JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS AND METHODS
Year:2022 | Volume:13 | Issue:47|Papers Count:11

Target: The aim of this study was the effectiveness of couple therapy based on integrated behavioral system on marital conflicts, couple intimacy and family functions in couples referring to counseling centers in Mahshahr. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Mahshahr in 2019-20 due to marital problems. From the statistical population, 60 couples were selected by available sampling method, and then this number was paired by random sampling method in two experimental groups (40 pairs) and one control group (20). For a group therapy group based on integrated behavioral system, 10 sessions of 90 minutes were performed weekly. In order to collect research data, Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Marital Intimacy (MQI) and Family Functioning Questionnaire (FAD) were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the analysis of research findings showed that couple therapy based on integrated behavioral system has been effective in reducing marital conflicts, improving couple intimacy and family functions (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that couple therapy based on integrated behavioral system is one of the effective treatments in reducing marital conflicts, improving couples intimacy and family functions of couples referring to counseling center. Extended Abstract Introduction Marriage and family formation is one of the most important and superior social customs that in the case of the normal functioning of the members, in addition to meeting the different needs of individuals, can lead to their comprehensive growth (Jomepour & Mahmoudipour, 2019). One of the dimensions of the spouses’,relationship that is important in the outcome of marital relationships is the level of conflict in the relationship and their constructive or non-constructive management (Snyder & Balderrama-Durbin, 2012). Marital conflict refers to the interaction between couples with contradictory interests, views, and beliefs (Amini, 2015). Today, the main reasons for marriage and the expectations of spouses from each other have changed dramatically, and the need for love and intimacy, intimate relationships, and satisfaction of emotional and psychological needs are among the main reasons for marriage. Intimacy is essential for the stability of marriage and a high level of intimacy has a tremendous effect on achieving happiness in the couples (Kõ, u & Bailey, 2017). Abundant research evidence suggests that many factors affect marital intimacy. One of these factors is family functioning (Yoselyani, Habibi, & Soleymani, 2011). Family functioning is a joint effort to maintain and keep balance in the family and the ability to coordinate change, resolve conflicts and engagements, solidarity between members and success in applying disciplinary patterns, respecting boundaries between individuals, and enforcing the rules and principles governing this organization with aiming to protect the entire family system (Parvandi, Arefi, & Moradi, 2016). To improve the psychological features of couples, various treatment programs have been designed and used by therapists and researchers in the field of marriage and family using different approaches to couple therapy. One of these approaches is integrated couple therapy. Behavioral couple therapy is a combination of traditional couple therapy and has used the concepts and techniques of emotional acceptance to overcome some of the limitations of traditional behavioral couple therapy (Soheili, Zahrakar, Asadpour & Mohsenzadeh, 2019). Due to the increasing marital conflict and divorce in the current era and the risk of separation and its negative impact on the mental health of couples and their children, therapists have provided theories and programs to help them and each approach has suggested different therapeutic and educational methods based on their specific explanations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of couple therapy based on integrated behavioral systems on marital conflicts, couple intimacy, and family functions in couples referring to counseling centers in Mahshahr. Method The method of this study is quasi-experimental with a control group and a pretest and posttest design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples who were referred to counseling centers in Mahshahr for their marital problems in 2019-2020. From the statistical population, 60 couples who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study were selected through convenience sampling, then all 60 couples were randomly assigned into three groups (40 pairs in the two experimental groups and 20 pairs in the control group). Initially, all three groups were pre-tested. Then, the two experimental groups were trained in couple therapy based on the integrated behavioral system for 10 sessions of 90 minutes, which were presented weekly according to the therapy package, but the control group was on the waiting list and did not receive any training. At the end of the intervention, all three groups were post-tested and then, two months after the post-test, a follow-up test was performed. