Journal of Dental Medicine
Year:2011 | Volume:24 | Issue:1 (66)|Papers Count:11

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia and base metal cores on the color of restorations. Furthermore, the effect of different backings on the color of cercon zirconia was evaluated.Materials and Methods: The specimens were Cercon zirconia and metal ceramic discs with "high Au" and "base metal" alloys. Cercon zirconia discs were veneered with veneering shade of A2 and two thickness of porcelain (0.7 mm, 1.2 mm). There were 3 discs in each group. Metal ceramic discs were made of "nickel-chromium" alloy (Verobond) and "high Au" alloy (World 89) and two shades (A2, A3.5) and two thicknesses of veneering porcelain. 3 types of backing (high Au, nickel-chromium and A3 shade composite) were made for Cercon zirconia discs. Spectrophotometric evaluation of zirconia discs (on 3 backings) and metal ceramic discs was done. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for data analysis.Results: There were no significant differences between the amounts of L*, a*, b* for Cercon zirconia on different backings (P>0.05). In comparison between different core groups, a* was significantly higher in metal ceramic groups compared with that of zirconia groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Cercon zirconia can completely mask the underlying backing.

Background and Aims: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces high-quality data about diagnosis and periodontal treatment. To date, there is not enough research regarding periodontal bone measurement using CBCT. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of CBCT in measuring periodontal defects to that of intraoral radiography and probing methods.Materials and Methods: Two-hundred and eighteen artificial osseous defects (buccal and lingual infrabony, interproximal, horizontal, crater, dehiscence and fenestration defects) were created on 13 mandibles of dry skulls.The mandibles were put into a plexiglass box full of water to simulate soft tissue. CBCT images, radiographic images taken with parallel technique and direct measurements using a WHO periodontal probe were recorded and compared to a standard reference (digital caliper). Inter and intra observe consistencies were assessed using Intra class correlation coefficient and pearson correlation.Results: Inter and intra observer consistencies were high for CBCT and probing methods (ICC- Intra class correlation coefficient>88%), but moderate for intraoral radiography (ICC-Intra class correlation coefficient> 54%). There were not any significant differences between observers for all techniques (P>0.05). According to paired T-test analysis, mean difference for CBCT technique (0.01 mm) was lower than that for probing (0.04 mm) and radiography (0.62 mm). CBCT was able to measure all kinds of lesions, but radiography could not measure defects in the buccal and lingual sites.Conclusion: All three modalities are useful for identifying periodontal defects. Compared to probing and radiography, the CBCT technique has the most accuracy in measuring periodontal defects.

Background and Aims: Evaluation is a continuous process which is necessary for improvement of students learning and planning for required changes to obtain the educational objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess students' perspective on the achievement of the educational objectives of the Community Oral Health and Periodontology Departments using the CIPP model of evaluation.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted using a questionnaire consists of four domains as introduced in the CIPP model of evaluation (Context, Input, Process and Product). Two groups of senior dental students of the dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were approached. Data was collected anonymously and was analyzed with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test using the SPSS statistical package.Results: The response rate was 67.7% for year 6 and 87.5% for the year 5 students. Respondents considered material presented in Periodontology Department more relevant and in need for their future career. However, teaching skills and motivation of the educators in Periodontology Department was considered inadequate.67% of students reported having problem with material taught in Periodontology Department. Overall, significant difference in domains of Context and Process was observed between two departments (P<0.05). In the output domain students rated their clinical and theoretical ability "weak" in relation to splint, implant, management of acute gingivitis and electro surgery compared with other topics which rated "good". Students considered their ability in using the principals of Evidence-Based Dentistry moderate.Conclusion: The evaluation of the educational achievements of the two departments (COH and Periodontics) using CIPP model of evaluation showed that there is significant difference in two domains (Context and Process).In those topics which achievement was reported weak the revision of teaching methods is recommended.

Background and Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to dental porcelain on the basis of presence or absence of silane, type of acid [hydrofluoric acid (HF) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4)] and roughness of porcelain surface (glazed or deglazed) within mouth-like environment.Materials and Methods: Eighty glazed ceramic disks were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 disks: group 1 [HF+silane], group 2 [deglazed+HF+silane], group 3 [HF], group 4 [deglazed+HF], group 5 [H3PO4+silane], group 6 [deglazed+H3PO4+silane], group 7 [H3PO4], group 8 [deglazed+H3PO4]. Then the brackets were bonded and thermocycled. After that, shear bond strength test was done using the Zwick device and the type of bond failure was determined under stereomicroscope at 4X magnification.3-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used for statistical analyses.Results: The shear bond strength for the test groups were as follows: group (1): 13.05±7.7 MPa, group (2): 25.16±10.66 MPa, group (3): 6.7±5.86 MPa, group (4): 15.39±8.97 MPa, group (5): 12.76±7.91 MPa, group (6): 13.57±7.85 MPa, group (7): 0.54±0.67 MPa, group (8): 9.34±6.52 MPa. The type of bond failure in all groups was adhesive failure except for group 2. No significant difference in the interaction between (glazed or deglazed), (presence or absence of silane), and type of acid was found (P>0.05).Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, the best clinical method was the use of 37% phosphoric acid and silane that resulted in the optimal clinical strength and adhesive bond failure.

