ARABIC LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Year:2018 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Carefully looking at Quran translations, one observes many differences. Sometimes two translations present entirely different meaning as cause bewilderment and amazement."Omission" phenomenon beside other phenomenon such as numerous Quranic recites and word's numerous patterns is of main reasons which causes difference and variances in translation, so meanings change and becomes different often. There are many verses which difference in their meanings return to two phenomenon "Omission" and "Appreciation" so there is no difference in meaning for verses with perfect linguistic contexture, because meaning boundaries are specified within them. Thus sentence that there is "Omission" in, opens a wide door to various recites and hereon basis, semantic span of Quran increases. Therefor current research trying to declare omission based variances and the way translators encountering these variances to convey Quranic concepts. In this study we concluded via descriptive- analytic method that translators' disagreement on conveying hidden elements of verses roots in position of omission and omitted words and semantic elegances and word determining in appreciation and how that word mentioned.

The text's sociology attempts to make the reading in a profound and fundamental way and the text is not complete until it is read, and it cannot fulfill its existence. Sociological criticism is one of the new and effective methods in the analysis of literary texts especially novels. Accordingly, this article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method to read the text of "Zaat" novel from Sonallah Ebraham, and shows the social and ideological issues that the Egyptian community lived in it and portrayed its novel. The purpose of the selection of this novel was its importance in drawing Egyptian society and expressing their suffering during the presence of foreigners in the country. The results indicate that Sonallah Ebraham knows the Egyptian average classes well because he spent his life in Egypt. And this novel expresses a certain ideology that can express it through the unification of the structures of the novel. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the elements of place and time and social groups and personality with the issues and problems posed in the novel.

In the early time the grammarians and linguists compiled the Arabic grammar preventing grammatical mistakes in holy Quran, so a lot of books have been written; In the other hand the criticism is very considerable, because of the inevitable slips in human's compilations, and the necessity of correcting them, and strengthening their benefits, to enhance the scientific level, and prevent the repetition of slips.By looking at the ancient books in Arabic grammar we find some syntactic explanations by creator of their main text, like Sharh Qatr al-Nada written by Ibn e Hesham; and we chose it for study because of its required brevity in education; this article purposes the study of positive and negative points in this book, Based on analytical- descriptive method. So we mentioned them in the article with giving examples, and expressing our reasons, and correcting the slips.As the most important results: This explanation is an educational compilation, with some grammatical slips, and some slips in the instances which persuade us to suspect the distortion in its primary manuscript; and when check Sharh shozour al-zahab by Ibn e Hesham which is the more similar his workes to Sharh Qatr al-Nada, will be sure that the latter was written sooner than the former because that one is devoid of this one's slips.

Language in its growth is just the same as an alive phenomena continuously developing and changing, although in some case the movement is too slow, it will never stop. Language is changing with all its component and elements including sounds, grammar and vocabulary. The change differs from time to time and also location to location. Semantic evolution is a type of language changes that mainly involves words. Presented study provides a panel for discussing and analyzing one of the most important factors played role in Arabic words and named as inherent sources.Authors applied a descriptive- analytic approach to address mentioned factor influences and concluded that the sources and all their elements like taboo, optimism, exaggeration and so on, played a very important role in Arabic words semantic evolution, meanwhile the taboo factor is more impressive than other ones.

Cognitive semantics has been reached to the top in the recent years and the conceptual metaphor is an important research topic in this field. Since metaphor is strictly blinded to thought and culture, the study of conceptual metaphors in religious texts will clarify some of the conceptual hidden dimensions of those text. In an analytical method, this study tries to elaborate the world (دنیا) conceptual metaphors in Nahj al-Balagha, in order to identify the important conceptual metaphors in introducing the world and its styles and also the important properties of these metaphors and to study the relationship between these metaphors and religious culture of Imam Ali. The results of the present study show that the two metaphors of "the world is the home and the house" and "the world is a sly and cunning human" are the most important metaphors in Nahj al-Balagha in order to introduce the world. The important properties of these metaphors are being large in number and their diversity, their dynamics, their focus on religious concepts, and their appropriateness with religious concepts. Imam Ali has used a variety of conventional and new metaphors, appropriate and consistent with religious concepts and Quran language in order to introduce the world and its styles, and then changed the conventional metaphors based on the Islamic culture.

This research deals with the text relations in the Quranic chapter Mu'minun such as lexical relations (appropriateness, omission, and repetition) with an emphasis on primary and secondary meanings. Then the study connects all these relations and makes use of phonemic implications and meanings of the letters in the Quranic verses, particularly the Quranic intervals, and their internal and emotional implications especially in text relations (repetition). Meanwhile, it does not ignore communicative and instrumental functions of language. This is more evident at the Qur'an intervals and in phonemes ending in "alif", "ya", and "waw" according to which these functions take different meanings. For example, the phonemes ending in "fa", "ha", "aa", "wa" in the words "fa'ilun", "hafizun", "warithun", "khaalidun" refer to the continuity, duration, and the time and place comprehensiveness of those attributes and actions. In addition, the phonemes ending in "ya" indicate humbleness and the phonemes ending in "waw" implicate institutionalization and internality. These findings, based on a descriptive- analytical method, are an attempt to show the eternal Qur'anic miracles.

The stories and novels of the Ibrahim Al-Koni are characterized by their own poetic language and their mysterious and magical realms. These features are reflected in the "Fall of Darwish" (Kharif Al-Darwish) Fiction collection, where each story tells the story of the magical desert reality and its legendary features.This study tries to investigate the "snake" story in "Fall of Darwish" fiction collection by Ibrahim Al-Koni based on Tomachevski and Shklovski’s formalist criticisms. The focus of the study is on the text from the point of view of theme, les motifs, the dominant and singularisation.The results of the study show that the ratio of dynamic motifs are higher than static motifs, which is in line with the general process of the story that needs a kind of variety in theme and dynamism. Dynamic motifs have created this dynamism in the story. The results also show that as the method of narration of the story is traditional, there is no singularisation in narrative method of the author, and therefore, singularisation appears more in applying poetic and figurative speech and also in narrator’s point of view, who has addressed the mythical image of the story.

Elia Abu Mazi is one of the most important Arabian migrant poets in North America, he took new steps for removing religious discussions, especially faith factor in his poems and based of faith points to a beautiful perspective which indicates the poet’s belief in philosophy, tolerance, indigenous, and awareness. Ilia discovers the most important subjects faith subjects such as, doubt, not knowing and different contradiction such as determinism, freedom, profanity and certainty with philosophical faith. Elia Abu Madi shows his faith reflection principle based on philosophical thought, tolerance, indigenous and awareness which is in true love framework kinds of petrification, blind prejudice and frailty. The poet tries his best for struggling with profanity and removing division and God proving via deep thought in the depth of the main goal of life and existence in which doubt and not knowing change to recognition and certainty to some extent for Elia.This study method is descriptive- analytical which aims at discovering and stating different methods of faith in this poet’s poem and unveil of poet creeds and religious, s thought for objectivity and immortality.