CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:10

This article has two main parts. The first section introduces the model of "Marital Paradigms" (Willoughby et al., 2015). In this conceptualization, all the beliefs of a person (woman or man) about marriage and marital life can be categorized in two distinct areas: "Beliefs about Getting Married" and "Beliefs about Being Married". "Beliefs about Getting Married" represent one's beliefs about "marriage" and its importance in life, as well as a general view of how it is done. These beliefs consist of three distinct dimensions: "Marital Timing" (one's view of the ideal and expected timing for marriage, the expected length of love), "Marital Salience" (individual beliefs about the relative importance and global importance of marriage and getting married), "Marital Context" (beliefs and attitudes about the context in which marriage should occur). "Beliefs about Being Married" represent one's beliefs about the nature and methods of managing marital life. These beliefs also have three distinct dimensions: "Marital Processes" (beliefs about how the marriage process should take place, including beliefs about gender roles (Marital Roles), beliefs about attempting to make marital life (Marital Efforts), and other marriage-related processes), "Marital Centrality" (it is based on beliefs about the importance of marital/spouse's role in relation to other roles played by an adult married person), and "Marital Permanence" (beliefs about the commitment to marry and the admissibility of divorce). In the second section, the study of "Marital Paradigms" among Iranian youths (male and female) and gender-related comparisons of six dimensions are discussed. The research sample consisted of 644 students (323 females and 321 males) who entered the study using stratified sampling (stratums: gender, universities, academic grades). To measure Marital Paradigms, "Marital Paradigms Scale" (MPS) (Willoughby and Hall, 2015) was used. The results of the study showed that men and women have different patterns of Marital Paradigms.

Introduction Aim of the study was to comparing efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy with or without and Zolpidem 10 mg. on dysfunctional cognitions & metacognitions in people with chronic insomnia disorder. Method The multiple baselines single case design was used for the research. After taking diagnostic interview, six patients with chronic insomnia who met inclusive criteria randomly assigned to three group included cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with metacognitive techniques & pharmacotherapy. All of patients assessed six times by 10-item dysfunctional beliefs & attitudes about sleep & metacognition questionnaires. Data were analyzing using interpretation of changes of variables in the graph, effect size and diagnostic recovery. Results Adding metacognitive techniques to cognitive behavioral therapy could increases its efficacy. Effect sized of all interventions was proved that cognitive behavioral therapy with metacognitive techniques has the most effect size on dysfunctional metacognitions. Both of psychological therapies decrease dysfunctional beliefs & attitudes about sleep. Pharmacotherapy in particular 1 & 3 month follow-up hadn't high efficacy. Conclusion Adding metacognition techniques to gold standard in treatment of insomnia increases the treatment. The results continue even three month after discontinuing.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of the anxiety social anxiety model of adolescents based on anxiety sensitivity, negative emotional regulation and anxiety and ambivalent attachment style with mediating role of emotional coping strategy. Research project, correlation and structural equation method. The study population included all students in the academic year2017 period of secondary schools in the city KhormAbad that 1200 of them were selected by multistage random sampling. After completing a social anxiety and screening questionnaire, 266 (136 males and 130 females) were susceptible to this disorder. Then the obtained data entered the structural equation assumption model. In order to analyze the data obtained from Amos 24 software, it was used to compare the observed variance-curanese matrix (default model) with the reproduction variance-covariance matrix, to evaluate the model's ability to predict the criterion variable, and Also, it's fitting itself. . The results of the model analysis indicated that the predictive variables of negative emotional regulation (repression) and ambivalent insecure attachment style were directly and indirectly mediated by an emotional coping strategy on social anxiety disorder in adolescents. Also, the emotional coping strategies had a direct impact on social anxiety disorder. The anxiety sensitivity variable had a direct direct effect, but its indirect effect was not significant. Also, direct and indirect impact of unsafe attachment style on social anxiety disorder was not significant.

