Journal of Research and Health
Year:2022 | Volume:12 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health challenge [1]. Different studies have predicted that the frequency of diabetic patients will be increased to 642 million throughout the world by 2040 [2]. . . .

Background: Although the adverse effects of COVID-19 have been identified in many studies, it is not sufficient to control the disease. This study was designed to recommend some possible useful acts in daily life to protect people against COVID-19 based on the various effects of the disease on human life, which have been proven in previous studies. Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and World Health Organization (WHO) databases in the English language were used without any time limit to collect data. Results: COVID-19 could induce adverse effects on biological health, psychosocial health, working status, and economic life directly or indirectly, all of which affect each other. Based on previous studies, this study proposed some control strategies to reduce some of the harmful effects of COVID-19 on the individual and social life of humans. Increasing work shifts, reducing risky behaviors, improving psychological well-being, and using more natural and home-cooked meals are some suggested control strategies for COVID-19. This study determined different effects caused by COVID-19 and recommended some solutions to prevent and control the disease. Conclusion: The current study showed that applying prevention methods in lifestyle could be more effective than before to deal with pandemic diseases like COVID-19.

Background: Access to correct information can influence the formation of the right attitude towards mitigating the spread of the COVID-19. Many individuals in Nigeria have taken up non-scientifically approved practices in a bid to protect themselves from the virus. The aim of this study was to assess the source of information, and knowledge of the cause and mode of transmission of the COIVD-19 among local traders in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of local traders from two densely populated markets in Ibadan was conducted using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v. 25 and Microsoft Excel 2016 and were presented in frequency tables and charts. The Chi-square test was used to test the associations. The level of significance was set at P<0. 05. Results: A total of 321 traders (27. 4% were males and 72. 6% were females) were recruited with a Mean±, SD age of 39. 4±, 11. 8 years. Radio (93. 5%) and television (75. 7%) were the most commonly used sources of information, 65. 8% believed that COVID-19 was a result of divine punishment for sins and the majority (95. 3%) reported that COVID-19 was spread through personal contact with infected persons. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of cause and age (P=0. 004), as well as between knowledge of cause and marital status (P=0. 001). Additionally, a statistically significant association was observed between knowledge of transmission and level of education (P=0. 012). Conclusion: Even though they have access to adequate information, people may not take proper actions to protect themselves and others from contracting the COVID-19. Reinforced health promotion strategies that pay attention to the local contexts and perspectives of community members should be taken across the board.

Background: The current outbreak of the COVID-19 has distorted the physical, mental, and psychological conditions of healthcare workers. There is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms and no existing literature examining the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between these two constructs. The objective of this study was to examine if meaning in life mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Methods: The research design was descriptive-correlational. A total of 337 healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in public hospitals in Tehran, Iran were selected using the convenience sampling method. The self-administered questionnaire included demographic information, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to test whether the proposed relationships between variables involved existed. Results: The results showed that psychological resilience (β, =-0. 09, P<0. 05) and meaning in life (β, =-0. 41, P<0. 01) exert a significant and negative direct effect on post-traumatic stress symptoms. The SEM analysis confirmed that the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress symptoms was significant (β, =-0. 15, P<0. 01). Conclusion: Psychological resilience and meaning in life of healthcare workers affected their psychological conditions. Efforts to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms among healthcare workers may benefit from practices for promoting psychological resilience and meaning in life.

Background: The increased overweight and obesity prevalence has been a major concern worldwide. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of a mindfulness intervention on the attentional bias toward food in overweight individuals. Methods: The statistical population in this quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest design with the control group consisted of overweight individuals with a body mass index of higher than 25, referring to centers related to weight management in Mashhad. Using convenience sampling, 36 samples were selected based on inclusion-exclusion criteria and were placed in two experimental and control groups randomly. The repeated measures were undertaken by SPSS Software, v. 22 for attentional bias toward food. The test was done in three 7-week pre-intervention and post-intervention phases of mindfulness therapy and at follow-up for three months after the end of the intervention. Results: The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the reaction time of participants to the food emotional Stroop test. Conclusion: The results showed the significant effect of a mindfulness intervention on the attentional bias toward food in overweight individuals.

