JOURNAL OF LITERARY THOUGHTS
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:11

Maryam Tahoori Gholam Hossein Saedi is one of thean temporary great writers of contemporary time. He shows the pain and the suffering of usual people in his stories. We can say they all belong realism school. Meanwhile Saedi enjoys the surrealism in his stories. In this aspect he has been influenced by Sadegh Hedayat and his surrealism stories. After the first world war, the surrealism school mastered on the litrature for many countries. Publishing Boof-e-koor, Iran also has been influnced by this school since 1320 and many writers and autors applied it in their writings. In this article, with the introducing the surrealism school, the story subject of the "Wahemehaye Bi Nam va Neshan" of Saedi is presented and finally its surrealism aspects have been analized.

One of the main reasons of language is to serve as a means of commucation. To this end, language participants should be able to resolve what they are referring to in the discourse. Refererring expressions and names, infact, mirror the importance of referring act in the use of language. Therefore, the act of referring is a dynamic process in a discourse. To be successful language users should be able to identify discourse referents. This phenomenon has an important role in the process of sentences information structure. This article tries to explain this linguistic phenomenon in the information structures with respect to cognitive status of discourse referents and their syntactic encoding in sentences.

Lexicography whose out put is to provide definitions for lexical entries in a dictionary necessitate the use of modern scientific achievement and this is a dire need for lexicographers to write a modern dictionary for Persian lexemes. Lexicographers gather different definitions of lexical entries through various pieces of evidence based on linguistic and non-linguistic criteria and then classify them. This article seeks to study linguistic and non-linguistic bits of information involved in semantic distinctions and lexical recognition together with syntactic information which are a googd help for the lexicographers.

Researchers in the recent years, from among two things have accepted one and rejected the other.The first one is Saadi truthful and honest about the stories, adventures and memoirs relates which to himself? Or not.The second one is whether Saadi’s birth date which we (researchers) have guessed at and accepted with a lot of doubt, is just the same date of his birth? Or not.Because researchers have accepted their doubtful words, they relate all stories, adventures and incidents which Saadi says and claims about himself, to unbelievable, imaginary memoirs or poetrical fanciful theories.Indeed, they have destroyed and uprooted the very basis and foundation of the building, and covered its roof and ceiling with painting and pictures.This article tries to discuss a logical date about Saadi’s birth and to clarify some corners of his life, his manners, behaviours and treatments, as they are and he himself claims , while believing that every thing which he says or writes about himself is true. As a result, it will be the first steps and a production for a new biography and a real report about Saadi, the great.

The syntax of each language is a mean to express world thoughts and facts, and as the language signs are contractual, every language has it own particular signs and rules. Preposition in Persian are one of the important signs and markers which literacy on them leads us to express the ideas clearly, and to read and to understand the meaning of the sentences and the couplets, especially the ones of the literary masterpieces correctly. In this article, the importance of preposition and its agent is defines, and different types of agents are studied.

Tahere safarzade, as a modernist muslim poet and translator, is a famous woman in the field of religious resistance poem. Her works are the reflection of a period of religious and religious-national intellectual's lifetime from the decade 30 (solar calendar) on ward. The examination and analysis of effective factors and different dimensions of her poem and opinions can make clear a part of contemporary literature, especially religious resistance poem.Safarzade is a poet that under the influence of different factors, has traversed poetic and ideational evolution from the stage of ancient new perception (Neo classism) ism till modern poetic insight (i. e. the stage of romantic poem, blank verse concrete poem, social and religious poem). She has covered three different poetic period and since decade 50, she was a very successful character as a modernist muslim woman.The most effective factors on her life, poem and opinion can be divided into two main parts: interior social, political and cultural factors, and etternal social, political and cultural factors. The Main etternal factors are her travel to west and the study of European literary and ideational schools, being familiar with liberated movements of nations, proficiency in English and publication of her works in the United State and Europe. Exterior factors are political and social affairs, national-religious parties' fights like Jun 5th uprising, Siyahkol movement and Iran revolution, and also contemplation in Qran and religious texts.In this research, The writer has tried to point to the most effective factors on Taherzade's life, poem and opinion by using criticism and ideas about her life, poem and opinion through analysis, classification and comparison and examination of her poems and interviews.

Poetry is the language of different scenarios and the best means of expressing human feelings. At the moments of happiness, the language of human can express his pleasure. Also, his language, at the moment of grief and sorrow, indicates the tragic sadness and sorrow to him. Among these are those, who are owners of the car that indicate their characters happiness and sadness using special literature which called desert or road literature.Writings on cars are definitely a part of a popular culture and a part of folklore that by studying them, one can understand a significant portion of people's culture.Car owner express their thoughts and emotions using these writings on the cars and they are used as a tool for transferring the messages. Among these poems, there are sometimes several ethical concepts to transfer to the road passengers as ethical advice.The present article indicates a new research in the field of social pathology though studying writings on the cars. It seems that the lack of attention to these important factors of human personality causes mistrust in the community. Some of these factors are arrogance, jealousy, avoiding interaction with bad guys, perjury, finding faults with others nasal defect, abuse people, etc, which we decided to extract from the writings on the cars.

One of the major arguments discussed in social and cultural semiotics is the question of norms and semiotic codes. In fact, the individual defines him/herself - in society to which he belongs - through the semiotic codes he produces. What the individual generates as his semiotic codes (behavioral, linguistic or clothing) not only tends to define him positively, but it also defines him negatively, for it shows how he fails to belong to other social groups.What is principally discussed in this article is to distinguish two types of norms: objective norm and evaluative norm. Afterwards, it aims to point to two forces - centrifugal and centripetal- that result in separation or fusion of the semiotic codes. Considering these two objective and evaluative norms, two social phenomena including security semiotics and insecurity semiotics will be explained.Eventually, this writing elaborates on the phenomena of silence, hypercorrection, compensation and semiotic confusion, that are raised as reactions to the phenomenon of insecurity semiotics. Clearly to make theses idioms more comprehensible, different examples will be presented from various fields, specifically literary field.

Language in any society has undergone various changes with regard to the conditions of human life throughout the history. The most important and obvious is the process of lexical borrowing. In this regard, Persian language is not an exception. Because of its geographical position, and being the major commercial thoroughfare during successive centuries, Iran has been always taken into consideration by various nations and tribes who were trying to exploit these significant strategic conditions through military rule, religious influence and cultural-scientific relations. At the first moments of encountering with Iranian community, these factors paved the way for influx of the foreign words. Today, we find more than 60 percent of borrowed words and their derivatives in lexical treasure of Persian language. In this paper, through the literary and historical study, an attempt is made to examine the most important factors of borrowing words entrance in to Persian language and in another step we deal with their semantic classification by mentioning some examples. The most important sources for identifying loan words in this paper are “Dehkhoda” and “Moein” dictionaries and to confirm the origin of some words, some dictionaries of those languages were referred.

Economic is the science of creation of wealth and consumption of goods and services.We can see microeconomic and macroeconomic discussions implicitly and explicitly in Persian literature property value advantages and disadvantages of "wealthiness", moral principles in attaining property, related policies to maintain and expand property in personal and social range and other factors are manifested in Persian literature. The above-mentioned subject gives an utmost importance to the Persian literary texts from a modern criticism. This study intends to evaluate the above-mentioned economical issues in the limits of the most prominent literary works from 5th to 7th centuries (hijra). Some of the works are valid documents either in terms of their content value, or the author’s ruling era experiences which show economical approach of an ancient community in Iran with a powerful and strenuous prose.