Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Year:2015 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:18

Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome (BMES) is an uncommon, self-limited and with unknown etiology characterized by severe pain with no history of trauma. Due to low prevalence of BMES and its non-specific signs, correct diagnosis is often delayed intensifying bone pain and impairing patients’ function and quality of life. In this study we treated a patient with bone marrow edema syndrome in right ankle with Iloprost successfully that suffered pain in this region almost 4 months and NSAID, physiotherapy and steroid treatments was not benefited.

Identifying global and regional food consumption patterns, which vary in different countries, races, social classes, and cultures will be beneficial in training individuals, promoting food literacy, and nutrition policy making. In order to compare Iranian and global food consumption patterns, a number of relevant key terms were selected and the existing quality literature databases (both in English and in Persian) were queried for manuscripts related to the subject. The articles were published until the current time (2014). Manual searches were also performed on regional and national projects in Iran. Finally, out of 65 studies on various food patterns, 39 were recruited. Our findings indicated that per capita calorie consumption in Iran is higher than the recommended daily values. In fact, per capita intakes of bread and rice, oil, and sugar were respectively 5%, 20%, and 38% higher than the rates in the standard food basket. In addition, consumption of milk and dairy products, eggs, and fruits and vegetables was 25%, 20%, and 25% lower than the recommended values, respectively. Changes in global food consumption patterns suggested a nutrition transition leading to serious undesirable effects on people’s health. Therefore, nutrition policy making and planning is needed to focus on controlling the nutrition transition while bearing sociocultural aspects of food consumption in mind.

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenic metabolic disease in which hyperglycemia leads to glycosylation of red blood cells membrane and damage of bone marrow stem cells. Because of high flavonoid content of Prangos ferulacea Lindl, the effects of its aqueous- alcoholic extracts on hematologic incidences of diabetic male rats have been studied.Materials & Methods: In this study, 60 adult male rats of Wistar race, (body weight 200±20 g) were divided randomly into 6 groups of 10 members. The control group did not receive any medication or herbal extract, while the blank group received the solvent alone. Test group 1 was administered by 300 mg/kg of body weight (bw) Prangos ferulacea extract as gavages. Test group 2 received only 60 mg/kg. bw intraperitoneal strptozotocin. Test group 3 and 4 were administered by 300 mg/kg.bw and 600 mg/kg.bw Prangos Ferulacea extract, respectively. After 28 days of administration, the serum of all groups were collected and the hematologic parameters were assessed. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test. In all tests, we normally worked with significance value of 0.05.Result: According to the statistical results, Test group 2 showed a significant decrease in RBC, HCT, Hb, and MCH in comparison with control group, while test groups 3 and 4 showed an enhancement in RBC, HCT, Hb, and MCV parameters comparing the test group 2.Conclusion: It is concluded that aqueous-alcoholic extract prangos ferulacea L. can improve some hematologic incidences including red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

Background & Objective: Some efforts have been made for keeping cryopreservation of gametes and embryos safe, including new vitrification methods of the ovary. This study evaluates the effect of ethylene glycole vitrification on follicular morphology of ovarian rat.Materials & Methods: Eighty ovaries belonging to 40 rats are divided into 2 groups. Twenty five ovaries are control group, 25 the vitrification, and30 toxicologic effects. For freezing, equilibrium solution, ethylene glycole and methyl sulfoxide are used. For defreezeing, different concentrations of saccharose and for morphological evaluation, H&E staining are undertaken. The number of healthy and atretic follicles are determined after 24 hours, 1 week and one month after vitrification.Results: No morphological changes are observed in all follicular cells. The percent of primordial, primary, secondary, anthral and developed follicles in the vitrification group are 34.5%, 17.7%, 17.4%, 15.2% and 50.3%. In vitrification and toxicological groups, the percent of both normal and atretic follicles is 47.5% and 11.9%. These figures for the control group were 59.7% and 16.9%. In vitrification method, 91% of oocytes are viable, 81% have mitosis, and 50% enters blastocyst stage.Conclusion: Because in vitrification of ovary in comparison with the follicles, many types of follicles in different cycles can be recovered with no morphological and structural changes, vitrification of ovary can be a safe method for cryopreservation of the oocytes

