Journal of Research and Health
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Based on the existing evidence, the most important cause of human illnesses and disorders which has recently become more prominent given the modernization of societies is the individual’s lifestyle. In fact, this is one reason for the transformation in approach of clinical medicine toward social or communitybased medicine. Lifestyle is the normal activities and daily routines that individuals have accepted in their lives, in a way that these activities influence their health status. Lifestyle is an important concept, which is often used to describe “people’s way of life”, and reflects a full range of values, beliefs, and social activities. Given various aspects such as mental health, family life patterns, individual’s relationship patterns, economical and subsistence matters and other issues, lifestyle pathology is deemed interfering in these areas [1]. Considering the characteristics and key elements that form the structure of modern life such as cultural consumption, type of purchase, quality of recreation, human relationships, cultural weakness of team work, lack of respect to reciprocal rights in social relationships, increased number of divorces, driving discipline and culture, unrestrained urbanization, incorrect patterns of healthy recreations, dishonesty, aggressions and intolerances in social relationships, non-rational and illogical processes in fashion design and urban architectures, violations of the individual rights in the media and internet, aversions from law, lack of occupational commitment and social discipline, nationwide neglect of domestic capabilities, consumerism, and development of western modeling mentality, that all in this context are critical [2].

Pain is a natural feeling, perception, emotion, and reflection of all human beings and often comes along with mental and health problems which is experienced physically (pain, disease, injury and consequently death) and mentally (sorrow, fear and despair). This study aims to investigate the role of positive affection on predicting the aspects of pain perception in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This research is a correlational study. Forty three patients were selected by available sampling. The samples were member of MS patients associate and they were completed the questionnaires voluntary. The research instruments were positive and negative affect schedule and the experience and perception of suffering. The data were analyzed using the correlation and stepwise Regression methods. The result showed that there is negative and significant relationship between psychological suffering and positive affection, also, the results from stepwise regression for predicting the suffering perception showed that the positive affection predicted 0.27 of psychological suffering, so the positive affection is a negative predictor of psychological suffering in patients with MS. Thus, it is inferred that the positive affection has effects on pain perception of MS patients. Participating in group counseling sessions, and cultural and sport activities that improve the positive affections may have significant role in alleviating pain MS patients.

The present study has been conducted with the purpose of exploring linguistic plays in increasing reading skill among retarded students. This quasi-experimental Study, being conducted among all retarded students studying in second grade of elementary schools. The sample included 30 subjects, randomly selected and assigned as experimental and control. Then the experimental group received 20 sessions of linguistic plays. In data collection we used two standard tests, namely raven children test for homogenous subjects, and phonological knowledge test, and also two researcher-made tests of reading speed and comprehension with appropriate validity and reliability. In data analysis, in descriptive level, we used indicators of central tendency, dispersion index, frequency distribution table, diagram and etc. and in inferential level, in addition to examining the normality of data and investigating test hypotheses we used covariance analysis and t-test. The findings show that. Phonological skill score of retarded students receiving intervention (linguistic Plays), has been higher compared to control group. No difference has been found regarding reading speed score among both groups. Reading comprehension score of experimental group has been higher than control group. Therefore, the results indicate that this educational method has been appropriate and can increase retarded students' reading skill.

Urinary tract infectionis the most common bacterial infection among children. Girls after the age of one are exposed to the urinary tract infection on the average four times more than boys. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training based on individual empowerment model on mothers’ knowledge, self-efficacy and practice in prevention and early detect of the urinary tract infection in young kids.104 mothers by means of random samples, participated in a quasi-experimental research in two groups consisting of test and control groups. The ways of gathering data consisted; demographic data, knowledge rate evaluation, self-efficacy and a check list of practice evaluation. The information was gathered from both groups after one month. The meetings were based importance, signs and prevention of the infection and recognition of infection that was made by mothers, themselves. Data was evaluated using SPSS-16, krukal wallis test, chi-square and t-test. There was a significant difference among self-efficacy scores in test group (regarding using urine strips and methods of prevention), practice scores (about the correct method of collecting urine samples, using urine test strips for detection of infection and methods of prevention) and knowledge scores (on function of kidney, importance of urinary tract infection, symptoms of infection and prevention methods) had significant difference before and after the intervention. This study showed that the use of individual empowerment model could improve mother’s self-efficacy, practice and knowledge regarding primary and secondary prevention of their children urinary tract infection.

The risk of contracting HIV through hairdressing equipment when using a razor for doing tattoos is increasing. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of the male barbers about AIDS preventive behaviors based on the health belief model. In a cross-sectional study of 104 male barbers, 89 subjects were selected. For collecting date, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used, in which questions on the perceived benefits and barriers, the perceived severity and susceptibility to AIDS and the most important cues to actions were included. Data were analyzed through SPSS-15, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-squareand correlation coefficient. Means of perceived barriers and perceived severity scores of preventing AIDS were higher than other perceptions and the mean of perceived susceptibility score was reported as less than other constructs. There was a significant relationship between education and perceived susceptibility, as well as age and perceived susceptibility. Results indicate a necessity for the design and implementation of appropriate educational interventions to increase the perceived susceptibility and decrease the perceived barriers to HIV prevention among the hairdressers.

