Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2019 | Volume:27 | Issue:121|Papers Count:8

Background & Objective: Overweight people are more vulnerable to developing fatty liver disease, moreover; they are more likely to have increased serum liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase than others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase after doing exhaustive aerobic and anaerobic exercises in active overweight male students. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 45 overweight male students were randomly divided into aerobic (n=15), anaerobic (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In aerobic group: first, a study was performed on the Astrand aerobic test (including running on a barrel at speeds of 5 to 8 miles per hour with a gradient of 3 minutes, and after 3 minutes, every 2 minutes, a steep gradient of 2. 5%, a constant speed, and a fatigue), the subjects of the anaerobic group performed the Rast anaerobic test (including 6 fastpaced repetitions at 35 meters distance and maximum severity, with a rest interval of 10 seconds in each repetition). The control group was without any intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The results indicated a noteworthy increase in ALP and LDH values of the three groups in the aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups (P=0. 3, P=0. 6). However, although AST and ALT were increased by aerobic and anaerobic exercise, there was no significant difference between the three groups (P=0. 02) (P=0. 01). Conclusion: There was an evident increase in the serum levels of ALP, AST, ALT and LDH as an indicator of liver damage in overweight people, which are more vulnerable to fatty liver disease. Therefore, according to the achieved results, aerobic exhausting exercise could be a more appropriate exercise for the overweight.

Background & Objective: Low birth weight is considered as one the causes of infant mortality across the world. Accordingly, paying attention to neonatal growth leads to mortality rate decrement and consequently prevents future physical and mental disabilities in this age group. Materials & Methods: This historic (retrospective) cohort study was conducted on 280 one-year-old male and female infants who were divided into two equal groups of low and normal birth weights. Then, the developmental status of the neonates at the corrected age of one year was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 via t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Of the 280 infants examined, 142 (50. 7%) of them were male and 138 (49. 3%) were female with the mean weight of 640. 9± 2696. 9 gr, and the mean gestational age of 37. 8 ± 2. 4 weeks. Moreover, the findings revealed that the gross motor skills and the problem-solving areas had the highest levels of developmental delay in the subjects. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the developmental delay of the neonates in different areas and the variables of birth weight, birth height, birth rate, duration of hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and some causes of neonatal hospitalization (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, health policymakers were recommended to pay much more attention to the assessment of the developmental status of low-weight neonates for timely diagnosis and treatment as well as the education of health care providers and parents.

Background & Objective: Fennel, as an edible plant, and due to its estrogenic compounds, has widely been used as a therapeutic agent for centuries. In this study, the effects of neonatal exposure to fennel alcoholic extract (FAE), on the onset of puberty, estrus cycle, ovaries, and lordosis were investigated. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 48 female BALB/c pups were divided into 4 groups: control (without treatment), treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB), 100 and 200 (mg/kg bw) FAE that were daily administered for 5 days from birth. Results: The age at vaginal opening (VO) was significantly earlier in EB and 200 FAE. Body weight at VO was lower than control only in EB. A disrupted estrus cycle decreased number of cycles and increased index diestrus were observed in EB and 200 FAE treated mice. Ovary weight in the EB-, 100-and 200 FAE-treated groups were lower. The number of Graafian follicles in the EB-, 100-and 200 FAE and number of corpus luteum in the EB and 200 FAE groups were lower than that of control females. Estradiol concentration increased in the EB and 200 FAE and LH concentration decreased in the EB-, 100-and 200 FAE groups. The lordosis quotient (LQ) was significantly low in the EB-and 200 FAE-treated groups, vis-à-vis the control group. Conclusion: The present results indicated that neonatal exposure to FAE induces early VO and disrupts ovary function. In addition, fennel acts like xenoestrogens and causes defeminization of the brain in the estrus cycle as well as lordosis in mice.