Background & Objective: HCV infection may be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus in a low percentage; however, it is the most important route of infancy HCV infection. The chance of HCV transmission in HIV/HCV coinfected mothers is higher than that in HCV mono-infected ones. The aim of this study is to assess HCV infection status in orphan newborns in Shiraz, Iran by quantitative PCR assay and HCV core-Ag Elisa.Materials & Methods: Twenty nine HCV suspected infants, 2-7 months old, were evaluated for HCV and HIV antibodies, HCV core antigen and quantitative genome viral load.Results: Although HCV-Ab was detected in all the studied infants, HCV-RNA was not detected in plasma or Peripheral Blood Mono-Nuclear Cells (PBMCs). HIV 1, 2 Abs were not detected in none of them, either.Conclusion: A few studies have been conducted on the HCV transmission from infected mothers to their infants. According to the present results, assessment of HCV viral load and HCV core-Ag can serve as reliable tests for the prediction or exclusion of HCV infection from mothers to infants.

Background & Objective: Breast milk is the best food for infants and provides all nutritional needs for child health. Some studies have been done on the factors affecting breastfeeding, and partly, the role of factors such as maternal diseases and wrong recommendations are known.Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study with descriptive and analytical aspects. The sample includes 355 people from Tehran. Data were collected through questionnaires and were analyzed with SPSS software and statistical test. Significant level was considered at the 0.05.Results: The average of age, weight, and height of the subjects were 42.09 years, 67.2 kg and 160.3 cm respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.15. More than half of mothers (59.5%) were overweight or obese. In addition, 55.5% had higher education. 45.4% of mothers had 2 children. The average age at first birth, and last was, 24.22 and 30.86 years, respectively. 58.7% of mothers were taking Oral Contraceptives Pills (OCPs). 11.9% of mothers had never breastfed their children. The average duration of breast-feeding was 11.75 months. This study suggests that there is no statistically significant relationship between the duration of breast feeding and age, height, educational level, place of work, taking OCP, exercise and emotional status of the mother (P>0.05). However, it is associated with gaining weight and increase of BMI and age at first birth and increases with them.Conclusion: Mothers breastfed their children about a year and duration of breastfeeding were associated with body mass index and age at first birth.

Background & Objective: In order to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ergonomic approach, all effective factors in occurrence of disorders, should be evaluated. This approach can provide an optimal solution for the omission or reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the present study is ergonomic evaluation of nurses’ risk of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and the effect of 8-week selected corrective exercises and ergonomic occupational interventions on their exposure rate. Materials & Methods: For ergonomic evaluation of nurses’ risk of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, Nordic questionnaire and Quick Exposure Check of the factor risk were applied for 6 tasks of nurses. Results: 85.7% of nurses reported occupation as the major factor for musculoskeletal disorders and 89% of nurses’ tasks studied were in high or very high risk. There was a significant difference in care techniques used by nurses (P<0.05). Moving up patients (87.7%) had the highest risk and giving drugs (66.2%), determining the vein (65.1%), dressing a wound, participation in visiting patients (59.9%), and reporting (51.1%) were in the following risk orders. After 8 week corrective exercises and ergonomic interventions there was a significant reduction in the risk rate of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders in 6 tasks by nurses (P<0.05 ).Conclusions: The results show that high risk level was a sign for susceptible conditions and workplaces in the hospital and corrective technique of moving up patients and improved conditions for moving up patients, improved other care techniques and selected corrective exercises reduced the risk level.

Background & Objectives: Demyelination by Ethidium bromide is one of the ways that is usually used for preparing experimental models of MS. Treatment with estrogen protects oligodendrocyts from cell poisoning and stops lipidic peroxidation. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effects of estrogen on anxiety like behavior and stress oxidative parameters after inducing demyelination by ethidium bromide to the cortex of cerebellum in rats.Materials & Methods: Induction of demyelination was carried out in cerebellum cortex by direct injection of Ethidium Bromide (EB) (0.01%). One week after injection of EB, animals were treated with two doses of estrogen (2mg/ml and 4mg/ml) for 3 days. After the treatment stage, characteristics of anxiety were assessed by using Elevated plus Maze; moreover, the parameters of stress oxidative were evaluated. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. Results: The results of this study showed that Open Arm Entry percentage and open arm time (anxiety index) in rats with estrogen treatment was significant relative to Ethidium Bromide group (p<0.01); in addition, activity value of glutathione peroxidase and catalase showed significant increase compared to Ethidium Bromide group. Conclusion: Microinjection of estrogen can decrease anxiety as well as oxidative stress.