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were applied using SPSS software Results The mean scores of marital conflict, intimacy, and family functioning in the pre-test stage for the experimental group were 130. 30, 185. 10, and 146. 40, respectively, and after the implementation of couple therapy based on the integrated behavioral system, these values changed to 123, 200. 50, and 163. 80, respectively, and after performing the follow-up stage, the values of 125. 75, 199. 60 and 168. 80 were obtained. Also in the control group, these values in the pre-test stage were equal to 130. 55, 185. 55, and 146. 40, and in the post-test stage were 129. 80, 183. 45, and 144. 01, respectively, and after performing the follow-up stage, the values of 146. 40, 185. 30, and 146. 02, were obtained, respectively. According to the results, the effect of measurement time on the variable of marital intimacy is statistically significant (P <0. 001, F = 13. 29),in other words, marital intimacy has increased in the follow-up compared to the pre-test stage. The effect of time interacting with the group was also significant in this variable (F=392. 73, P <0. 001), that is, there is a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of increase in marital intimacy scores. The results show that the effect of group interaction and time is established, i. e. the effect of the independent variable on marital intimacy in the experimental group is significant and has continued in the follow-up and has led to a 0. 88% increase in marital intimacy. The effect of measurement time on marital conflict was also significant (F = 3. 76, P <0. 001),in other words, marital conflict is reduced in the follow-up compared to the pre-test stage. Also, the effect of group interaction and time was significant (F = 779. 42, P <0. 001), i. e. there was a significant difference between the two groups in reducing marital conflict from pre-test session to follow-up, and the interactive effect of group and time is established and couple therapy training based on integrated behavioral system led to a 76% reduction in marital conflict in the experimental group. The effect of measurement time on family functioning was also significant (F = 17. 36, P <0. 001),in other words, family functioning increased in the pre-test to follow-up stage. Also, the effect of group interaction and time was significant (F <161. 57, P <0. 001), i. e. there was a significant difference between the two groups in increasing family function from pre-test to follow-up stage and the interactive effect of group and time is established. Also, the difference between the scores of marital intimacy, marital conflict, and family functioning in the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages was significant, but the difference between the post-test and the follow-up stage was not significant (P <0. 05). This result shows that not only the intervention was effective on the research variables in the post-test stage in the experimental group, but also this result was stable in the follow-up stage. Discussion and Conclusion This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Integrated Behavioral Therapy on marital conflicts, couple intimacy, and family functions in couples referring to counseling centers in Mahshahr. The results of the analysis of research findings indicate the effectiveness of this intervention on all three components of marital conflict, marital intimacy, and family functions. Explaining the results, it can be said that the intervention strategies used in couple behavioral therapy emphasize more on the emotional reactions of couples to the differences and conflicts resulting from it. The main purpose of this intervention is to create emotional acceptance of couples toward the current disputes between them and the differences that can always exist. In integrated marital counseling sessions, the therapist helps couples understand their role in creating and perpetuating marital problems by creating a standard view of them and considering them mutual. Integrated behavioral couple therapy helps couples live in the present and focus on their current feelings and situation instead of dealing with the past and the future. It also assists them do not confine their success simply to marriage and marital status and modifying their dysfunctional and destructive thoughts and beliefs. The result of these modifications and changes is the improvement of the functioning of the couple's family (28).

