Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2015 | Volume:6 | Issue:20|Papers Count:10

The notion of neighborhood has drawn attention of many urban planners and researchers. This particular attention is as a result of the role of neighborhood in the formation of local communities considering various indicators of social; economic and physical features. The aim of this study is to investigate the formation of neighborhood in the town of Aq Qala, and the impact of each of the social, cultural indicators on this process. The research design of the present study is cross-sectional research method and the data were obtained through survey and field study. The sample population was taken from an old and a new district in the city. The sample population were 7973 households and sample size was 320 households selected with systematic sampling. The result of this study indicated that social and cultural factors were manifested in forming neighborhood units and old and new districts. The final results of the study show differences in the formation and texture of Turkeman cities due to differences in economic, social, cultural and physical structures. Consequently, different neighborhood units have been formed comparing other cities in the region and in the country. The present study suggests a local and traditional values-based planning in urban design of this area of the country.

Iran is one of the most prone to earthquake in the world and due to these natural hazard, its cities have been damaged for several times. Tehran as the first major metropolitan of Iran is not an exception from this fact and also due to several faults, worn texture, structural density, dense population, poor standards, unsuitable physical development encounters with a serious risk. Metropolises of today, around the world for various reasons, are often prone to damage from natural hazards. These hazards that cause damages to the life and properties are required to be prevented and need immediate action. Based on the strategic plan of the UN International Disaster Reduction, all risks are from two different sources: (a) natural disasters, (b) the risks of technological or human-induced hazards. One of the hazards that threaten many cities around the world and also our country is earthquake. Iran is categorized among the countries which are prone to earthquake and due to these natural phenomenon, its cities have been damaged for several times. Tehran as the first major metropolitan of Iran is not an exception from this fact and also due to several faults, structural density, dense population, poor standards, unsuitable physical development and ... encounters with a serious risk. Region! of Tehran located in northernmost region bordered of the north Tehran that its matches on northern border (1800 meters elevation lines). A special feature of it's the elevation difference more than of 500 meters; the major east-west fault and steep slope. Because of valley-streams and mountains that can be led to prevention various aspects of development and safety or in some cases provide to development.

This paper aims to investigate housing developments in Iran over thepast45yearshave been using 10quantitative and qualitative indicators. In order to provide the needed data, the resulting of Population and Housing censuses from 1966 to 20 II were used. Method of This study is descriptive -analytical and its objective terms, is applied researches. Results show that the role of the public sector in housing goon striation has declined in recent decades and government policies supportive of miniaturization and macho using on striation has taken place. In quantitative terms, the growth rate of housing over the past 45 years was 3. 5 percent, while the average population grows threat of 2.5 percent. However, all courses of study more than one million units of housing shortages exist in the country. From a qualitative point of view, the durability of the units of 7/11 in 1966 to 9/78 percent in 2011 and increased the percentage of owner ship of ho using has always over 67 percent. Estimated that, ofthetotal7.8 million units in 1404, which requires an annual average of 411 thus and units to be constructed.

Existence of plenty inefficient and abounded areas in cities is the major motivation for optimum use of these areas to inspirit new life into cities to achieve sustainable development. In fill development as the base of smart growth, is a practical approach for development of abounded and vacant areas within the cities. However, many planners and decision makers have common concern about this topic but, how to identify prone zones of infill development are under debate yet. Therefore, in this research, factors and criteria for identifying prone areas of infill development have been investigated. In this research, descriptive- analytical method was used to introduce criteria of selecting infill development prone areas. Three main criteria of level of accessibility to urban facilities and utilities, transportation system and infrastructures were chosen and investigated in district No.1 of Isfahan municipality. This study area is located in central part of Isfahan city with about 27.6% deteriorated areas and 9% abounded lands. EPANET, Sewer-Cad, Arc-GIS, along the Spatial Analysis and TOPSIS and AHP were used to analyze selected criteria, detecting prone zones and prioritize the neighborhoods for future infill developments. The results show that proposed methodology can lead to better use of urban inefficient areas and avoiding expansion of city into urban fringes. According to the results, the eastern, southern and central part of Isfahan city (which is include Darb Kooshk, Abas Abad, Khalaja, Saeb and Shahzade Ebrahim neighborhoods), have higher priority for further urban development and planning.

Since several decades ago, neighborhood development, in the form of a participatory, democratic and people's-centered was taken as the axis for sustainable urban development plans with special stress in developed countries. Indeed, it was revealed to the urban affairs scholars that if we regard urban planning as a man-centered process adapted to the needs and requirements of the town residents with the aim of achieving their maximum satisfaction and maximum service provision to them, then designing and providing comprehensive, purposeful plans emerging from the economic-social conditions of urban neighborhoods will have a valuable place in the movement towards sustainable urban planning. The structure of urban management in Iran, with its non-participatory, centralized, top-down, politicized structure, lack of horizontal convergence, lack of correlation between different urban levels, etc., has faced modern views on urban management based on the urban stem cells (the neighborhoods) with apparent defects. This study, which was conducted in the jurisdiction of Yasouj Town by descriptive-analytical method with a documentary-cross sectional dominant approach at the level of Rahnamaei Neighborhood in Yasouj first district in 2014, has sought after the pathology, the bottlenecks and the potentials of sustainable neighborhood centered planning at the level of the neighborhood under study. In the present study, we have shown that realization of the modern approach of neighborhood-centrism in Yasouj Town, due to the characteristics of the aggregate and local administrative systems of the country, and, consequently, the apparent instability in different physical, economic, social, cultural and ecologic dimensions of Rahnamaei Neighborhood in Yasouj, requires reorganization and planning in the four axes of integrated management, stable financial resources, efficient and professional urban manpower, supporting laws and regulations as common factors for realization of neighborhood centrism. This will be possible only with leaving the present traditional approach and taking care of elements of successful plans in the world and then, analyzing, updating and localizing them as adapted to the culture and socio-economic conditions governing Iran and Yasouj Town.