Background & Objective: In this study the effects of this method on neonatal and the complaints and complications of mothers after Cesarean section by using pharmaceutical composition with opioids in intravenous analgesia pump are examined.Materials and Methods: This study is an unidirectional clinical trial with a purposive sampling method on100 patients undergoing elective cesarean section in 2014 were admitted to the Sadjad hospital in Kermanshah. The patients were divided into two groups of 50 people, namely, pain control by using intravenous injection pump (intervention group) and pain control by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (control group). Data collection tools, including check list of demographic, maternal and neonatal reflexes of discharge and a week after Cesarean. T-student test was used to compare quantitative variables and ratio test was used to compare qualitative variables. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Test results showed statistically significant differences in maternal complications between the intervention and control group at discharge (p<0.001). However, no significant difference in overall complications for the mothers between the intervention and control group during the first week after cesarean were showed. Also, in the case of neonatal reflexes no significant differences between the two groups were observed.Conclusion: By adding pharmaceutical compounds to the intravenous pumps, it is possible to provide further use of this method of analgesia in women who have undergone Cesarean.

Background & Objective: Oral lesions are the primary manifestations of HIV infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge towards oral manifestations of AIDS among general dentists.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted by a self-administrated questionnaire on general dentists in Kermanshah city, 2014. The questionnaire contained demographic information and the part assessing knowledge. The correct answers in percent was considered as the knowledge level, which was classified by poor, intermediate, good, and excellent levels. The questionnaire reliability was confirmed by Cronbach alpha=0.79. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 by using ANOVA, tukey and t-test (P< 0.05). Results: A total of 120 general dentists including 76 males (63.3%) and 44 females (36.7%) with mean age of 36.4±9.3 years completed the questionnaires. Of the dentists, 1.7% presented excellent, 23.3% good, 48.3% intermediate, and 26.7% poor level regarding to total knowledge about AIDS/HIV. With respect to AIDS-related oral lesions, only 7.5% had excellent and 9.2% displayed good knowledge. Among dentists, intermediate and poor levels were observed in 35% and 48.3%, respectively. The dentists’ knowledge of AIDS-related oral manifestations revealed no significant relationship to age, gender, work experience, or attendance in educational workshops (P>0.05).Conclusion: The dentists’ knowledge about oral lesions of AIDS was not in an acceptable level, suggesting improvement of their awareness about AIDS/HIV and its oral lesions.

Background & Objective: Drug abuse causes severe gastrointestinal, neurological problems and dependency. For maintenance therapy of opiate addiction, long-acting opioids like methadone are used. Since incorrect use of methadone, leads to serious complications, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of methadone. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done with a sample size of 151 patients in addiction treatment centers Fasa Shariati Hospital, during 6 months. After reviewing the cases of patients who were taking methadone for drug rehabilitation and completed their demographic information, check list of questions about the different effects of methadone was completed for each patient. The data was statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The average age of participants in the scheme was 31.71. The results showed that the most common side effects of methadone, is gastrointestinal complications (77.5 percent). In addition, between the effects and duration of methadone there is a significant relationship. However, other effects were not associated with duration of use. Conclusion: According to the results, the need for continuous follow-up of patients undergoing methadone treatment for drug complications and such findings can even be transferred to the relevant authorities, in order to add assessment side effects of treatment is necessary in the case of defined. The patients’ need to medication may cause endurance of bothersome symptoms. While it can affect their quality of life.

