SPORT AND BIOMOTOR SCIENCES
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (11)|Papers Count:9

Background; Endurance training induce cardiac hypertrophy, also the cardiac hypertrophy effect on hdac4 gene expression in cardiac muscle, Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on cardiac expression of hdac4 gene.Material and Methods; for this purpose, 14 rats (113±20 gram) under controlled conditions (temperature, light/dark (12: 12) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water) were housed. after familiarization (231±24) there were randomly divided into control (n=7) and Experimental (n=7) groups, the experimental group performed a training program (30 m/min, 50 min, 6 session per week for 14-weeks) on motorized treadmill, and then 48 hours after the end of the last session with control group were anesthetized as sacrificed, then the left ventricle of the heart was removed. Real time RT-PCR method was used to determine of expression levels of hdac4 gene, finally, to compare of control and experimental groups mean, t-test was use.Results; the hypertrophy evaluation indexes showed that the ratio of left ventricle weight of experimental group (2.3) was significantly (P=0.05) more than control group (2.049) and the left ventricle weight to body surface area was significantly (p=0.01) more in experimental group (0.168) than control group (0.153). Finally the mean of left ventricle hdac4 gene expression was significantly (P=.002) higher in experimental group than control group.Conclusion; It seems the effect of endurance training on left ventricle accompany with increase of hdac4 gene expression and this increase induce by transcription factors that attached to hdac4 gene promoter and it increase hdac4 gene expression.

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the impact of Ziziphus Jujube consumption on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in young women after a single bout of the intense resistance exercise.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 18 young nonathletes females were randomly divided into two equal groups including Ziziphus Jujube consumption+intensive resistance exercise and intensive resistance exercise groups. The first group received jujube daily 0.4 g/kg of body weight for 3 weeks, but another group prohibited from Ziziphus Jujube consumption at the same time. Both groups carried out a session of intensive resistance exercise consisted of 5 movements at 90% of one repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken in three phases including baseline, after 3 weeks of the Ziziphus Jujube consumption, and after exercise session. TAC and MDA were measured using FRAP and TBARS respectively. Collected data expressed as mean and standard deviation and it is applied the repeated measures ANOVA and LSD tests for extraction of results at a significance level of p£ 0/05.Results: In non-Jujube consumpsion group, TAC significantly decreased (p<0.02) after intensive resistance session, but it is observed a significant increases in the TAC (p<0.03) in the Jujube+intensive resistance group after a 3-weeks of Jujube consumption. MDA did not change significantly (p>0.05) in both groups in different phases of study. Conclusion: Acute resistance exercise can suppress TAC, but receiving of Ziziphus Jujube have potential to improve antioxidant system when it consume as 0.4 g/kg for 3 weeks.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of unilateral and bilateral squats performing (postactivation potentiation) on vertical jump performance and EMG activity of the selected muscles in athlete men during a vertical jumping.Material and Methods: The subjects were 20 trained athlete men (10 volleyball players, 10 basketball players) with the characteristics of age: 20.94±2.56 years, weight: 74.64±6.72 kg, height: 180±6.55 cm) that voluntary participate in this study.the subjects performed each of the three protocols: 1. Common warm up (the running on the treadmill with the speed of 9 km/h in 5 minutes and stretch movements on 3 minutes), 2. warm up and 1 set with two repetitions of dynamic bilateral half-squat with 90% 1RM, 3. warm up and 1 set with two repetitions of dynamic unilateral half-squat with 90% 1RM in three different days and randomized condition. in 5 minutes of recovery from each protocol, subjects were examined with the vertical jump test, and EMG activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were recorded in concentric phases of the jumping and during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). the RMS/MVC index was derived from muscle’s EMG signals. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to data analysis.Results: The vertical jumping height have significantly improved after the second and third protocols (post-activation potentiation) compared to common traditional warm up (P=0.043, 0.018 respectively), but no significant differences was found among the quadriceps and hamstring muscles electrical activity in three different conditions (P³0.05).Conclusion: The specific warm up method via using unilateral or bilateral half-squat probably can improve the athlete’s subsequent vertical jumping performance. these changes are related to intramuscular variations.