Getting a diagnosis of breast cancer and treating, it is a stressful event that affects many aspects of mental health, including body image and quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self compassion training on body image and quality of life in women with breast cancer without metastasis under chemotherapy. The research design was a semi-experimental, pret-post test with control group. Twenty-nine women (according to entry criteria) were selected by referring to the office of ancolologists and Ayatollah Khansari Hospital in Arak in 1397. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. The participants responded to body image questionnaires in patients with breast cancer and quality of life as a pretest. The experimental group was trained based on self compassion package, eight sessions of 60 minutes. Finally, the participants of both groups responded to the questionnaires as a post-test. The results showed that self-compassion training, with emphasis on the three components of kindness with itself, human sharing and mind-consciousness, had a positive and significant effect on improving the body image. Also, based on the findings, the quality of life of women, especially in the physical and mental areas, in the experimental group, had a positive and significant increase compared to the control group. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the development of educational and therapeutic programs based on self compassion can help to improve the mental health and quality of life in cancer patients.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders so choosing an appropriate therapy is very important. Regarding to the role of spirituality in depression and its therapeutic methods, this research attempts to compare the role of the level of Psycho-spiritual development of individuals in the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. For this purpose, among the students of Tarbiat Modares University, 8 subjects with basic depression were selected using available sampling method, and then based on their scores in Psycho-Spiritual Scale (Janbozorgi, 1391), they were divided into two groups of 4 with high Psycho-spiritual development and 4 with low Psycho-spiritual development. Then subjects of each level of Psycho-spiritual development were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy). Depression scores of patients before, during and after treatment, as well as follow up, were compared with the percentage of recovery and the effect size. The results showed that both treatments, acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy, were effective on decreasing depression, but acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective in decreasing the depression of individuals with low Psycho-spiritual development, and cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in Reducing people's depression with higher levels of Psycho-spiritual development. Therefore, it seems that paying attention to the level of Psycho-spiritual development of clients in choosing a therapeutic approach is of great importance.

Working memory has a important role in the academic performance of the students with reading disability. However educational researchers have reported different results in the effectiveness of existing programs. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory educational program on enhancing working memory performance of dyslexic students. This education considered both auditory and visual dimension. This study was Quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and fallow-up. The statistical population was all the primary school students with dyslexia who went to learning disorders centers in Tehran, 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling and were assigned by random in experimental and control groups. The experimental group experienced the working memory educational program in 24 sessions, 25 to 30minutes. Working Memory Test Battery for Children (Gathercole & Pickering, 2001) was taken before and after education and also two months after finishing the program it was taken for both experimental and control group. Multi-variable variance analysis with repeated measures were used for data analyzing. Results showed significant differences between experimental and control group in post-test and also stability of these differences in follow-up test. In conclusion effectiveness of working memory educational program for dyslexic children is determined in enhancing their ability of auditory and visual working memory.

The incurable diseases lead to premature death. The last hope is organ transplantation and the most important source is the organ donated after brain death. The purpose of this study was to explore the deep psychological phenomenological approach of the organ donation volunteers by 2017. This research was a descriptive phenomenology study conducted with semi-structured in depth interviews. Participants of the study were organ donor volunteers of the Iranian Organ Donation Center in Tehran city. 14 participants were selected by targeting sampling for interview. The analysis method was based on Colaizzi’ s Seven-Step Analysis. The result of the study showed three main themes: first; Khowledg including information about organ donation and insight about death. Second, Core beliefs on organ donation including rationalism, altruism, religion beliefs, moral beliefs, ontological beliefs, agency and justice in living right. And third, Factors that influence core beliefs including family beliefs, family relations, difficulties and society influences.

Aim the aim of research was study of positive youth development program effect on psychological wellbeing factors (Self-acceptance, Personal growth, Purpose in life, Environmental mastery, Autonomy, Positive relations with others). Materials and method method of research was experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. Research society was girl students in ninth grade in governmental high schools of Arak city in 2017-2018 academic year that 60 students were selected through random multi stage sampling were random in all stages and set in experimental group (30 student) and control group (30 student) in random method. Finally expelled 7 students from experimental group and 5 students from control group as for research inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research instrument was Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (18 questions version). Experimental group participated in positive youth development program in 24 one-hour sessions. Then was performed post-test and after 2 months follow-up for both group. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. Results Findings of research indicated positive youth program increase psychological wellbeing factors (Self-acceptance, Personal growth, Purpose in life, Environmental mastery, Autonomy, Positive relations with others). These findings were stable after 2 months. Conclusion positive youth development program can appropriate practical plan for enhance of psychological wellbeing factors and concluded to their positive mental health. Keywords: positive youth development program, positive psychology, psychological wellbeing, psychological wellbeing factors, adolescents.