Background and Aims: Conventional radiological equipments in our country are going to be converted to digital system using computed radiology (CR) technology. If we know the accuracy of digital panoramic radiography for detection of small defects in tooth, it will be useful in cases with difficulty for taking the intraoral radiographs.The aim of this study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of digital panoramic radiography for detection of proximal caries compared with the bitewing radiography.Materials and Methods: One-hundred patients who had been ordered for taking both bitewing and panoramic radiography were included in this study. Panoramic and then bitewing radiographs were observed by a maxillofacial radiologist and interproximal caries were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of digital panoramic radiography (CI=95%) was calculated compared with the bitewing radiography as a gold standard.Results: This study showed that the values for sensitivity and specificity were 62.7% (CI 95%=57.7%-67.5%) and 91.0% (CI 95%=89.2%-92.5%), respectively.Conclusion: Sensitivity of digital panoramic is less than bitewing radiography even with processing before printing. Therefore, bitewing radiography is superior for detection of inter proximal caries.

Background and Aims: Accurate bone measurements are essential for determining the optimal size and length of proposed implants. The radiologist should be aware of the head position effects on image dimensions in each imaging technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mandibular plane angle on image dimensions in linear tomography.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the vertical dimensions of linear tomograms taken from 3 dry mandibles in different posteroantenior or mediolateral tilts were compared with actual condition. In order to evaluate the effects of head position in linear tomography, 16 series of images while mandibular plane angle was tilted with 5, 10, 15 and 20 degrees in anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral angulations as well as a series of standard images without any tilt in mandibular position were taken. Vertical distances between the alveolar crest and the superior border of the inferior alveolar canal were measured in posterior mandible and the vertical distances between the alveolar crest and inferior rim were measured in anterior mandible in 12 sites of tomograms. Each bone was then sectioned through the places marked with a radiopaque object. The radiographic values were compared with the real conditions. Repeat measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings of this study showed that there was significant statistical difference between standard position and 15o posteroanterior tilt (P<0.001). Also there was significant statistical difference between standard position and 10º lateral tilt (P<0.008), 15o tilt (P<0.001), and 20o upward tilt (P<0.001). In standard mandibular position with no tilt, the mean exact error was the same in all regions (0.22±0.19 mm) except the premolar region which the mean exact error was calculated as 0.44±0.19 mm. The most mean exact error among various postroanterior tilts was seen in 20o lower tilt in the canine region (1±0.88 mm) and for various mediolateral tilts the most exact error was seen in the canine region in 20o upper tilt (2.9±2 mm).Conclusion: The mean exact errors in various regions and various 5º to 20º posteroanterior and mediolateral mandibular tilts were in the range of acceptable values (=1 mm) except for the canine region. However, this effect is more considerable in mediolateral tilt compared with posteroanterior tilt, posterior region compared with anterior region, and upper tilt compared with lower tilt.

Background and Aims: Dentin contamination with different materials used in pediatrics is effective on the bond strength of adhesives to primary teeth. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of zinc oxide-eugenol and formocresol on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to the dentin in primary teeth.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 extracted second morals were selected and mounted in acrylic resin.Buccal and lingual dentin surface were prepared and randomly allocated into 4 groups of 18 specimens each.Groups were subjected to different treatments as follows: group A, the surfaces were received no pretreatment and served as control; group B, the surfaces were covered with a paste of ZOE (Zoliran); group C, the surfaces were covered with a paste of ZOE (Kemdent), group D, specimens were placed on gauze soaked in formocresol. The specimens were covered with tinfoil and stored in distilled water at 37oC for 7 days. The temporary restorations were removed after one week. The dentin surfaces were treated with single bond adhesive resin 3M (ESPE/USA) according to manufacturer's instructions and light cured for 20 seconds. Composite P60 columns (4 mm internal diameter and 3 mm height) were applied on the prepared surfaces and light cured for 40 seconds. Shear bond testing were carried out after 24 hours with a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis was conducted using one- way ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test.Results: The mean shear bond strengths were 17.52±3 MPa for group A, 15.41±3.3 MPa for group B, 15.63±3.2 MPa for group C, and 18.57±3.8 MPa for group D. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of group A compared with those of groups B, C, and D (P>0.05).Conclusion: The bond strength of composite to dentin in primary teeth was not influenced by the zinc-oxide eugenol (Zoliran & Kemdent) or formocreosol.

Background and Aims: Nowadays, removable partial dentures are applied to patients who are not able to use dental implants or fixed prosthesis. Although based on the studies the users of removable partial dentures are in the risk of plaque accumulation and unacceptable changes such as gingivitis, periodontitis and mobility in abutment tooth. It is not clear whether the negative effects of removable partial dentures are more on the isolated teeth which are a kind of abutment adjacent to endentulous area in both sides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical condition of isolated abutment teeth without splinting in comparison to control abutment from the aspects of B.O.P (bleeding on probing), mobility, pocket depth and gingivitis.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prepared questionnaires were filled out by 50 patients who received removable partial dentures in department of removable prosthodontics of dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The patients had isolated abutment tooth and did not have any systemic disease.The obtained data were analyzed. Using Wilcoxon, exact Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: B.O.P (P=0.004), pocket depth (P=0.035), and mobility (P<0.001) in isolated abutments were more than those in control abutments, but there were not significant differences in the degree of caries (P=0.083) and gingivitis (P=0.07).Conclusion: This study showed that clinical condition of isolated abutments is worse than that of control abutments. More attention should be paid to healthiness of isolated teeth without splinting and periodic follow ups should be done in these cases.