CULTURAL-SOCIAL STUDIES OF OLYMPIC
Year:2021 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:7

The aim of this article is to study, and recognize the facilitators and obstacles to transition of Olympic athletes from sports career to social life. Given the previous researches conducted in this area, the high-performance athletes often face challenges to have their sports career in combination with education or job together, as success at the highest level of sports performance, requires practicing in high-intensity trainings as well as participating in great number of competitions home and abroad. The International Olympic Committee has provided repetitive recommendations to support, and help determine athletes’ conditions in this concern in every country. The research method in this study is qualitative, and applied grounded theory was used with Straus and Korbin (1998-2014) approach by MAX QD software 2020. The Statistical population of this research is composed of individuals with rich experience in Olympic sports of country, and knowledge relevant to research topic which is considered as the most important feature of the samples who included renowned directors, coaches, athletes and experts in sports sciences. The total number of samples till theoretical saturation came to 19 people. The initial codes were 644 cases, and after studying the overlaps, and determining the components, 103 codes, and 15 components were formed in two blocks of obstacles and facilitators. According to the present research, the major facilitators for sports champions of our country are, the role of athlete himself, and his growth environment while the sports organizations’ structure of the country, management, and the society’ s expectation from sports champions, are amongst the major obstacles for them.

Social health as one of the dimensions of public health in society along with other dimensions of mental, spiritual, medical, etc. will play a significant role in the sustainable development of society in order to prevent social harm and lay the groundwork for their participation in all areas of society. On the other hand, any social system for stability and sustainability requires sustainable social health and integration of its members, especially through the distribution of power, credibility, responsibility and solidarity. On the other hand, health is a necessary condition for playing social roles and all human beings if they can be fully active to both feel healthy and be considered healthy by society. Considering that sport is a social phenomenon or social institution such as education institution, political institution, institution, etc., it naturally has its own form, structure and nature from micro to macro levels. According to functionalists, sport at the macro level creates a sense of unity and solidarity among members of society. On the other hand, sport is a field of model activities, social structures and inter-institutional relations that provide a unique opportunity to study and understand the complexities of social life due to the dominance of human relations in it as a result of social interaction between its components leads to Coordination, cohesion, social order, social cohesion, sociability, etc. lead to social health.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the cultural and spiritual characteristics and indices of Iranian sport. The statistical population in the qualitative sector was composed of staff managers and professors of sport management and researchers and in the statistical population, including sports managers and specialists, sport management professors with over 3 years of teaching in the socio-cultural field of sport and researchers who have done research studies in this field. Field research methods including interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect the data. In the quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics and inferential statistics including Friedman test at the significant level 0. 05 was used by SPSS to prioritize indices and components. The results showed that in the ranking related to the components of sport cultural index of the country, the highest average score was related to Cultural activities in sport and the lowest average rating was related to Communication and cultural exchange in sport has been. The highest mean score was related to spiritual activity in sport and the lowest mean was religious identity in sport.

The main purpose of this article was to design a system of professional individual sports club in Iran. The purpose of this study is fundamental to qualitative methodology by using fundamental data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of published documents on professional individual sport club topics and 13 experts. Purposeful sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used to select the sample. Then, theoretical sampling was used for sampling adequacy. The data collection tool in this study was in-depth interview. Measurement validity and reliability were performed when coding the review; the results were categorized or verified by referring to the interviewees; Confirmation of research collaborators including supervisor; in this study, MAXQDA Version 2018 software was used to analyze the data. The results of open coding indicated that 86 open codes were obtained from the analysis of interviews and documents. The axial coding results indicated that 11 categories of this coding were obtained which included: The design of the club is the perception of the environment, the executable duties of the manager in the sporting environment, managerial skills, human resource management, marketing practices, public relations, cultural affairs, finance, infrastructure, and factors influencing success. Finally, findings from selective coding included 4 concepts (contextual factors, driving factors, developer factors, and club success).

The present study aims to identify and prioritize the ethical standards of a professional ship. The present research is descriptive and survey and was conducted by field method. The statistical population of this study includes all wrestlers present in the national freestyle and western wrestling team, all coaches, referees, and technical and executive factors of wrestling at the national level. Their number was estimated at 130 people. The sampling method is random. Considering the size of the statistical population, the sufficient number of samples extracted from Morgan's table is equal to 97 people. In the end, the questionnaires distributed and collected correctly were equal to 91 questionnaires, and this number of questionnaires was statistically analyzed. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the known components in the dimension of ethical criteria was used. Its face validity was confirmed based on the opinions of physical education management professors and wrestling experts, as well as the content validity of its structure by performing structural equations. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by ten professors of sports management and its reliability is based on Cronbach's alpha 0/71 was obtained. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics indicators (frequency, mean, standard deviation, graphs) were used. In addition, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used to determine the normal distribution of data. Friedman test was used. And SPSS software was used for data analysis. Findings showed that the average position of rule of law and respect, doping and courage, realism, honesty, justice, brotherhood and equality, responsibility and compassion, trustworthiness, confidentiality and human dignity, chivalry, patience, the position of the principle of neutrality, Generosity, contentment, trust, patriotism, solidarity and public interest in the criteria of ethics in wrestling and its types are higher than the average of the grades described in the questionnaire. Therefore, in all items, these values are significant. According to the research findings, the ethical code of wrestling was designed and compiled.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining The Effect of regular exercise activity on employees’ mental health and time management. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The research statistical population was 400 administrative staff of Iran Telecommunication Company, Isfahan region. Three questionnaires including the regular exercise activity researcher-made questionnaire, Keyes Mental Health Questionnaire (2002) and Britton and Tesser time management questionnaire (1991), were used in order to collect data. The data analysis of this study was performed using SPSS statistical software version 23 and AMOS version 23, in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that regular exercise activity with a coefficient of 0. 298 has an effect on mental health and its dimensions, which include emotional well-being, mental health and social health with the coefficients of 0. 292, 0. 245 and 0. 260, respectively. However, regular exercise activities with a coefficient of 0. 094 have no effect on time management. Regular exercise activities of the employees of the Telecommunication company increase their mental health, but it does not have no effect on their time management.

The purpose of this study was the role of information and media independence of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach. The nature of the present study was applied, its method was descriptive-survey and the measurement tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population included all football coaches, football managers, players, referees, journalists in football leagues and media communication experts, as well as the audience of the country's premier football league. The research sample consisted of 384 people (Emphasizing the sample adequacy of the Cochran sample size determination formula). The sampling method in this study was stratified random. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire evaluating the performance of emerging media in relation to the Premier Football League, consisting of 2 components (information and media independence) and 15 items. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test. Based on the obtained results, information and media independence of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach was reported to be desirable (P = 0. 0001). Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that emerging media is one of the basic tools for studying social issues, information, education and a very effective factor in the formation of social values.