Journal of Policing & Social Studies of Women & Family
Year:2022 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 (17)|Papers Count:12

Background and Introduction: "Presence of families in the stadium" is an issue that has different views; Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and analyze the theoretical models of the presence of families as spectators in the stadium. Method: The present applied research was conducted using Q methodology, which is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative stage, after interviewing experts, reading scientific articles, news reports, etc., a discourse space was formed. Then Q cards were prepared and 88 people from the discourse space were selected by purposive sampling to participate in the research. The data were also analyzed using cluster analysis. Results: The findings showed that there are four theoretical models regarding the presence of families in the stadium: 1-Preventing false international attacks against the country; 2-Improving the culture of spectators, improving the quality level of competitions, participation and social satisfaction of women; 3-The possibility of families attending the stadium, provided that facilities and infrastructure are provided; 4-Inadequate environment of stadiums for the presence of families and its incompatibility with religious and cultural teachings. Conclusion: Based on the identified theoretical models, three theoretical models conditionally agree with the presence of families in the stadium and the fourth theoretical model generally opposes the presence of families in the stadium; Therefore, it is suggested that the officials pay attention to the existing views in this field before making any decision.

Background and Aim: Divorce is an unpleasant event that negatively affects the lives of women and causes serious damage to their mental health. The aim of this study was to identify interpersonal and intrapersonal psychological skills that promote psychological well-being and quality of life of women on the verge of divorce to provide institutions responsible for supporting women to increase women's empowerment and help prevent divorce. Method: The study population consisted of women applying for divorce who referred to family courts, counseling centers and divorce registries in the south and east of Tehran in 1398, of which 401 were selected by convenience sampling; They answered the World Health Organization (1991) Quality of Life Questionnaire, Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1980), Queen Dumm Communication Skills (2004), Empathy (1998), and Bauer et al. (2006) Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that the research model has a good fit. Communication skills mediated by mindfulness, quality of life, and empathy also mediated psychologically, predicting psychological well-being. The rest of the model variables had a direct and positive relationship (P <0. 05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it seems that one of the effective factors in reducing divorce and increasing psychological well-being in women is mindfulness; Therefore, it is necessary for the relevant institutions to think of measures to teach women mindfulness skills that can reduce the serious consequences of this social damage that affects the police and the police force.

Background and Aim: Emotional divorce is one of the most important family ills in the present society, which shows a decrease in intimacy and emotional distance between couples. Social capital as one of the important sociological variables has an effective role in the study of social harms, especially emotional divorce; Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of social capital dimensions (structural and cognitive, intragroup, extra-group and extra-group) on emotional divorce. Method: The present research has utilized a survey methodology. Its statistical population includes all married women aged 18-48 living in Tonekabon city. 386 people were selected as the sample size by quota sampling method. Data were collected using a reflective questionnaire extracted from previous research. Results: The results showed that some different dimensions of social capital such as (intragroup structure, intragroup cognition and extra-group) with 99% confidence level, have a negative effect on emotional divorce and other dimensions of social capital such as (intragroup structure and cognitive) with 99 Confidence percentage has a positive effect on emotional divorce of married women in Tonekabon city, but extra-group structural capital has not had a significant effect on emotional divorce. Conclusion: Different dimensions of structural and cognitive social capital (intragroup, extra-group and extra-group) have different effects on emotional divorce; Therefore, more attention should be paid to the capacities of social capital in changing the incompatibility of families.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify the mental and objective priorities of social issues related to the family from the perspective of citizens. Method: The present research has utilized a survey methodology. data collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. To prevent sample loss, data of 400 people were collected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Comparing the average prioritization of social issues in the field of family in both mental and objective dimensions indicates that the average mental dimension of each issue is higher than the objective average, citizens' concerns and concerns about the issues studied are more than observed; There is also a significant difference between mental and objective prioritization between men and women. Conclusion: In general, problems, issues and injuries are understood and discussed by people in a subtler and objective way. It is suggested that considering the fact that mental perceptions and definitions can be examined, family officials should take a more effective step to address issues and injuries and prevent crime by referring to the mental priorities of citizens.