Background & Objective: Hyper-kyphosis negatively affects health status, physical mobility, and quality of life. Corrective exercise interventions are often utilized to manage subjects with thoracic hyper-hypnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multimodal spine strengthening exercises (spinal strengthening, spinal alignment and other such exercises for increased spine mobility) and posture training in young individuals with functional thoracic hyperkyphosis. Materials & Methods: 97 young men with hyper-kyphosis abnormality (a kyphosis angle of more than 42 degrees) with a mean age of 23. 82± 2. 96 years, the height of 174. 74 ± 7. 75 cm, and the weight of 70. 36 ± 8. 53 kg were selected. The individuals were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group subjects participated in a 12-week progressive corrective exercise program with postural training that was performed 3 sessions per week for one hour, while the control group subjects underwent daily activities during the same period. The kyphosis angle was measured with a flexible ruler. Data was analyzed by ANCOVA. Results: The findings of the study showed that the multimodal spine strengthening exercise (spinal strengthening, spinal alignment and exercises for increased spine mobility) and postural training had a significant effect on the reduction of the thoracic kyphosis angle in the experimental group (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: Corrective exercises along with postural training are recommended for the correction of hyper-kyphosis abnormalities in young adult.

Background & Objective: Breast cancer is considered to be one the most preventable types of cancer in women. In this regard, one of the most important selfcare techniques for women is breast self-examination. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on transtheoretical model on the correct behavior of breast self-examination among health volunteers in Rafsanjan city, in 2017. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 92 health volunteers who were assigned to two intervention and control groups in Rafsanjan, Iran. The required data was collected through a valid and reliable questionnaire. After the pretest analysis and determination of the participants’ educational needs, the educational program was implemented in six sessions. The effect of the training program was evaluated immediately and eight weeks later. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16; the significance level was considered 0. 05. Results: Mean age of the volunteers was about 46 years. After the implementation of the educational program, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of movement in the stages of change during three interval periods (P<0. 05). Also, there was a significant difference between mean scores of the two groups in all structures (except for perceived barriers) after the intervention (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The use of educational methods, such as demonstration, role-playing, and the use of Molding (Moulage), has had an impact on the empowerment of health volunteers as health promoters. Regarding the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on trans-theoretical model in performing the correct behavior of breast self-examination, it is recommended to use this model in other areas and topics.

Background & Objective: Toxico-pathological effects of herbal plants have always been a major concern, but little information is provided on the toxico-pathological effects of origanum on the fetus. Due to ethical rules and regulations, no drug experiment on the human fetus is permitted; hence, the chick embryo model is used as an ideal opportunity to study the adverse effects of drugs. This study aims to assess the histopathological effects of the various doses of Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) using the chick embryo model. Materials & Methods: Ross chicken eggs were subjected into four experimental groups (n=7); phosphate buffered saline-injected group and Origanum-injected groups that were treated with O. vulgare leaf-extract at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg per kg egg-weight, respectively. After injecting the embryos with the extracts, re-incubation was performed and allowed to develop until day 18, when embryos were evaluated for pathological lesions. Results: Treated embryos were normal in the Origanum-injected groups and no defect was noticed on the body features. The microscopic lesions including congestion and edema were made in the brain, liver, kidney, heart, and lung in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: It can be concluded that O. vulgare at a concentration higher than 25 mg per kg is toxic for chick embryo in a dose-dependent manner; therefore, more attention should be given to the toxicity of O. vulgare in the period of fetal development.

Background & Objective: Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) have widespread applications in industries. However, the toxic and non-toxic effects of MoO3 NPs have not been fully investigated yet. In this study, effects of MoO3 NPs on ovary function of female rats were studied. Materials & Methods: In this study, 21 female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7): the first group did not receive any treatment, the second one received normal saline, and the third group received 5 mg/kg MoO3 NPs in normal saline via intraperitoneal injection during a period of 28 days. Serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone were measured. Also, changes of ovaries, uterine weights, uterine, and length of uterine horns were studied. Results: The serum level of estrogen in the MoO3 NPs exposed group was significantly attenuated; those of luteinizing hormones and follicle stimulating hormone were elevated while progesterone level change was insignificant. The weights of the right ovary and the uterine body decreased significantly in the exposed group. Conclusion: Our data showed that MoO3 nanoparticle exposure could cause an imbalance of sex hormones and decrease in body and ovarian weights in thefemale rats.

Eosinophilic cholecystitis is a rare inflammatory condition encountered in surgical cholecystectomy specimens. In terms of histopathology, it is defined by transmural infiltration of eosinophils composing more than 90% of leukocytes. We here report a case of 19-year-old male admitted with thalassemia intermedia and with severe left upper quadrant pain. The patient underwent open splenectomy and cholecystectomy. In his histopathologic examination eosinophilic infiltration was found in gallbladder wall.