Background: interleukin-18, and C-Reactive protein (CRP) are two Cardio - Vascular risk factors that have been raised in recent years and independently show the risk of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of eight weeks roping on IL-18 and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese adolescents.Material and Methods: This is a semi experimental study in which Thirty overweight or obese adolescents willing to cooperate voluntarily were randomly divided in two groups: experimental group (15 people, height 165.28 cm, weight 83.02 kg, age 13.73 years old and BMI 31.046) and control group (15 people, height 164.54 cm, weight 83.02 kg, age 13.93 years and BMI 30.404). Then, the experimental group was influenced by increasing roping exercise program which consisted of 8 sessions per week. While the control group received no intervention but were just followed. Variables including weight, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), VO2max were measured in both groups before and after exercises. Blood samples were collected in two stages, 48 hours before and after exercise to measure leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and levels of IL-18, CRP levels. Paired t-test was used for intergroup comparisons and two way variance analysis was used for comparison between two groups. All statistical calculations were performed by SPSS software version 19.Results: After eight weeks roping in within groups comparison the variables weight (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), percent body fat (P=0.001), IL-18 (P=0.001) and CRP (P=0.001) were significantly decreased but in between groups comparison with variance analysis the variables weight (P=0.501), BMI (P=0.257), percent body fat (P=0.068), had an insignificant decrease, IL-18 (p=0.001) and CRP (p=0.001) significantly decreased and V02max (P=0.009) significantly increased.Conclusions: Based on these results, roping exercise reduced IL-18 and decreased inflammation in overweight and obese adolescents, so it would be possible and useful to perform this exercise to prevent and reduce atherosclerosis in obese adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comparison the effect of two exhaustive aerobic and anaerobic physical activity on serum BDNF and cortisol levels and their relationship together in active mens.Material and Methods: 16 active college students divided into two groups randomly. Tests used in this study consisted of Cunningham and Faulkner test for anaerobic group and Astrand test for aerobic group. blood sample was taken before and immediately after exhaustion.Results: T-test results showed that both acute exhaustive anaerobic and aerobic exercise increases significantly BDNF level (P<0.05). Also, Serum cortisol levels following Implementation of aerobic and anaerobic exercise to exhaustion decreased significantly (P<0.05) and increased non significantly (P>0.05), respectively. There was no significant correlation between cortisol and BDNF levels in the two groups. Likewise, independent samples t-test showed no significantly different between aerobic and anaerobic groups in BDNF and COR levels.Conclusion: The present results indicate exhaustive aerobic and anaerobic exercise had significant and positive impact on serum BDNF. According to lack of correlation between these two factors can be stated that probably run acute aerobic and anaerobic activity is not increased COR to the extent that suppresses BDNF levels in active individuals, therefore is not a threat to the health of the nervous system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training and methadone as an alternative to morphine on serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin- 17.Materials and Methods: Twenty four male Wistar rats (220±10 g) were divided into four groups of Addicted Control (AC), Addicted Trained (AT), Addicted Methadone (AM) and Addicted Methadone Trained (AMT). All groups were made addicted with morphine sulfate 0.4 mg/mL (in 21 days). To ensure their dependence on morphine, Naloxone (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into a number of the rats.Methadone hydrochloride powder was added to the drinking water AM and AMT groups. AT and AMT groups were made to run on treadmill for 8 weeks. Running time and speed gradually increased. Both prior to the exercises and 24 hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected from all the animals and the IFN-g and IL-17 serum levels were measured using the ELISA method.Results: Serum levels of interferon-gamma increased in the AMT group compared with AM (P<0.001) and serum levels of IL- 17 showed a significant decrease (P<0.01). Also, a significant increase in serum levels of interferon-gamma (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in the levels of IL-17 (P<0.001) was observed in the AT compared with the AMT.Conclusion: Endurance training caused increased interferongamma and decreased interleukin-17 in the active groups compared with the sedentary groups, and it had a greater effect on these cytokines during withdrawal. Therefore, this type of exercise can improve the function of the immune system during withdrawal syndrome.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses of plasma visfatin to resistance exercise volume and its relationship with insulin resistance index, IL-6 and growth hormone.Methods: Fifteen healthy young subjects (age: 23.9±1, weight: 74.4±7.2, BMI: 26.1±3.6) were volunteered to participate in the study. After familiarization and determining the maximum strength (1-RM), subjects performed two resistance exercise protocols of 3-sets and 5 sets randomly at two separate occasions with one week intervening. Three blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30 min recovery, and were analyzed for growth hormone, interlukin- 6 (IL-6) and visfatin. Insulin resistance index was calculated using glucose and insulin concentrations. To compare the responses of parameters to exercise and recovery, the differences between pre and post exercise as well as pre and post recovery data were calculated and compared by using paired t-test.Results: Results showed that there were no significant differences between the responses of these parameters to two resistance exercise volumes (P>0.05). Irrespective of resistance exercise volume, single session of resistance exercise resulted in significant (P<0.001) changes in all variables except for visfatin. Investigating the statistical correlations of data in response to exercise showed no significant relationship among all variables with visfatin.Conclusions: The results of this study show that resistance exercise volume is not an affective factor on plasma concentration of visfatin and that visfatin cannot be considered as one of the affective factors in insulin resistance process.