Background and Aim: The family is recognized as the most important unit of society and marriage is the most basic human relationship, because it forms the basic structure of creating a family relationship and the growth of future generations. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between difficulty in emotion regulation and psychological well-being with marital satisfaction in women. Method: The correlation research method is based on structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study includes all married women aged 25 to 35 years in 1398. To determine the sample size according to the number of observed variables and assigning a coefficient of 20 for each variable, and considering the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 255 people were selected as the sample size by non-random sampling method and difficult questionnaires (Gertz and Roemer, 2004), Riff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1989), and Nathan et al. (1973) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and Amos 24 software. Results: The results showed that there was a negative relationship between difficulty in emotion regulation and marital satisfaction of women and a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and marital satisfaction of women. In addition, there is a negative relationship between the difficulty in regulating emotion and women's psychological well-being. Findings from path analysis also showed that psychological well-being mediates a difficult relationship in regulating marital excitement and satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that in order to prevent negative emotions and increase psychological well-being, negative emotion regulation skills should be taught to couples to increase marital satisfaction in them.

Background and Aim: Affected by modernization, changes and transformations in the family as the most important institution in the Iranian social system and consequently in marital relations have occurred that has changed the power structure in the family. How the structure of power distribution in the family is an important factor and influencing the social isolation of individuals within the family that affects the health of the family; Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand the relationship between power distribution structure in the family and social isolation. Method: The present study was conducted with a positivist approach and a descriptive-explanatory type in terms of applied purpose and a survey method using a questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was confirmed using face validity and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 901). The statistical population of the study is married people over 18 years old living in Bojnourd. The sample size using sample power software is 754 people and they have been selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. SPSS software, Pearson statistical tests and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of Pearson statistic show that there is a significant relationship between the structure of power distribution in the family and social isolation (0. 447). Also, the structure of power distribution in the family and its dimensions (realm of power, power construction and method of exercising power) affect the degree of social isolation. The results of the regression coefficient show that the dimensions of the power distribution structure explain 23% of the variance of social isolation. Conclusion: There have been changes in the power structure in the family and due to that we are facing the democratization of family relations. This does not mean the decline and collapse of the family, but it reduces the amount of social isolation in the family.

Background and Aim: The process of globalization and unbalanced growth of cyberspace has disrupted the stability of society and has created a kind of permeable social space in families and has caused changes in the functional, value and structural system of the family and thus the prevailing values are gradually weakening. It has been marginalized in favor of new norms and unconventional and delinquent behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between structural changes in the family institution with a tendency to cybercrime. Method: The research method is survey and the sample size is 598 citizens of Tabriz aged 19 to 60 years with diploma and higher education who have been estimated through Cochran's formula and selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The researcher-made questionnaire measurement tool was accompanied by an interview and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: Multiple correlation equal to 0. 24 and independent variables simultaneously related to 0. 412 with cybercrime tendency and 0. 24% of the changes in respondents’ tendency to cybercrime by the variables "Secularization of religious beliefs, transformation of communication relations in the family, balanced" "The rise of power in the family, the rise of individualism and cosmopolitanism. " Conclusion: Family-oriented measures, creating national vitality, and internalizing religious beliefs will be effective in reducing cybercrime.

Background and Aim: Many students, especially those who live in dormitories while studying, experience the feeling of homelessness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between homesickness and mental health and social support of female students in dormitories of the University of Tehran. Method: The present study was an applied research which was conducted via a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population of the study was 1200 female and master and doctoral students in dormitories of the University of Tehran, of which, according to Morgan table, 384 people were selected by stratified random sampling as the sample size. To collect information, the following questionnaire were used: Homesickness Questionnaire; Questionnaire of social support; The Goldberg and Williams General Health Questionnaire. Pearson correlation test and stepwise multiple regression method were used to analyze the statistical data. Results: The results of descriptive and inferential statistics of the study show that there was a significant relationship between feelings of homesickness, homesickness and desire to return home with mental health, social support and even physical health symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders of female students. R = 0. 55 to (r = 0. 71). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, controlling and managing the homesickness of female students living in dormitories had a direct and significant effect on improving their mental health and social support of these students.