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Imago Relationship Therapy on metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness, and psychological well-being of women filing for divorce in Shahr-e Ray. Materials and Methods: The research design is a pretest-post test with the experimental and the control group. The population of the study consisted of all the women filing for divorce in Shahr-e Ray, of which 28 members were selected using the availability sampling method. Of the 28 members, 14 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 14 were assigned to the control group. Group Imago Relationship Therapy was administered to the experimental group for 8 sessions. The control group were put on the waiting list and received no intervention. The tools used in this study included Wells’,Meta-cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire, Forgiveness Questionnaire of Pollard et al., and Ryff’, s Well-being Questionnaire which the participants completed in the pre-test and post-test phases. Descriptive statistics and covariance analysis were used to analyze the results. Results: The effect of Imago Relationship Therapy on the metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness, and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce was significant. The results of this study showed that Imago Relationship Therapy changed metacognitive negative beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce in the clinical sample compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being (P <0. 001). Also, the level of metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being in the experimental group in the post-test stage was significantly different from the control group. Imago Relationship Therapy is one of the new therapies in the treatment of family and couple conflicts that has been able to change the metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce. Extended Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Imago Relationship Therapy on metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness, and psychological well-being of women filing for divorce in Shahr-e Ray. Divorce phenomenon usually appears with deep emotional crises and many psychological problems in the couple and transforms the foundation of the family system, leading the couple to accepting the new responsibilities (Silvira, 2016). (32) In Imago Relationship Therapy, the couple can understand the unconscious processes in themselves and their spouse and create ways to heal childhood wounds and develop healthy behaviors. Research conducted in this field shows that Imago-based intensive training program creates positive and significant changes in marital adjustment,these changes have been stable and effective in the follow-ups (Golharta, 2017). (20) Materials and Methods The research design is a pretest-post test with the experimental and the control group. The population of the study consisted of all the women filing for divorce in Shahr-e Ray, of which 28 members were selected using the availability sampling method. Of the 28 members, 14 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 14 were assigned to the control group. Group Imago Relationship Therapy was administered to the experimental group for 8 sessions. The control group were put on the waiting list and received no intervention. The tools used in this study included Wells’,Meta-cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire, Forgiveness Questionnaire of Pollard et al., and Ryff’, s Well-being Questionnaire which the participants completed in the pre-test and post-test phases. Descriptive statistics and covariance analysis were used to analyze the results. Findings The effect of Imago Relationship Therapy on the metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness, and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce was significant. The present results regarding the effect of Imago Relationship Therapy on metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being is consistent with the results of research Khosh-Sirat (2014), Zeinhari (2014), Shadabi (2011), Heidari et al. (2015), Mahmoud Abadi (2014), Motejaded (2015), Mohammad Ebrahimi (2015). According to the research, it can be pointed out that psychological instability in women seeking divorce causes many psychological problems in them. When women seeking divorce experience a lack of coordination in psychologically protective relationships, they become vulnerable to the destructive environmental stimuli of the family and the path to conflict and separation is paved. The troubled women and couples, in order to get rid of their inner unpleasant feelings, use incorrect compensatory measures as an ineffective model to get rid of unpleasant feelings that destroy the communication systems within the family (Amato, 2016). (13)According to the research, it can be said that forgiveness and psychological well-being, and provision of educational programs for families in traumatic situations will be beneficial and will provide more favorable results for each partner. In addition, treatments or training that can enhance these dynamic patterns will have more effective results in preventing marital discord. The more women seeking divorce can be trained in this model of therapy and have a clear vision of how to change, they are better prepared to rely on their therapeutic and educational learning during sessions, forming desirable images of themselves and their families, and adjusting the level of metacognitively defective beliefs. This adjustment can eventually provide the basis for the improvement and development of forgiveness and the desired psychological well-being in women seeking divorce. As these women get closer to the completion of their treatment-education plan, they gain high efficiency in their management of anger, undesirable emotions in the family system and harmful emotions. On the other hand, it should be noted that conflicting couples failing to properly manage emotion in family problems due to cognitively defective structures that pave the way for cognitive crises will find the basic supportive principles of Imago Relationship Therapy useful, which leads to the breakdown of ineffective structures and the creation of a new structure in the beliefs and cognitions of people seeking divorce. Discussion The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being (P <0. 