Health literacy can be defined as the ability to read, understand and act based on the healthcare recommendations. Today, inadequate health literacy is considered a global threat. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate how healthcare workers communicate with patients with chronic diseases according to their health literacy level in health care centers. This cross sectional research was conducted among 240 patients with chronic diseases who were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collection tools included chew’s health literacy questionnaire and adult primary care questionnaire to assess communication related health literacy. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16. Healthliteracy was inadequate, marginal and adequate in 50.4%, 11.7% and 37.9% of the subjects, respectively. The variable of communication health literacy in 76.7% of the subjects was weak and in others was evaluated acceptable. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between inadequate health literacy and communication health literacy. The subjects with inadequate health literacy reported that the major problems concerning communication health literacy included the use of specialized terminology, fast talking, inadequate attention to people talking, no use of visual and understandable media, no response to concerns, inadequate opportunities for asking questionsand receiving no feedback. Then, the adequate training and information must be provided to healthcare workers in the field of health literacy assessment and using communication skills commensurate with health literacy level of people with chronic diseases that staff can communicate effectively with patients in health centers.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major part of occupational diseases and one of the main causes of disability. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSDs and its risk factors, and assess the risk of these disorders by using RULA method in a porcelain factory in Khorasan Razavi province. This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 working women in decoration department in a porcelain factory. Data collection of the current study was done by demographic characteristics questionnaire, Nordic questionnaire and RULA checklist. Study data were analyzed by chi-square and t-tests in SPSS-16. The mean age and work history of the study population were 28.6±14.9 and 2.53±1.63 years, respectively. The prevalence rate of 81% was obtained for musculoskeletal disorders in them. They were assessed at RULA risk level 2 and 3 with 38% and 62%, respectively. Despite the low mean age and work history of the study population, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was high and the relationship between the RULA risk assessment level and the prevalence rates of disorders showed that the risk of these disorders was higher in people with musculoskeletal disorders than people without these disorders.

Evidence from a range of different data sources show that occupational stress is a significant problem in organizations and industries. Researchers have mentioned that safety climate may predict psychological distresses in the workplace. The present study examined degree of safety climate related to occupational stress and its dimensions among workers’ a Steel Company. The current study was a cross-sectional study. Sample consisting of 189 employees in a Steel Company was selected according to the stratified random sampling method and responded questionnaires about demography characteristics, occupational stress and its components (perceived job self-efficacy and perceived job helplessness) and the safety climate. The data were analyzed by multivariate regression and correlation techniques.The results showed that:). There were significant correlations between safety climate with occupational stress as well as with its one component namely perceived job helplessness ;) There wasn’t a significant relationship between safety climate and perceived job self-efficacy;) in multivariate regression analysis, safety climate respectively about 15% and 19% of the variance of variables of job stress and perceived job helplessness significantly predicted. Improving safety climate can be an obstacle against the experience of occupational stress by workers

Stuttering is an interactional disorder. Parents’ relationship with children is the most effective factor on family interaction patterns. Since the progress of each child in learning language is derived from a complex combination of environmental and biological factors, this study was conducted to compare parenting style in mothers of stuttering and non-stuttering children. This case-control study was conducted, on 60 children with stuttering selected by convenience sampling as the control group among elementary school children and all children who went to the speech therapy centers as the case group and 120 children without stuttering were selected by random sampling as the control group. Two groups were matched in terms for residence, sex and age. The main variables were parenting style and stuttering. The data collection form and baumrind parenting style questionnaire were completed by mothers. Data were analyzed by SPSS-19.The mean scores were 41.3 (±3.8) and 42.5 (±4.2) for authoritative parenting style, 25.9 (±3.8) and 26.4 (±4.1) for permissive style, and 29.2 (±7.2) and 25.7 (±5.6) for authoritarian style in case and control groups, respectively. The mean score of authoritarian style was significantly higher in case group than in control group. The mean score of authoritarian parenting style in mothers of stuttering child was more than in mothers of children without stuttering. Therefore, further studies are recommended on parenting style and stuttering.

General health is a concern for university students. This study aimed to assess power of emotional intelligence, coping strategies with stress, and locus of control in predicting nursing students’ general health. This is a correlative study, with a study population of all undergraduate nursing students. Due to the small sample size, all nursing students of the years: 2009, 2010, and 2011 were selected as subjects, which made a total of 145 students. Study tools included emotional intelligence, coping strategies, and locus of control and general health questionnaires. For analysis of data, stepwise regression test was used. Analysis results showed that variables of emotion-oriented coping styles, locus of control, and emotional intelligence, respectively could predict students’ general health. Results obtained in this study confirm the role of coping styles with emotional stress, locus of control, and emotional intelligence as predicting parameters of students’ general health. This result can be effective in counseling students for promotion of their health.