Background and Aim: Women heads of households are unable to maintain their health due to various economic and social problems and responsibilities; Therefore, in dealing with life's difficulties, they need to promote Hardiness and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Lutans Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI) on psychological well-being and Hardiness of female-headed households. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test design and post-test with control group. The statistical population was all femaleheaded households who referred to Abasaleh Charity in Tehran in 2016-2017. Based on the inclusion criteria, 30 people were randomly selected in experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of psychological capital intervention (one session per week), while the control group did not participate in these sessions. Participants were assessed using the Cubasa (1979) Hardiness Scale and the Reef (1989) Psychological Well-Being Scale. Results: Analysis of covariance showed that in the post-test stage, there was a significant difference between hardiness and psychological well-being of the experimental group and the control group (p <0. 05). The results showed that the intervention of Lutans psychological capital has led to a significant increase in stiffness (p <0. 05) and psychological well-being (p <0. 05). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and therapists use this method to promote the psychological well-being and hardiness of women heads of households with the aim of their psychological security.

Background and Aim: Women, half of the human resources in societies, are considered as effective elements in advancing the goals of society. Studies show that women are more vulnerable to poverty and discrimination than men. Homeless women face excessive social responsibility, unfamiliarity with certain social skills and lack of access to resources, as well as the loss of a network of relationships exposed to a variety of social and psychological harms, resulting in reduced sense of security. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of focal analysis of the relationship between resilience and psychosocial security based on the dimensions of social support among women in headless families. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the study was all women covered by the welfare of East Azerbaijan province, which is 3000 people, according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 345 people were randomly selected. The research instruments included Zare and Aminpour (2011) psychological security questionnaires, Zimet et al. (1998) perceived social support, and Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience. Data were analyzed using canonical correlation test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of social support and the components of resilience and the components of psychological security of homeless women p <0. 05. The results also showed that the variables of resilience with coefficients (24. 4) and psychological security with coefficients (22. 5) can be predicted through the variable of social support dimensions. Conclusion: The dimensions of social support have affected the resilience and psychological security of women in the family. According to the research findings, it can be said that the responsible institutions should provide the conditions for free psychological interventions with appropriate economic, educational and cultural support for these families so that homeless women have a positive assessment in understanding their social status and have favorable conditions in terms of security.

Background and Aim: This research was carried out with the purpose of investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy in model structural hardiness family based on family flexibility. Method: The statistical population consists of all married students in Sanandaj in year academic 2017-2018. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 500 married students by model Kline (2016) were selected as samples and they were asked to general self_efficacy scale (Jerusalem and Schwarzer, 1992), family hardiness index (McCubbin and et al, 1996) and family flexibility questionnaire (Shakeri, 2003). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS and AMOS software was investigated. Findings: The results showed that family flexibility and self-efficacy have a direct effect on family hardiness (P<0/01). Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/049, GFI=0/938, IFI=0/946, Pvalue< 0/05) and was significant indirect path family flexibility on family hardiness through role mediating self-efficacy. Conclusion: The evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in family hardiness of married students.

Background and aim: Suicide has been increasing in the world and in Iran over the past decades. Although the suicide rate in Iran is lower than the global average, its rate in some provinces, including Kermanshah, is much higher than the global and national average. Also, the suicide rate is higher among women than men. The main purpose of this article is to represent and construct an indigenous model of the suicide process in the meaning system of women in Kermanshah. Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory method. The data was obtained through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 women who had attempted suicide. Results: In this study, the experience of suicide in women's lives is reconstructed in the form of a meaningful and confrontational experience. The experience of suicide is formed in the process of its development during the stages of acquaintance, internalization and action. The most important reasons for suicide are the concentration of unfulfilled wishes, feelings of deprivation and frustration, failure to complete one’ s identity, feelings of disruption in interaction with others and feelings of a narrow domain life. Gender-oriented events and the role of moderators are the most important intervening conditions in the suicide experience. The obscure area, with its complexity and ambiguity, forms the context of the suicide experience, and women have reacted to it during this experience by using strategies such as theatrical action, endowment action, and protest action. Conclusion: Double sensitivity to issues related to women disrupts their perceptions and interactions with others. As a result, suicide is internalized as a justifiable behavior, and the meaning of suicide becomes part of a person's purposeful reactions. Similarly, with a lack of fulfillment of desires and a sense of failure in the formation of identity, a sense of frustration appears in women; Which over time leads to congestion and eventually the decision to commit suicide; In this way, family life events and the role of moderating actors as intervening conditions exacerbate or modify suicidal behavior.