001). Also, the level of metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being in the experimental group in the post-test stage was significantly different from the control group. Imago Relationship Therapy is one of the new therapies in the treatment of family and couple conflicts that has been able to change the metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce. Results The results of this study showed that Imago Relationship Therapy changed metacognitive negative beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being of women seeking divorce in the clinical sample compared with the control group. Fundamental research on how to communicate effectively in human relationships has concluded that Imago Relationship Therapy can enhance couples' conversations, increase self-understanding and understanding of spouses, and ultimately boost self-confidence (Hendrix, H., Hunt, H. L., Luquet, W., & Carlson, J. (2015). (23) According to the literature, metacognitive beliefs, forgiveness and psychological well-being are considered as positive psychological protective variables in the progress of family therapies used with problematic families (Kuhbandner C, Pekrun R., & Maier MA. (2010)(25) On the other hand, according to the literature, Imago Relationship Therapy has been used as a new intervention-based family therapy in family psychological therapy (Heidari et al., 2017). (1) Ethical Considerations and Compliance with ethical guidelines The participants took part in the study with full consent. Funding No funding. Authors' contributions First Supervisor Dr. Hamid Nejat Second Supervisor Dr. Hassan Tuzandeh Jani First Consultant Professor: Dr. Ahmad Zande Del Second Consultant Professor Dr. Zahra Bagherzadeh Golmakani Conflicts of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Review: Background and Aim: In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy in the field of conflict resolution and fertility of the marrital relationship. The aim of this study was to integrate the results of these studies and compare the impact of these interventions on the components of marital quality. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy on the components of marital quality of couples. The statistical population of the study includes studies conducted in Iran in the field of medicine and the statistical sample includes studies conducted in this field within Iran. For this purpose, 22 studies were selected and after reviewing 17 studies that were methodologically acceptable were selected and analyzed. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyzethe data. Results: The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments (P <0. 01) Equivalent to d=2. 513, which is equivalent to g=2. 458, r=0. 791 and zr=1. 075, and according to Cohen's interpretation table means the size of the effect is large or high. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of treatment based on acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that based on the results of this meta-analysis, couples therapy based on acceptance, commitment and integrated behavior is effective in improving the marital quality components of couples. Extended Abstract Introduction These days, what is important for couples in marriage is the totality of marriage, which is reflected in the concept of marital quality, and Norton (1983) defines it as the totality of the relationship or gestalt relationship. Hence, for a long time, marital quality has been the subject of much research. Because it was assumed to be related to the durability and stability of a marriage. Evidence shows that most couples go to increase satisfaction and reduce conflict in their relationship, which is summarized in the concept of marital quality. And for this reason, the need for effective and empirically supported approaches to couple therapy has been emphasized. Various models and approaches have emerged to reduce conflicts and improve couples' relationships. Acceptance commitment therapy and integrative behavior couple therapy are two examples of these therapeutic approaches. The evolution of both treatments supports their effectiveness. On the other hand, due to differences in applications, methods and tools, it is difficult to evaluate and compare findings. Meta-analysis is a method by which differences in research can be inferred. Meta-analysis helps to combine the results of various researches and extract new and coherent results. It also helps to solve problems, more accurate results and eliminate what causes bias in the final results. Therefore, meta-analysis seems to be useful to investigate which of these therapies is more effective in improving the components of marital quality (both increasing the positive aspects and reducing the negative aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and acceptance commitment therapy on increasing the components of marital quality by meta-analysis in researches conducted in Iran in the years 2012 to 2022. Method In meta-analytic research, effect size analysis is the main basis of research. Therefore, in this study, after calculating the effect size, its size has been investigated using Cohen's table. First, both fixed and random effects