This study deals with the philosophical-economic analysis of the factors of taxpayers' non-compliance. Despite the wide variety of theories about the factors affecting tax compliance, tax ethics, and tax evasion, individuals' perceptions of whether or not tax compliance is moral can be examined philosophically and economically. Some researchers do not consider tax evasion to be ethical under any circumstances, while some scholars in the fields of economics and philosophy do not consider tax evasion under certain conditions immoral. This study first uses the library method to analyze the existing factors and arguments for non-compliance of taxpayers, then, using the elite questionnaires, we examine and rank the impact of each of these factors on taxpayer's non-compliance. The results show that the two factors of "government corruption or demonic thinking of the people about the government" and "government service" are known as the most effective arguments and factors of non-compliance.