Journal of Socio-Cultural Studies of Khorasan
Year:2021 | Volume:15 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

In line with creating a partitioning belt around Iran to protect from India, determination of the limits of eastern borders of Iran was performed under the pressure of Great Britain (GB). In conditions where the GB was at the peak of power, Iran suffered from structural instability, corruption, and moral degeneration originated from the despotism of Nsserid. In determining the eastern borders of the country, and despite the tendency to preserve the historical borders, the king and his attendants were not able to retain the territorial integrity due to various reasons such as lack of boarder-based knowledge, low performance, the comprehensive policy of Iran regarding maintaining relationships with the GB, along with appeasement to confrontation with Russia. This study aims to elucidate the role of Iranian politicians in determining the limits of the eastern borders under the Goldsmid arbitration, my answer to the question of whether Iranian politicians have been acted in line with national interests or not? To promote its colonial goals, the GB has enticed Nasser-al-din Shah to replace Mirza Saeed Khan with Sepahsalar. Despite Russophile character, and considering his profits, Mirza Massum Khan has attempted to sabotage the Arbitration with the help of third Amir Heshmat-al-Molk-e Alam, who has an anglophile character. Due to this sabotage, and only to sign Arbitration, mirza Massum Khan was replaced with mirza malkam, which has no residence in Sistan. Finally, despite the deep discontent of Iran and Afghanistan, the Arbitration was finished as considered by the GB. The methodology of the research in current work is the historical method based on the Descriptive-analytical manner.

Ancient Ghazni, with a rich cultural background, is an ancient region located in the east of cultural Iran. This region has witnessed significant political, social, and cultural changes from the third to the sixth century AH and has been the arena of powerful dynasties over time. According to historical sources, Ghazni has always been mentioned as one of the main crossings between Khorasan and India. This article aims to study the most important works of Ghazni in the Ghaznavid era based on Archaeological evidence and historical sources. The essential features of Ghazni urbanism and The city's share of Ghaznavid's conquests in its prosperity are the central questions of this research that must be answered. The present study has been done in a historical-descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources. The results show that one of the reasons that caused the city to change during the rule of Ghaznavid rulers was the wealth of India, which had a special place in the economic, cultural, and urbanism prosperity of Ghazni. Ghazni's location on India's trade route and markets and inns made it a commercial area. In the first centuries of Islam, due to the formation of the independent government of the Ghaznavid Turks, this city has witnessed special artistic and urbanism; These include the construction of squares, palaces, minarets, government, and private gardens, and Magnificent mosques. According to the research results, ancient Ghazna was widespread in the northeast, southeast, and west of the modern city of Ghazni.

The ability to obtain, analyze, and understand the health information a person needs to participate in their health issues and make the right decisions is defined as health literacy. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the status of health literacy and its components in Mashhad. Cockerham's health-oriented theoretical foundations, influenced by opportunities and choices in life, have been used to promote health literacy. A quantitative approach, a descriptive survey strategy, has been used among citizens over 18 years of age in urban areas of Mashhad. Based on the Cochran's formula, 800 people were collected based on a sampling method appropriate to the size of each region, based on a standardized Iranian literacy questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0. 921, strongly obtained. The results showed that in terms of gender, the respondents were almost equal. The average age of the respondents was 31/37 years. The mean status of functional, communicative, and interactive primary and critical health literacy components was important. Comparing the mean of educational groups, age, and urban areas with the studied variables and components have been rising to the average. The results of Friedman test indicate that the components of functional, basic, communication-interactive and critical literacy with the highest average and with a chi-square value of 120. 059 have been obtained at an error level of less than 0. 05, which is statistically reliable. 0. 95 Mean of components, there is a significant difference in the health-oriented lifestyle of the respondents. Finally, health literacy as a cognitive component and influenced by choices and situations in life leads to increased quality of life, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, reduction of health risks, and self-care skills.

As one of the major industries and the global text, the tourism industry is the most important source of income and employment to intensify the world. Iran is among the top ten countries globally in terms of tourist attractions and is one of the top five countries in the world in terms of tourism diversity and one of the top three countries in the world in terms of handicraft diversity. This study aims to present strategies for attracting foreign tourists to Mashhad using the strategic SOAR model. This research uses descriptive-analytical methods and research methods, qualitative research and tools, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The statistical sample includes the organization of tourism, sales, and purchases of commercial centers, accommodation, and tourism to 13 people selected as a sample. To measure the validity, face and content validity were used, and to measure the reliability, the agreement of the two coders was used. Data analysis was performed through four factors of the SOAR strategic model, which finally extracted strategies to increase foreign tourist attraction in Mashhad. The results of the research were recruited in 11 systems, the most important of which are 1-Introducing the city of Mashhad as a halal tourism hub, 2-Strengthening political, social, cultural relations with other Islamic countries, especially neighboring countries, 3-Urban development and promoting citizen satisfaction, 4-Laying the groundwork for increasing foreign investment and facilitating foreign exchange. Finally, related operational plans are presented for each strategy.

Uzbek attacks and natural disasters are among the harms that the Khorasan Safavid era was exposed to adverse political, social, and economic consequences. Despite the importance of Khorasan as a Shiite base and the civil works of the Safavid kings to repair the devastation caused by these events, the development of potential talents in this region was delayed. The situation became such that in the last years of Safavid rule, Khorasan due to borders Being in Harat and the economic and social damage caused by these events was the first area to be invaded by Afghans. In the field of Safavid historiography, some dynastic histories have reported on these events in different ways in proportion to the extent of their court affiliations, especially in the system of Shah Tahmasb and Shah Abbas I. The present study seeks to clarify the aspects and dimensions of the attention of historians of these histories to the challenges and social problems caused by the wars and natural disasters of Khorasan at this era with a historical method based on library resources and with an analytical approach which is primarily the result of their objective observations and the judicial work of most of these historians has been effective in how to record the consequences of these events. Some of the results show that the bureaucratic job of most historians of dynastic histories effective in how to express the implications of these events, and in most of them, the king is mentioned as the savior of the people in these crises. The findings of this study show that following these events. However, population decline, an agricultural and economic recession occurred in the cities of Khorasan in the short term. It was after these events that the Safavid kings, especially from the time of Shah Tahmasb onwards, along with beliefs of The Shiites, towards the holy religious cities of Khorasan, especially Mashhad, made long-term efforts to repair and rebuild these ruins in the sacred shrine of Imam Reza (Peace be upon him).

Women are one of the most important social groups that play an essential role in society's social and economic development. Therefore, women must be empowered in all fields to play a more active role in society, especially rural women, who play a significant role in an agrarian society because the villages of the central district of Darmiyan county are suffering from weak environmental foundations and are facing economic and occupational challenges. To prevent the migration of villagers and women's vulnerability and deal with the current financial situation, taking steps to empower people, especially women, through home-based businesses. The present study investigates the impact of home businesses on the empowerment of rural women in the central district of Darmiyan county. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on the survey method. The data collection tool is based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all women with home businesses equal to 89 people in the central district of Darmiyan county. Statistical calculations of data were performed using SPSS and Smart PLS software, and structural equations were used to evaluate the interaction between variables. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between home business and economic and social empowerment and between the type of business and social empowerment. But there is no positive relationship between the type of business and economic empowerment; According to field research, the reasons can be the purchase of some home business products by individuals and organizations at meager prices, the saturation of a type of business in some villages, the Lack of cooperation with insurance to deal with crises and accidents, Lack of experience and training, as well as the Lack of many regular customers for some businesses.