models were calculated and reported. After examining the homogeneity / heterogeneity of the initial effects size using the Cochrane Q index and confirming the homogeneity of the initial effects size in the analyzes related to the role of the moderator variable (type of treatment), the fixed effects model was used. All analyzes related to the measurement of fixed and random combination effects, investigation of research heterogeneity, and diffusion bias were performed using the comprehensive statistical software CMA-2 meta-analysis. A coding form (meta-analysis checklist) was used to collect the required data which is equivalent to a questionnaire or interview in other types of research. Master's theses and doctoral dissertations (Which were available in the Iran doc) that have studied the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and acceptance commitment therapy on the components of marital quality of couples by experimental, semi-experimental or quasi-experimental methods (Their results were published between 2012and 2022). Search sources included: dissertations and dissertations that were available in the information base of Iran Research Institute of Information Science and Technology (Iran Dock),Articles that were available from the electronic banks of the country, including the database of the Scientific Information Center of Jihad Daneshgahi, the database of Iranian journals (Meg Iran), the database of Noor journals (Normagz), the portal of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, the site of academic journals. After reviewing the information of the collected reports and articles, 5 studies did not have the descriptive information required to calculate the size effect were removed. Finally, statistical data were extracted from 17 studies, including 8 cases of acceptance commitment therapy and 9 cases of integrated behavioral couple therapy. Finally, 48 effect sizes (21 cases related to acceptance commitment therapy and 27 cases related to integrated behavior couple therapy were calculated and tested (According to the number of dependent variables of each research and their components). Then, according to the sensitivity analysis, 21 effect sizes that had diffusion bias were excluded from the analysis. Funnel diagrams have been used to examine the default non-bias diffusion of effect sizes. In the funnel diagram, the horizontal axis represents the amount of effect size and the vertical axis represents the standard error. By looking at the funnel diagram, diffusion bias and abnormally large or small values can be detected (In other words, the size of the effects that destroy the symmetry of the chart). Finally, after the gradual elimination of Pert values, 27 effect sizes that form a symmetrical diagram were considered for further analysis and answering research questions. Also, the safe index of demolition calculated showed that after the arrival of 1558 Non-significant effect size for Fisher and relation index, and 6202 Non-significant effect size for hedge index in meta-analysis The calculated combined effect size will be insignificant. In order to determine the final model of the present meta-analysis, heterogeneity analysis must be performed to ensure the existence of moderating variables. The Cochrane Q index and Chi-square I have been used to examine the heterogeneity of the effects size. Results Results for relation index Q=29. 749, df=26, I2=12. 603, P=0. 278 And for the difference index, Q=30. 749, df=26, I2=15. 567, P=0. 236, showed that there is no significant difference between the size effects. Therefore, the fixed model was selected as the meta-analysis model and the combined effect size was considered to be 0. 791 for the correlation index, 1. 075 for the Fisher index and 2. 458 for the Cohen and Hedges index. Comparison of the effect size of acceptance commitment therapy, and integrative couple therapy using Cochrane Q value,for the relation index Q=0. 459, df=1, P=0. 498 and the difference index Q=0. 294, df=1, P=0. 588,indicates no significant difference. In other words, the magnitude of the combined effects in both treatments is statistically on the same level. Calculate and test the value of Q Cochran,for relation index Q=0. 473, df=1, P=0. 491 and difference index Q=0. 462, df=1, P=0. 497,It showed no difference between the size of the combined effects for male and female subjects. Discussion and Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis showed that paired interventions based on acceptance, commitment and integrated behavior are significantly effective in improving the components of marital quality. And according to Cohen 1986, they have a lot of effects. But there is no statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments. The results also indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of these treatments for male and female subjects. In explaining these results, it can be said that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment helps couples with its teachings such as introducing common strategies for controlling thoughts and feelings, getting acquainted with the main nature of thoughts and mental stories, introducing strategies for breaking and accepting unpleasant thoughts and feelings. Familiarity with the values of personal and marital life and encouraging couples to remain committed to a meaningful and value-oriented marital relationship. To consider cheerfulness, intimacy, commitment and satisfaction of the relationship as a value, in spite of all differences, problems and unpleasant thoughts, feelings and experiences, and the pain and suffering of life in general. And be committed to building a meaningful marital relationship, even if they do not achieve their personal and marital goals. Commitment to these values makes couples less likely to react to each