Integrated transportation is one on sustainable transport strategies which aim to reduce inconsistency in transportation management. In this approach there are three main objects: completing and intensification the effects of sectional actions, providing financial support for transport services, and making public admission for sustainable transportation policies. The goal of this paper is introducing concept and benefits of integrated transport and presenting the map road for implementing integrated transportation in metropolitans like Tehran. So, first definition and benefits of integrated transportation has been presented, and second, requirement measures for it has been introduced .Descriptive-analytical method is used as research method and questionary has been used as research tool. We asked from 20 specialist in urban transportation to determine potential of implementing each action in Tehran based on Likert scale. Although the opportunities and treats for performance have been stated. The results show that the action of integration between different public modes has the most potential for implementing in Tehran. On the other hand, there are many challenges in management and organizational integration. In the final table the most important opportunities and treats for accomplishment of each action has been introduced.

Due to the increasing population and the growing trend of urbanization Tehran, improvement is needed in all aspects of urban life. The first step is to provide the fields of social partnership approach are central neighborhood management. Concepts such as the planning of low participation, equitable distribution of resources only in the light of the concept of "development areas" and planning of urban neighborhoods are objectivity. This paper examines the sociological impact of development in the central district office in Tehran metropolis. The method in this article to improve quality of grounded theory was used. The sample size (44 observations units) 4. neighborhoods executives surveyed, 20 members of district councils and 20 community members who are working in the house or the neighborhood do-is a sort of home services in this study implementation Investments Code of the main phenomena (social change, social anomalies, centered community development and non-development of the central district) and to check the sociological causal conditions, intervening conditions, context and different strategies affecting the phenomenon and ultimately affected by the consequences of the phenomenon Been paid. Plan to be implemented with more expertise and 7 others critical to the entire design-oriented neighborhood. One of the striking local managers and local people cultural mismatch Shvrayaryha.

Quality and quantity of public welfare services is one of the most important indicators of and lack of possess measurement in a district for amenities and facilities especially in connection with urban land use. In this respect, original feature and specification in a urban district is amount of security and welfare of its inhabitants. In this context, the role of urban capita is most important. In fact, in an urban district, High capita meant more possess and lower density. In this study, for measurement of public welfare services is used from services that have important role in people satisfaction Such as Educational indicators, Green Space, Cultural, Religious, Health, Sport and Tourism. After assessment of amount of people Satisfaction according to the ANOVA, three district of Tehran Municipality -14, 15 and 16 - were evaluated and ranked by use of Vikor model. The results show that district 16 with 1 point is maximum possess of public welfare services, district 14 with 0.46 point is average and district 15 with 0 point is minimum. For example, most important land uses in district 16 is Farhangsara- e-Bahman, trans-regional hospitals -Ayatollah Kashani, takhti and Amiralmomenin- and Kargaran and marghoubkar gymnasium. Shortage of vacant lots for future development, high population density in residential textures are most important factors for low point in district 15 and 0 point in district 14.

Population growth and environmental pollution in urban industry and also has devastating effects on civilians arrived, to mitigate the devastating effects of this phenomenon, the simplest solution is the development of urban green space. Urban green space, including the distribution of utilities in the city of utmost importance. Tehran, especially in the area of green space does not have the proper dispersion so that its per capita of 4.11 square meters per person is shown. The aim of the research organization, spatial distribution, urban green space in the area eight Tehran. The research-based methods and capabilities of GIS and fuzzy logic is used. In this study, to determine the appropriate location of criteria such as population, distance from roads, away from urban facilities and equipment, away from industrial centers, are the sport's profile, distance from existing parks, away from the commercial, cultural distance from the user, Your distance from school, away from residential, distance from health centers, distance from the user was religious. Fuzzy operator to implement GIS environment After defining the fuzzy membership value for each parameter (phase of) the linear method was used to determine the value of the fuzzy membership weighted layers were combined and the most appropriate area in the map The final show. The results show that Tehran was not enough green spaces in the area eight and requires attention in this regard.

Diversity and a sense of security, the most important qualities in a residential neighborhood is causing alive. Public participation in local programs of local vitality level tools and factors affecting it. Today, with the expansion of expectations and problems of the urban environment, specialization, scale planning, lack of time, etc., in terms of public participation is reduced. Due to the remoteness of populations of urban planning, cities, only the issue of physical appearance of the demands and needs of the noble and important they do so. In this study, the participants understand what level and to what extent able to create and improve the quality of residential neighborhoods today. The applied research and methods of this research is inferential statistics. First, the theoretical studies carried out, the most important indicators of the vitality of the neighborhood have been identified, and Khy Dv test, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis to examine the relationship of the people involved in the case is sent. According to the results, it was found that significant relation between diversity and safety / security (as the most important factors of vitality in a city neighborhood) and public participation to achieve them. As well as constant and the coefficient of correlation indicates that the effect achieved in two variables influence the safety / security of the participation of neighborhood residents, to be significantly greater diversity of influences is variable. This means that public participation has a significant impact on local security.