Payesh
Year:2013 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Objective (s): The objective of this study was to investigate on pre-marriage relationship between young adolescents from male students’ perspectives.Method: This was a qualitative study of a sample of 20 male students. Focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. Content analysis was performed to explore the data.Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis: motivation for pre-marriage relationship; facilitating and preventive sexual behaviors, reproductive health needs.Conclusion: Larger scale studies are needed to understand the topic more fully. However, as indicated by young male students there are different reasons for pre-marriage relationship between girls and boys. Such data could contribute to implementing more reproductive health orientated interventions in order to improve adolescents’ health.

Objective (s): To investigate on consequences of living with HIV/AIDS.Methods: This was a qualitative study. Initially we selected a convenience sample and then narrowed-down the sample by maximum diversity in terms of age and education. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the codes were extracted after reviewing them several times. Content analysis was performed to explore the data.Results: In all 34 participants were interviewed: 32 HIV positive men (with age average: 37.5 years and standard deviation: 7.13) and 4 HIV positive women (with age average: 34 years and standard deviation: 3.04) Participants indicated the following consequences: social, psychological, physical and economic. Most participants referred to adverse social outcome as the most important consequences of living with HIV/AIDS. The most important social adverse effect mentioned by participants was stigma, discrimination and exclusion.Conclusion: The findings suggest that stigma and discrimination should be lessening for people who live with HIV/AID. Perhaps media could play an important role to achieve this.

Objective (s): The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life among rural and urban elderly outpatients attending the Imam Sajjad Hospital of Shahryar during 2010-2011.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of 203 rural and urban elderly outpatients. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Data were analyzed using student t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis in order to indicate the major quality of life determinants.Results: In a step-wise regression analysis gender, age and employment had significant effect on physical functioning. For role physical, education; for bodily pain, education, gender and living area; for general health, gender and employment; for vitality, employment; for social functioning, employment; for role emotional, living area; and for mental health, gender had a significant effect on quality of life.Conclusion: Overall the findings suggest that the urban and rural environment do not have significant effect on health-related quality of life.

Objective (s): To identify personality traits and function of attention in high-risk drivers. The study aimed to compare personality traits and function of attention in two groups of high-risk drivers and normal ones.Methods: This was a case-control study. Using simple random sampling, 50 high-risk male drivers were selected whose cars or license have been confiscated by traffic police in Tehran, Iran. Also in control group, 50 male drivers were selected who had no violations in their records. Personality traits of the two groups were measured by the NEO PI-R test with 240 questions and function of attention was measured by the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, analysis of covariance and discriminate analysis.Results: The finings illustrated that in personality factors there were a significant difference between high risk and normal drivers in neuroticism, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. In neuroticism and extraversion, high-risk drivers had higher scores than normal drivers (P<0.01), whereas in openness and conscientiousness normal drivers had higher scores (P<0.01). However, in agreeableness there was no significant difference between the two groups. In function of attention there was a significant difference between high-risk a normal drivers. In commission error, omission error and reaction time indexes high-risk drivers had higher scores than normal drivers (P<0.01), while in correct detection normal drivers had higher scores than high-risk drivers (P<0.01). In discriminate analysis the findings showed that 71.74 % of the variance was due to risky derving behavior.Conclusion: The finings demonstrated that there were significant differences between high risk and normal drivers in personality traits and attention. Therefore it is recommended to perform psychological assessments at the time of granting driving licenses and periodically thereafter and provide trainings for high-risk drivers.

Objective (s): This study aimed to assess the relationship between type of delivery and changing in quality of life scores after delivery.Method: A sample of 150 mothers with caesarian section and 150 mothers with vaginal delivery attending a health center in Kashan, Iran were entered into the study. Mothers completed a specific life quality questionnaire 2 to 4 months after delivery. Mean changes in scores compared in each group and between two groups. Data were analyzed using chi square, independent t- test, pair t test and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Findings showed that the mean score for feeling for sexual intercourse (p=0.005), economic status due to delivery (p=0.02) and willingness to choose method of delivery for future pregnancy (p=0.007) improved significantly in 2-4 months interval in normal delivery group and decreased for feeling (p=0.001) in caesarean section group. In comparing mean score differences between two groups in 2-4 months interval, there were significant differences in feeling for sexual intercourse and feeling toward one’s husband (p=0.007, p=0.04) respectively.Conclusion: There were no significant differences in quality of life scores in each group and between two groups but the mean score for some aspects improved in two months interval in normal delivery group.