Background: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy leading to death across the world. However, patient survival is greatly affected by making a diabetes diagnosis. The present assessed the association between diabetes mellitus and the five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients at the cancer treatment centers. Methods: This retrospective follow‐, up study was conducted on 534 diabetic women with breast cancer who had been diagnosed during 1999-2013 referring to cancer treatment centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and clinical data of patients were collected through questionnaires in these centers searching the patient’, s available medical files. Notably, the patients were selected via systematic random sampling, and also the five-year survival of the patients was assessed during the follow-up period up to 2018. Results: In breast cancer patients, the diabetes prevalence was 12. 7%. Of note, the mean and median five-year survival were 9. 95 and 13, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the survival rate of the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (95% CI: 0. 431-1. 334,hazard ratio [HR]: 0. 758,P=0. 34). The survival time increased in the patients receiving metformin as a treatment protocol (95% CI: 0. 226-0. 950,HR: 0. 5,P=0. 04). Conclusion: Based on the results, training diabetic patients regarding risk factors of breast cancer and effective therapies in controlling hyperglycemia that need to screen in the early diagnosis of breast cancer are essential to improve health and increase survival rate in diabetic patients.

Background: One of the most challenging aspects of today’, s technology is mobile social networking, which has affected the health and social life of individuals. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of mobile-based social networks and general health. Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional correlation study was done on 295 staff of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019. The data were collected using the general health and social networking addiction questionnaires. A random sampling method was used to select the participants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis via the SPSS software, v. 24. Results: Of two hundred ninety-five participants, 153 (51. 7%) were male and 142 (48. 3%) were female. The Mean±, SD age of the participants was 36. 32±, 6. 61 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of social network addiction and demographic characteristics of sex and marital status. There was also a significant relationship between the level of general health and marital status and the amount of daily use of social networking. There was a direct and significant relationship between the amount of use of social networks and general health (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems social networks use is often more in men and single individuals due to their tendency to receive information and news and to have much more leisure time. Given the positive impact of marriage on mental health in most studies, there is a need for more detailed research on the relationship between general health and marital status.

Background: Today, information resources play a paramount importance role in providing information and public awareness. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease and general precautions and identifying the factors influencing the self-care behaviors play an important role in the prevention of the disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between trust in information resources and self-care behaviors in the prevention of COVID-19 on faculty members, staff, or students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 192 faculty members, staff, or students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences between May and April 2020. The sampling method was census. We used a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess our goals. Data on demographic variables, information resources trust and self-care behaviors to them were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v. 22 and Chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In this study, 60. 2% of the subjects were male. The Mean±, SD age was 24. 18±, 7. 97 years (ranged: 18-59). The highest levels of trust in the information resources about COVID-19 were related to articles (37. 8%) and faculty information (22. 2%), and the lowest ones were related to national media (27. 3%) and satellite channels (25. 5%). The quality of self-care behavior in females was significantly higher than males (P=0. 018). There was no significant relationship between the level of trust in any of the information resources and the quality of selfcare behaviors in the prevention of COVID-19 (P>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there was no significant relationship between the level of trust in information resources and the quality of self-care behaviors to prevent COVID-19 and further investigations are needed to find possible associated factors.

Background: Nurses have the most level of communication with patients with COVID-19 who are always afraid of the disease and its consequences. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of health hardiness on fear of COVID-19 in nurses with the mediating role tolerance of emotional distress. Methods: The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all 351 female nurses of Imam Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals in Urmia in spring 2021. According to the target population, 205 nurses were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’, s table and according to the available method. In this study, the Fear of COVID-19 Questionnaire developed by Ahorsu et al. [2020], the Health Hardiness Questionnaire designed by Gebhardt et al. [2001], and the Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire developed by Simons and Gaher [2005] were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results: The findings showed that health hardiness and tolerance of emotional distress were involved in fear of COVID-19. Also, according to the values obtained, health hardiness had an effect of-0. 364 on fear of COVID-19, and tolerance of emotional distress had an effect –, of-0. 178 on fear of COVID-19 [p≤, 0. 01]. Health hardiness an effect equal to-0. 528 on fear of COVID-19 with the mediating role of tolerance of emotional distress. Conclusion: This study showed that cognitive factors in proportion to emotional factors have a greater effect on the fear of COVID-19 in nurses.