other's differences. And so they are less likely to get into arguments and then control each other. And this increases the quality of marriage by reducing interpersonal tensions. In explaining the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy, we can also refer to its theoretical foundations in explaining the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy, its theoretical foundations can also be mentioned. This treatment turns unresolved couples' differences, such as individual differences, into an opportunity for intimacy. Using acceptance techniques such as empathetic unity, allied neutrality, ways of expressing personal suffering in an efficient way and without blame and guilt and distancing, looking from the outside in the way of interaction and reviewing the relationship in a more logical way. Also, by using traditional methods of modifying and changing behavior, it causes the couple to be able to interact, reduce tensions, enrich the relationship, and generally affect the quality of marriage. In explaining the lack of significant differences between the two treatments, we can point to the existence of common underlying factors and the family of treatments. Acceptance and commitment therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy are both part of the third generation family of cognitive behavioral therapies. Despite the differences in techniques, the common theoretical foundations between them can explain the lack of significant differences in their effectiveness. (Such as: clients' awareness of current experiences, creating a cognitive gap between personal thoughts and inner experiences, reaching a state of acceptance of inner experiences without judging their content, helping to identify inner values and more respect for these values

Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training self-differentiation on the attachment quality and alexitimia in the adolescents engaged in divorce with externalized behavior. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behaviors who were studying in the first and second year high schools in academic year 2019-20 in the city of Shahrekord. 40 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling mehtod and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (20 adolescents in the experimental group and 20 adolescents in the control group). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute intervention sessions of training self-differentiation (Kazemian and Esmaeili, 2012) during two-and-a-half months. After starting the intervention, 4 adolescents from the experimental and 3 from the control group quitted receiving the intervention. The applied questionnaires in this study included children and adolescents behavioral inventory (Achenbach, Rescorla, 2001), attachment quality questionnaire (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987) and Alexitimia questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA. Results: The resutls showed that training self-differentiation has significant effect on the attachment quality and alexitimia in the adolescents engaged in divorce with externalized behaviors (p<0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that training self-differentiation can be used as an efficient method to decrease attachment quality and alexitimia in the adolescents engaged in divorce wiht externalized divorce through employing techniques such as differentiating rational from irrational beliefs, equipping the members with special communicative skills and shouldering the responsibility. Extended Abstract Introduction Absence of either parent in the family environment due to divorce upsets its balance and weakens family functions and reduces social supervision and control. One of the behavioral problems that children face in divorce is externalizing behavior disorder. This behavioral problem imposes many psychological, emotional and cognitive harms on children. just as the phenomenon of divorce, followed by the development of internalized behavioral disorders, also damages the attachment cycle of children and adolescents. Because children of divorce lose one of the main sources of attachment (parent) in the divorce process. In addition, it should be noted that adolescents with externalized behavioral disorders have poor social performance and social skills. This process can make it difficult for people to express themselves emotionally, manage and express emotions, and put them on the path to alexitimia. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training self-differentiation on the attachment quality and alexitimia in the adolescents engaged in divorce with externalized behavior. Methods It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behaviors who were studying in the first and second year high schools in academic year 2019-20 in the city of Shahrekord. 40 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling mehtod and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (20 adolescents in the experimental group and 20 adolescents in the control group). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute intervention sessions of training self-differentiation (Kazemian and Esmaeili, 2012) during two-and-a-half months. After starting the intervention, 4 adolescents from the experimental and 3 from the control group quitted receiving the intervention. The applied questionnaires in this study included children and adolescents behavioral inventory (Achenbach, Rescorla, 2001), attachment quality questionnaire (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987) and Alexitimia questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA. Findings According to the results, self-differentiation training was able to lead to a significant difference in the mean scores of dependent variables (quality of attachment and alexitimia of divorced adolescents with externalized behavior disorder) in the post-test stage. For change, self-differentiation training has been able to improve the quality of attachment and decrease alexitimia of divorced adolescents with externalizing behavior disorder. The effect of self-differentiation training on the quality of attachment and alexitimia of divorced adolescents with externalized behavior disorder in the post-test stage was 0. 