Objective(s): Nowadays, to determine the needs and in order to upgrade the level of health care, quality of life is studied. Changes in the healthcare systems make note that how the medical team can be satisfied with their job, how the quality of their lives can be improved and which topics the satisfaction is associated with. Stressful factors can be a Psycho-social threat to midwives as a part of medical team. Therefore, by measuring the quality of life in these people non-satisfaction can be removed easily and reproductive health services can be promoted.Methods: This is a Descriptive - analytical research. Research community includes all midwives working in maternity and midwifery departments in Fatemiyeh hospital (state), Bu-Ali Hospital (Private) and Atieh Hospital (affiliated to the Social Security Organization) Data collection instrument was the short form of general and mental health outcomes (SF-36) and all of midwives working in these centers were studied through census method.Results: Result showed that the highest mean score of general health (59.75±23.70), vitality (65.35±2.04), social functioning (61.83±23.29), emotional health (64.10±18.07), was in delivery and labor section. And role limitation due to emotional problems was in delivery room but there is no significant correlation.Conclusion: It is better than older midwife who has more experiences be used in sectors which have less Workload. Considering that the quality of life in a private hospital was relatively better than other hospitals, it can be conclude that to promote family income and prosperity in life and also the relatively low number referred to the hospital cause the higher grades of the hospital.

Objectives: Physicians' satisfaction is essential for proper implementation of Family physican program.This study aimed to assess physicians' satisfaction in Hamedan, Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by interview and questionnaire. In order to measure physicians' satisfactions all family medicine physicians in Hamadan province were surveyed.Results: In all 121 physicans were studied. Physicians' satisfactions for most items were low. For instance, 57 (47.9%) were very dissatisfied with the program.Conclusion: The findings suggest that physicans satisfaction with family physican program is very low and this might not only lead to damages the program, but also may cause decrease in community health status. Indeed, it is essential improve physicans’ satisfaction prior to expanding the program.

Objective(s): Health consists of physical, mental and social domains which have reciprocal effects on each other; i.e. social health has preventive effects on physical and mental domains of health.Increment trend of social problems in the country and big cities, will be clear the importance of social health interventions, more. Changing social health situation requires designing and implementing new services based on the situation analysis of current social issues and interventions. Considering reengineering of health network system in urban areas by social determinants approach and redefining municipalities' role for it, preparing this package is an opportunity to complete the service provision in health network and to elucidate the role of municipality in social health service delivery.Methods: This is a qualitative, content analysis research. Data gathered by using various methods including: interviewing to municipality officials, group discussion in designing team, reviewing related research articles, reports and documents in deputy for social affair of Tehran municipality. Information was utilized for priority setting and designing the packages. Neighborhoods' health councils and regional municipalities officials comments and also existing indices were used for setting the priorities. In designing packages and proposed interventions, experts opinions, review of literatures and analysis of available capacities and assets were used.Results: The defined social health service packages are: common package for promoting social healthy behaviors and special packages for reducing substance abuse, crime, child abuse and divorce. Each package has 3 sections: necessity of service, explanation of services and requirement for implementing the services. The following six principals were agreed for designation:1. Selected services should be based on the regional problems and assets.2. Integrating public partnership and intersectoral collaboration in service provision.3. Considering primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in each services package.4. Using national and international best available evidences for designation.5. Defining requirements of implementing and sustaining the services.6. Based on the upstream rules and regulationsConclusion: The new packages are based on the social health promotion approach in comparison to the existing social issues packages which theirs programs and protocols are more treatment oriented, combating disasters and social harms. On the other hand, in new packages, intersectoral collaboration and using local assets has been emphasized but the old protocols are based on governmental limited resources. If we believe that "Municipality is the important social health steward in urban areas" instead of "Municipality responsible for cleaning the face of city from harms such as, addicts, beggars, homeless and …" then we could ascertain that the designed packages will be implementable by municipalities in cooperation to all urban organizations. In order to sensitizing and political commitment, forming regional social health council under supervision of mayor and with cooperation of representatives of all governmental and non governmental and private section has been proposed.

Objective(s): over 100 million women worldwide are using oral contraceptives pills (OCP) and mood changes were being as the primary reason for OCP discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to mood change in oral contraceptive pills users.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 500 women aged 15-49 years old using low dose (LD) pills attending family planning centers in Ahwaz, Iran in year 2012. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using an structured questionnaire including items on demographic, self-efficacy and mood change. Both univarate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OCP use and the independent variables.Results: In all 31% of women (n=153) reported mood change due to OCs use. The results of logistic regression revealed that education (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.15-2.80, P =0.009), place of living (OR=2.57, 95% CI=1.06-6.20, P=0.03), and self-efficacy (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.80-0.94, P=0.001) were significant predictors of mood change.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the prevalence of mood changes due to OCP use was relatively high among Iranian women. In addition the findings showed that education on side effects and self-efficacy was important predicting factors for mood changes. Indeed implementing educational programs and increasing self-efficacy among women are recommended.