Background & Objective: Soy milk contains isoflavones that comprises the phytoestrogens families. Phytoestrogens families have structural similarities with mammalian estrogen. This study was done to investigate the effects of soy milk on histomorphometric changes of olfactory bulb in neonatal ovariectomized rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty female rats Sprague- Dawley strain (one-day old) were kept in a standard laboratory condition. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into six groups with 5rats (a control, a sham and four experimental groups). The ovaries of one-week old experimental groups were removed by surgery. In experimental groups of 2, 3 and 4, the rats received soy milk twice a day from the 14th day to the end of 2 month 0.75, 1.5 and 3 ml/kg respectively by gavage. At the end of two month and after anesthesia and blood sampling to measure estrogen hormone, the olfactory bulb of all rats to investigate the thickness of layers and the number of cells in different layers of olfactory bulb histomorphometric was divided. Finally the results were analyzed through One-way variance and Tukey Test considering p<0.05.Results: According to this study, the following results were obtained. Low estrogen level due to ovariectomized infant rats has reduced the thickness of external granular layer. Mitral cell layer and internal plexiform layer as well as cell number in most layers of the olfactory bulb through feeding high level of soy milk to ovariectomized infants leading to high serum concentrations of 17-b estradiol that subsequently increased thickness and cell numbers of olfactory bulb.Conclusions: The soy milk can be used as a source of synthetic hormone replacement.

Background & Objective: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the important risk factors for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some of the host genetic factors such as interleukin 28B (IL-28B) may influence the response to the antiviral therapy. IL28B is a member of the interferon (IFN) family which causes an antiviral response. Previous studies indicated that rs12979860 polymorphisms of the IL-28B gene can influence persistent antiviral response. Therefore, in this study, the frequency of genotypes of rs12979860 polymorphisms in two groups of healthy and HCV infected Iranian individuals were evaluated.Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, PCR-RFLP method was used to evaluate the frequency of genotypes of rs12979860 polymorphisms in 105 healthy individuals and 105 chronic HCV infected patients. Results: The frequency of rs12979860 genotypes in healthy individuals was CC: 50.5%, CT: 45.7%, and TT: 3.8%. In HCV infected patients it was CC: 22.9%, CT: 63.8%, and TT: 13.3%. The frequency of rs12979860 genotypes had significant difference between two groups; however it is not associated with sex.Conclusion: A significant difference was observed between healthy individuals and HCV infected patients in the frequency of rs12979860 genotypes. The favorable CC genotypes and unfavorable TT genotypes was more detected in healthy individuals and HCV infected patients, respectively.

Background & Objective: One of the most serious health problems is osteoporosis and it is mandatory to find preventive methods to confront this difficulty. Non-pharmacological methods are in priority due to less side effects. This study investigated the effect of treadmill running exercise on bone microarchitectures in female osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy.Materials & Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, experimental one, and experimental two. Control and Experimental one (Ovariectomized) groups were kept in control conditions. The Experimental group two was subjected to 10 weeks treadmill running exercise from the 12th- post operative week. The animals were weighted in all the stages of the protocol. Finally, all rats were sacrificed and their femoral bones were removed for bone strength and bone microarchitectures analysis by using One-Way ANOVA test. The Repeated Measure was used to analyze the weight changes during the study.Results: The results showed that despite the same initial weight among groups (P=0.31), weight increased significantly in 12th and 22th postoperative weeks (P<0.001). Ovariectomy induced a significant decrease in Trabecular Thickness (TT) and Cortical Thickness (CT) (P<0.001). It also induced a weakened femoral bone strength (P=0.003). The levels of TT, CT, and bone strength increased in experimental group two compared to experimental group one and Trabecular Separation (TS) decreased, either (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated that a moderate intensity treadmill running exercise has a protective effect on osteoporotic bones.

Background & Objective: Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a plasma glycoprotein that regulates the action of steroid hormones on several levels. Since SHBG is one of the growth regulators of breast cancer cells, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms E326K and the risk of breast cancer.Materials & Methods: This study was done as a case-control study on 79 patients with breast cancer and on 79 healthy women who had gone to Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital in Tehran. The average age of patients and control subjects were 48±8 and 43±6 years, respectively. After blood sampling and DNA extraction, genotyping of all samples were determined by PCR-RFLP method and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19 software.Results: After counting the genotypes, their percentages in the cancerous specimens and control group were AA (56.9%), GG (35.4%), AG / GA (7.6%) and AA (12.6%), GG (77.2%), AG / GA (10.1%), respectively. In addition, according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in cancer patients, the frequency of allele A was 60.7% and the frequency of allele G was 39.2% and in control group the frequency of allele A was approximately 21.5% and the frequency of allele G was calculated 82.3%. Statistically, a significant correlation was observed between the homozygotes of the two groups (PValue ˂0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the E326K polymorphism in exon 8 of SHBG gene is associated with the risk of breast cancer and it may be a factor involved in it.