SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Introduction: this study aimed to investigate the role of gender in empathy.Method: 117 participants watched videos of injuring a man, a woman and a child. In addition, all participants answered Interpersonal Reactivity Index to assess dispositional empathy.Results: results showed that females had stronger reactions to all three situations of harm to others (p<0.01). Females also reported higher emotional empathy (p<0.01). A look into gender of object of empathy showed that subjects of both gender had empathy when a woman was injured (p<0.01).Conclusions: according to these findings females show more empathy than males, and prevalence of females in dispositional empathy is limited to emotional empathy. Gender of object of empathy plays an important role in intensity of experienced empathy.

Introduction: The aim of this research is to study the relationship between communication skills and confilict resolution styles of managers with employee empowerment.Method: For this purpose, 132 employees were selected by random model. Three questionnaires were used in this study including Conflict Resolution Styles (Rahim, 1979), Empowering others (Steinmetz and Todd, 1986) and Communication Skills (Barton, 1990).Result: Structural equation modeling analysis supported model`s fitting with data. Fitness indicators include CMIN=41.9, RMSEA=0.08, GFI=0.92, AGFI=0.87, IFI=0.93, CFI=0.92, NFI=0.87 and TLI=0.9. The coefficient of communication skills to empower (b=0.61, p<0.001) and positive conflict resolution styles to empower b=0.53, p<0.001) were positive and significant. Also, coefficient of the negative styles of conflict resolution to empowerment is negative and significant (b=-0.73, p<0.001).Conclusion: Overall و we can conclude, ways in which managers resolve conflict and communicate with employees are performed an important role in empowering employees.

Introduction: This research was administered with the aim of investigating the interactive role of organizational injustice dimensions (distributive, procedural and interactional) on destructive behaviors.Method: For this purpose, among employees of an industrial company, 148 people through simple random sampling were selected and responded to distributive injustice questionnaire (DIQ), procedural injustice questionnaire (PIQ), interactional injustice questionnaire (IIQ) and destructive behaviors questionnaire (DBQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson' s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis.Results: Results revealed that there are significant relationships between distributive injustice with exit, and between distributive, procedural and interactional injustice with neglect and aggressive voice (P<0.01). The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that, in high procedural injustice, distributive injustice has significant relation with exit (P<0.05).Also the results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, in high interactional and procedural injustice, there is significant relationship between distributive injustice with neglect and aggressive voice (P<0.01), but in low procedural and interactional injustice, there is no significant relationship between distributive injustice with neglect and aggressive voice (P>0.05).Conclusions: Findings of this research showed that, the relationship between organizational injustice dimensions with destructive behaviors (such as exit, neglect and aggressive voice) is happened in the form of multilevel cognitive referent.

Introduction: Judgment in Cognitive Continuum Theory is assumed as a continuum between intuition pole and analysis pole.This study has investigated speed and accuracy in three modes of judgment.Method Professional judgments have been provided by 56 participants through an experimental group (under stress) and a control group (without stress).Results: Accuracy was significantly higher in control group in all three judgments compared to the experimental group. Reaction time was significantly different only in quasi_ rational judgments (F (1, 55) =7/3, P≤ 0.0009).Conclusions: Noise as a stressor lowered accuracy in the three modes of judgments in the experimental group. Noise stressor seemed to have increased reaction times in middle of judgment continuum.

Introduction: This research was carried out with the purpose of relationship of Big five factors including Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, with cell-phone over-use.Method: 275 students from Islamic Azad university Dezful branch participated in this study. The research instruments were included cell-phone over-use Scale (Jenaro & et al, 2007) and NEO-PI-R five-factor inventory. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions (stepwise) were applied to analyze the data.Results: Findings indicated that the cell-phone over-use has significant positive relationship with neuroticism and negative significant relationship with extroversion. Other results denoted that N& E can explain 10 percent of variant of cell-phone overuse.More results indicated that there is no significant difference in cell-phone use level between the technical and humanistic students. In the contrary, there is a significant difference between married and single, boy and girl students. Then it is concluded that cell-phone use in female students were higher than male ones and he use of cell-phone in single students were higher than married students as well (p<0.001).Conclusions: The results show the importance of personality factors in predicting the cell-phone over-use in students.

The aim of this research was to predict of attitude towards rumor through the personality characteristics, positive-negative affect and psychological health. Method of research was correlation and statistical population was the employees of Islamic Azad university, among them 208 employess were selected by using multistage random sampling method. The assessment tools included a Big-five-factor personality questionnaire (Costa & mccrare, 1989), positive-negative affect (Panas, 1988), psychological health (Ryff, 1989) and attitudes toward gossip (Litman, pezzo, 2004). The data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis.The results showed that personality characteristics of conscientiousness and agreeableness%20, negative affect%27, and purpose in life %23, could significantly predict attitude towards rumor.

Objective: The present study was the effectiveness training program based on social skills on the rate of victim behaviors of primary boy's school students in Isfahan city.Method: based on multi-stage sampling of four Primary boys schools in Isfahan randomly selected and from among the second and fourth grades, 40 students victim Through Sociometry & Peer relationship questionnaire selected and assigned in control and experimental groups. Intervention based on Social skills was performed on the experimental group. In the Post-test and followup Peer relationship questionnaire were performed on two groups.Results: Covariance analysis of data showed that Training program based on Social Skills leading to reduction of the victim, bullying behaviors of victim children was.Conclusions: The results indicate that social skills training can improve peer relationship in children.

The present study is a survey to find out the relation of religious orientation, anxiety of death and alienation in aged people among Tehran. The present study is 400 aged and women answered scales of religious orientations of Alport and Ras, death’s anxiety of Templer and alienation of Din was performed. The results showed that between the internal religious orientations and anxiety of death, there is the negative solidarity and between the external religious orientations with anxiety of death there is a significant positive solidarity. Also in women and men, the internal religious orientation expected negatively the anxiety of death and the external religious and orientation expected positively the anxiety of death. Also the results showed that in aged women between the internal religious orientations with retreat, the sense of inability, anomie and alienation there is a significant and negative solidarity, between external religious orientations with the sense of inability, anomie and alienation there is a significant and positive solidarity, in aged men between the internal religious orientations with retreat, the sense of inability, anomie and alienation there is a significant and negative solidarity, between external religious orientations with retreat, the sense of inability, anomie and alienation there is a significant and positive solidarity, meanwhile, the internal and external religious orientations are two strong variables for anticipation of alienation, that this anticipation in aged men is more than women (P=0.05).