SURVEY IN TEACHING HUMANITIES
Year:2021 | Volume:7 | Issue:22|Papers Count:6

Understanding the career plateau phenomenon among teachers is important since it exists among the teachers in terms of job characteristics and organizational structure. In this study, the relationship between Content and structural career plateau and teachers' motivation have been studied. Statistical population included all secondary school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019 out of which 423 subjects were selected using cluster sampling. Data on research variables was gathered through Career Plateau Questionnaire (Mailman, 1992) and Job Motivation (Becker, 2008). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. The Information obtained in this research was analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage, charting, table editing and Standard deviation), also the inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, Stepwise regression, etc. ) were analyzed with the use of SPSS software version 22. Results of Pearson Correlation showed that the relationship between the structural and content career plateau and job motivation, with the confidence level of 0/99 per cent in the negative direction is significant. Multiple regression analysis showed a stepwise structural and content career plateaus have a negative impact on the motivation of teachers. The results show that as the career plateaus increase, the teachers’ motivation decreases.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the harms caused by cyberspace in the educational model of students in the virtual education process. The expansion of communication and its diversity in the modern world, along with its advantages, has brought many disadvantages to human beings. The arrogant regime, which seeks to conquer and transform the cultural values of its opposing countries, is trying to make the most of the existing space. Spending heavy costs on creating filter-breakers, producing various games with the aim of promoting Western values, and humiliating the culture of other countries as well as making cyberspace attractive in different ways show the great ability of cyberspace to change values. Joseph Nye, In his book entitled Soft Warfare, emphasizes the ways to change countries' values and beliefs in order to dominate them. The findings of this study show that along with its positive capabilities, e-learning provides the students, who previously did not have access to this space for any reason, with a more access to cyberspace, makes them familiar with social networks and gives them the access to smart phones. This event can acquaint students with the charms of this space and due to cultural invasion, lack of media literacy, not enough control on this space, unknown identity of individuals, lack of proper management and supervision by families, etc. it causes changes in role modeling of students against the educational and moral goals of the country's education system.

Hafez’ s Poetry, due to its specific structural features and unique cohesion of wording, always seems fresh and new for all readers; it is like a prism with a reflection toward the readers with any approaches, and in a word, it is an always-awake reflection of human’ s spirit evolution. What Hadez prioritize most is his poetry with all its requirements, facilities, and obsessions. His utmost zest for poetry alongside his expertise in the styles and aesthetics, has elevated his poetry to the level of a miracle. The evidence for such a claim is the poetic points can be taken out even after seven hundred years. However, aesthetic points of Hafez’ poetry have not been dealt with properly. This study, through content analysis of the verse “ Tell the impatient to feel sorrow for himself sympathize that who has spread a net what will do” based on the Russian structuralism, found that although according to formalism, the form is at the center of attention, it can be said the style of narration plays a significant role in conveying the meaning.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mood and attachment of a mother with the educational and behavioral problems of 6-12 year-old children with the mediating role of mother-child relationship. The study was performed by correlational method with available sampling. Out of the population of the study, the mothers whose children participated in extra activities in Rajaii Shahr, Karaj, Iran, 214 mothers answered Mother-Child Relationship evaluation questionnaire (Robert M. Roth, 1990), Attachment Scale (Collins & Read), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1998), behavioral inventory (Rotter, 1964). Findings were analyzed by path analysis using LISREL software. The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment are directly related to children's educational and behavioral problems. However, the mediating variable, i. e. mother-child relationship, has no significant relationship with children's educational and behavioral problems. In addition, the two variables have been able to explain 55% of children's educational and behavioral problems. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that in addition to parenting skills, intervention to improve mood and attachment problems of mothers can be considered among the effective factors in interventions in reducing children's educational and behavioral problems.

Teaching history, regarding the social necessities and developments, requires the use of various resources and methods, and heroic literature is one of these areas. Heroic literature is part of Folk literature. Folk literature includes a wide range of popular sciences and knowledge, including stories, legends, parables, and riddles. Folk literature has an interdisciplinary nature and is directly related to various knowledge and sciences, including history. The present study seeks to answer these questions: What is the use of heroic literature texts in teaching history? How can one use heroic literature to teach history effectively? The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical. Three texts of (Craftiness) Ayari literature including Samak Ayar, Hossein Kurd Shabestari and Amir Arsalan Namdar, which have a high capacity in teaching history in terms of historical and social information, have been studied and the findings show that the texts of Heroic literature due to their simple nature, explicit and auditory appeal can be effective in deepening historical learning and promoting learners' interest in history lessons. Role-playing, project-based, source-based, narration and traditional narrating are some of the methods that can be used in teaching history by application of the heroic literature texts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching TRIZ problem solving skills on students' Creative thinking and critical thinking. The statistical population of this study was 3958 female students in the sixth grade of elementary school in the 5th district of Tehran. The sample size was determined using Cohen's table of 60 people and they were divided into experimental and control groups by random sampling. A quasi-experimental research method as pretest-posttest with a control group was used. The measurement tool consisted of Torrance (1974) Creative Thinking Test and Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Robert Ennis, 1961). The experimental group underwent six one-hour sessions of innovative problem-solving skills training (TRIZ). At the end of the intervention, both groups were retested using the Robert Ennis Critical Thinking Test and the Torrance Creative Thinking Test. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis through SPSS. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and control group and also there is a difference between all dimensions of critical thinking (understanding the meaning of a phrase, identifying the ambiguity in the way of reasoning, logical conclusion, understanding the coordination, justified conclusion, adherence to a rule or principle, the validity and acceptability of the sources of a claim) and the dimensions of creative thinking (ingenuity, expansion, fluidity, and flexibility). The mean score of critical thinking and creative thinking in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the results indicate that the teaching the problem solving skills by TRIZ affects creative thinking and critical thinking.