle experience unintended pregnancy and need to decide on continuing or terminating it. In addition, elective abortion is illegal and forbidden in some countries and hence, unintended pregnancy is a matter of great sensitivity and importance for women who live in such countries. Currently, there is no measurement tool for assessing women’s decision-making status facing an unintended pregnancy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a measure for assessing women’s decision-making about their unintended pregnancies.Methods: The present study was a sequential exploratory study. In the first section, the decision-making process of unintended pregnant women was explored using the content analysis approach. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview by 23 participants in Tabriz. In the second section, items were formed based on the meaning units, which extracted from qualitative section. The validity of the instruments was assessed using face, content and constructs validity. For evaluation of face validity, qualitative and quantitative (item impact score) methods were used. The content validity was assessed by 15 experts. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. The sample size was calculated by multiplying the number of items by ten. Internal consistency, and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of the instruments.Results: The instrument had 4 components and 27 items. The components of the instrument included: avoidance-justification strategies, resistance against accepting the pregnancy, analytical strategies and confirmatory strategies. Four components explained 50.81% of variance. The instrument was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach's a=0.86) and adequate test-retest reliability (ICC=0.94).Conclusion: The present instrument a valid measure related to unintended pregnant women’s decision-making.

Objective (s): Pregnancy is one of the most critical periods during a woman’s life and might cause excessive psychological and physical changes for becoming mothers. These changes some times are not positive and may lead to tension and occurrence of anxiety that originates from different sources including parenting challenges. This study aimed to focus on these challenges.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted on pregnant anxious women who were referring to primary health care services. A purposive sampling and semi structured in-depth interviews was used to collect data and were analyzed using MAXQDA software.Results: In all 28 pregnant women (18-41 years old) from different social background precipitated in the study. Two themes emerged as parenting challenges: functioning inability as mother and worry ness in parenting skills.Conclusion: The finding suggests that training and enforcement about maternal role especially during pregnancy has a critical role for controlling pregnancy-induced anxiety.

Objective (s): Health education campaigns play an important role in improving public’s health. This study aimed to evaluate the Health Citizen’ campaign in Tehran, Iran. The campaign was launched by the Tehran municipality and included health statements on nutrition, physical activity, smoking and risky behaviors using billboards and lasted for a month (January 2016).Methods: A population-based survey was conducted in Tehran and a random sample of adults living in different districts of Tehran was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. They were asked whether they have seen the campaign or not. Then a number of questions related to the campaign including items on attention, remembering the main idea, relevance, design and place were examined. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data.Results: In all 1196 individuals took part in the study (561 female and 615 male). Of these 491 (41%) indicated that they have seen the campaign. Of those who seen the campaign 85% (n=415) said that they could remember the main idea, and 95% of participants (n=466) believed that the campaign was informative, convincing (n=426, 87%), believable (n=455, 93%), and well done (n=387, 79%). In addition the data analysis showed that 90% (n=443) of participants indicated that messages were worth remembering, interesting (n=437, 89%), and personally relevant (n=331, 67%). Participants also indicated that the best way for communicating health messages are electronic media (n=287, 58.5%), and billboards (n=279, 56.6%).Conclusion: It seems that communicating health messages via billboards received well by participants and could be repeated in different occasions in order to put health in public’s agenda.