GEOGRAPHY AND TERRITORIAL SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Year:2021 | Volume:10 | Issue:37|Papers Count:10

The multiplicity of management and incoherence of public and private organizations and institutions in charge of urban affairs is one of the basic issues in the field of urban management; Thus; Today, optimal city management is not possible without integrated urban management. The objective of the research: Assessing and evaluating the status of integration management components in the metropolis of Ahvaz. The research is based on applied purpose and descriptive-analytical nature. The components of integrated urban management have been identified and explained and using a researcher-made questionnaire, these components have been studied in Ahvaz. The statistical population of the research is the most important executive bodies in the field of urban management that perform similar and overlapping activities in the field of urban management, including water and sewage management, electricity, gas, telecommunications, private companies, and organizations such as the municipality, Islamic Council City, Housing and Urban Development, Governor's Office, Police, and Traffic Police, Health Organization and People's Institution The sample size are based on the Cochran's formula, which is assigned questionnaires according to each organization. Pearson correlation coefficient and V-Promethee model were used to analyze the data. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the components of urban integration management. In the primitive technique, the ranking of institutions is based on three output analyzes (positive ranking, negative ranking, and net output) and the status of the dimensions of integrated urban management by institutions was obtained based on a score of +1 and-1. Indicators with a score of +1 are at the appropriate level and indicators with a score of-1 are at the inappropriate level. In general, the status of urban management integration indicators in view of managers and experts in different urban organizations in Ahvaz city shows that the status of none of the indicators is higher than the hypothetical average and, respectively, indicators of coordination, unity, good governance, interaction, structure, coherence, and system approach are ranked first to the end, respectively.

Iran is among the top countries in the world in terms of natural disasters and every year a large number of compatriots lose their homes due to these disasters. Accordingly, the issue of safety of rural housing and proper management against hazards is one of the main goals of planning. This research is of applied type and in terms of the method is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected in both documentary and field form (researcher-made questionnaire). The purpose of this study is to investigate the variables affecting the resilience of rural housing against hazards in the plain and mountainous villages of Quchan city. The statistical population of the present study consists of heads of households living in 4 plain villages and 4 mountainous villages. According to the 2016 census, the study area had a population of 11, 712 people and 3702 households. Using Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected as the sample size and the questionnaires were distributed based on the Systematic Random Sampling among households according to the population of each village. Data analysis and processing were performed using various tests by the SPSS software environment and GIS software was used to prepare the maps. The results of the Chi-square test illustrate that there is a significant relationship between components such as high-interest rates on loans, inability to repay them, and the degree of resilience of rural housing up to 99% confidence level. likewise, the results of the Friedman test indicate that the lack of a valid guarantor, high mortgage interest rates, and inability to repay are the most significant challenges against housing resilience. In addition, the results of Mann– Whitney U test and the independent t-test demonstrate that there is a significant difference up to 99% between the mountain villages and plain areas in various aspects. Moreover, the results of the logistic regression test demonstrate that the 3 studied variables were able to inspect 58% of the variable changes of satisfaction from assistance and the remaining 42% are related to components that were not identified in the present study and can be predicted by other factors. Accordingly, access to fire stations and the quality of connecting roads, especially in mountain villages play an important role in providing on-time assistance to people in the occurrence of natural disasters.

An important part of rural tourism activities is related to eco-tourism and enjoying the nature of the village and since this part of rural tourism seeks sustainable development ideas, it can be considered as a viable operational strategy for comprehensive rural development. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study and identify ecotourism status in the development of Counties of central parish in Damghan. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The data collection method is based on documental-survey methods. Comparison of the mean of the items with means of Present situation shows that among the research indicators, Income and welfare improvement index is in the most favorable position and the index of increase in investment is in the most unfavorable position. According to WASPAS technique, ecotourism in Touye Darvar rural district has had the most impact on rural development process in this rural district and Roudbar rural district has had the least impact. The results of the SWOT analytical model show that the strengths and opportunities outweigh the weaknesses and threats and therefore an aggressive strategy to develop rural ecosystems is chosen.

Tourism in protected areas is very sensitive to climate changes, and any change will reduce the duration and quality of tourism spaces. In this study, the impact of climatic parameters in Alvand no-hunting area was considered as an important principle in choosing a tourist destination and the relationship between climate change and tourists. While using the Tourism Climate Index (TCI), in order to determine the appropriate days for the presence of tourists, to determine the drought threshold of the index (SPI), in examining the trend of climate change on the number of tourists during the years (1975-2018). The results of the TCI index indicate the ideal situation (June and September), the excellent situation (May, July, August, October), the very good situation (April), the acceptable situation (November, December, February, February, March) and the state of border (January) in the area. The amount of t statistic related to the number of tourists indicates the positive trend of tourist statistics in this area (the best months are June and September). The results show that the trend of changes in rainfall and drought index has negative values, which indicates a decrease in rainfall and an increase in drought in the area. In addition, the significant increase in air temperature with a statistical value of t = 2. 82 at the level of 0. 05 means that the air temperature has been increasing and has caused a decrease in the number of tourists in recent years. The highest amount of t statistic is allocated to wind speed, which means that the trend of positive wind speed changes is % 95 reliable and means high wind speed fluctuations. Rising temperatures, lack of snow cover in the region and heat waves in the summer all suggest that in the future, changes in climate will damage the natural structure and ultimately reduce the comfort index, especially in hot seasons. Summer (July and August) is for tourists and tourism activities.

One of the strategies to reduce the vulnerability of rural communities to the natural dangers of drought is to make them resilient, which can be one of the basic strategies for sustainable management, planning and rural development against the consequences of drought. The purpose of this study is to measure and rank the development of rural areas against economic resilience due to drought in the nature of the plain of Kermanshah. The type of applied research, the descriptive-analytical method used, and the questionnaire were used to collect information. The statistical summary of this study is 357 households and 10 experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the Vikor model were used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that the three market variables of agricultural products sales with an average of 3. 24, product and livestock insurance with an average of 2. 76 and job skills with an average of 2. 54 have the first to third ranks, respectively, in terms of resilience. It is economic. In contrast, the three variables of ability to compensate with an average of 1. 47, membership in cooperatives and agricultural companies with an average of 0. 865 and entrepreneurship with an average of 4. 814 have the lowest importance of seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth ranks, respectively. Be. Also, in terms of the studied indicators, the villages are divided into 5 groups, which are the villages of Chaghaghino (0), Darabkhan Castle (0. 038), Seh Chagha (0. 125), Jameh Shooran (0. 166), and Rahimabad Sofla (0. 168), respectively. In the developed row, the villages of Kashanbeh Sofla (0. 293), Tazehabadnamivand (0. 355) and Zaleh Vaziri (0. 400) are in the ranks of developing villages, Goharabad village (0. 535) are among the less developed villages, and the villages of Ghomshe Tappeh (0. 624)., Lalabad Hosseinaghli Khani (0. 709) and Latif Lat (0. 717) as underdeveloped, and in the last stage the villages of Qayras (0. 809), Ban Lorini (0. 901), Lalabad Kal total 2 (0. 959) and Qomsheh Baba Karam (1) in There are rows of deprived villages.

One of the factors affecting human activities is land use change that can lead to changes in surface albedo and land surface temperature and changes in these parameters affect the natural climate of the area. The present study investigates land use change trends and land surface temperature and surface albedo per land use in the Aharchai watershed using Landsat data for a period of 29 years. for this purpose, Landsat 5 (TM) satellite images in 1987 and Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite images were used for 2015 and after various stages of image processing, land use extraction was performed based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Classification accuracy according to kappa coefficient was 0. 93 and 0. 95 and 95. 09 and 96. 20 respectively. Most land use changes were observed in pastures and later in dry land agriculture. Converting pastures to dry land agriculture has reduced vegetation cover and altered the distribution pattern and trend of increasing land surface temperature and surface albedo levels. This was the case for dry land farming with an increase in temperature of approximately 8 ° C and a surface albedo of 0. 03. It is therefore observed that changes in land use at the basin level have resulted in changes in ground surface temperature and surface albedo.

In recent years, in rural areas of the country, women's attention to the city and township has created a new attitude and brought them together with intellectual changes in values, norms, customs, and demographic behaviors, so that the context They have created a change in their lifestyle and they have moved a certain orientation to them. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of urbanization on the changes in lifestyle of rural women in the villages of Shahrestah al-Shater. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the method and tool for data collection in theoretical study is in the form of a library and in the field study through questionnaire and observation. SPSS software and Cooper’ s model have been used to analyze the data and information. A comprehensive statistical survey of this research was conducted in 10 cities of Alshtar, which was selected as sample by sampling Cochran formula and randomly distributed 166 women. The results of the research showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the components of urbanism and the components of lightning, so that the correlation coefficient for the model of nutrition is 0. 332, technology application is 325, change in clothing and Clothing 0. 305, income 0. 127, materialism 0. 305, cultural and linguistic change 0. 331, 0. 587modernity, 0. 053 consumption, environmental impact 0. 386, and how to use energy And the resources are 0. 327. Therefore, the effects of urbanism have created the context for changing the lifestyle of women in the economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions of villages in the city of Aleshtar.

In local communities, livelihood resilience can change under the influence of five capitals, including social capital, financial capital, infrastructure capital, human capital and natural capital. In the framework of sustainable livelihoods, the components of resilience in rural areas can be strengthened and the vulnerability of rural areas can be reduced. Due to the problems facing sustainable livelihoods in rural settlements of Qasr Qand county and their current situation such as deprivation, poverty, services and inappropriate facilities and destroyed ecosystem, To achieve the goals of sustainable rural development, it is necessary to create or improve five social, human, financial or economic capitals, physical and natural infrastructure in a harmonious and balanced way, contrary to the general perception of development, which is considered only physical and economic development. Therefore, activities should be planned in five major sectors or areas of work in order to provide these five capital and with an integrated approach.

The study of equality in the spatial distribution of urban services and facilities is one of the most important issues in urban studies. Spatial justice is one of the topics that has gained special importance in recent years among geographers and planners. Since urban services structure, the physical, social and spatial shape and nature of the city; Injustice in the way it is distributed has an irreparable effect on the structure and nature of the city. One of the reasons for the problems arising from urbanization and urbanism is the lack of attention or inattention to the effects of space justice in countries. The present article deals with the spatial analysis of the distribution of services and its distribution among the neighborhoods of Ahar city. The study method is analytical and descriptive and the research data collection methods are a combination of documentary, field and survey methods. The hypotheses of this research are based on the issues that the existing urban services in the city do not meet the needs of residents and the intensification of migration has led to an unbalanced distribution of services. Also, most of the urban services are located in the old part and the city center. For this purpose, first we calculate the shortage and difference of standard per capita for public services and then we draw the desired spatial radius in GIS environment and according to the number of services deployed in neighborhoods and areas, we define them in terms of access to these uses. We have categorized them into beneficial or non-privileged groups. At the end of the day, we came to the conclusion that, firstly, public services in the four districts of the city are deficient and, secondly, they are distributed unbalanced.