62 and 0. 54, respectively. Discussion In the present explanation on the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on the quality of divorce adolescents' attachment to externalized behavior disorder, it can be stated that self-differentiation training pursues the goal that individuals control their emotions and thoughts independently based on their personality and not others. Based on this, it can be said that self-differentiation training causes adolescents with divorced parents to separate themselves from mixing with the feelings of parental separation and to be able to better manage their emotional, psychological and cognitive processes. Acquiring and perceiving the ability in this area causes the adolescent to show more problem-solving power and behavioral control, and as a result, experience a higher quality of attachment. Explaining the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on alexitimia of divorced adolescents with externalized behavior disorder, it should be stated that differentiated individuals are not easily influenced by others as well as cognitive and psychological processes and do not show signs of harm. Accordingly, self-differentiation training by creating a process of differentiation causes divorce adolescents with externalized behavior disorder not to be affected by external harmful factors such as parental divorce, and on the other hand show less avoidant behavior and thoughts, thus improving cognitive processing. And emotionally, to reduce the extent of their alexitimia. In addition, self-differentiation training strikes a balance between emotion and cognition. by establishing this balance as a result of self-differentiation training, divorced adolescents with externalized behavioral disorders can better separate themselves from the context of emotions and by establishing a balance between cognition, feelings and emotions.

Background and Aim: The health sector is one of the most important areas of sustainable development in human societies due to its direct relationship with human health, which requires healthy, enthusiastic and highly motivated therapists. Nursing staff are among these therapists. The aim of this study was to design a structural model for predicting burnout based on organizational commitment mediated by psychological capital in female nurses of military hospitals in Tehran. Methodology: This is a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling Was. The study population was all female nurses in military hospitals in Tehran. Number of samples In this study, 330 people were estimated who were randomly selected. To do this The study used the Maslash Burnout Questionnaire, Allen & Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and Lutans Psychological Capital. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results of the study confirmed the effect of organizational commitment on burnout with the mediating role of psychological capital in the study population. Conclusion: The most important result of the present study was that by strengthening the commitment and psychological capital, nurses' burnout can be reduced. Extended Abstract Introduction The health care system has a special role in ensuring the health of the community. Nurses as one of the important and influential members of this system to play a very important role in this matter (1). Job performance and professional development of nurses are affected by several factors, one of which is organizational commitment (2). Methodology The research method used in this study was descriptive of the type of correlation, specifically modeling structural equations. The research community includes female nurses in hospitals. The military of Tehran province was serving in 1398. Determining the sample size is very important for collecting data related to structural equation modeling. Although there is no general agreement about the sample size required for factor analysis and structural model, but according to many researchers such as Klein (2010) the minimum sample size is 200 (3). Accordingly, in this study, the sample size of 330 female nurses was selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires: Maslash (1993), Allen and Meyer (1990), and Lutans. In this study, spss-v23 and-v8. 8 LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to test the research hypothesis. Findings The present study was conducted to design a structural model for predicting burnout based on organizational commitment mediated by psychological capital in nurses. First, by examining statistical assumptions using mean tests, standard deviation, elongation and skewness of normal data, the data were confirmed and the measurement model of the three research variables was examined. the results in Table (1) Indicates that the data is normal. According to Table (2), the value of RMSEA is equal to 0. 079, so this value is less than 0. 1, which indicates that the mean squared error of the model is appropriate and the model is acceptable. . The CFI, GFI and AGF indices are almost equal to and greater than 0. 8, indicating that the model for measuring research variables is a suitable model. Table (4) shows that the effect of organizational commitment on burnout through psychological capital is-0. 72. Discussion The aim of this study was to design a structural model for predicting burnout based on organizational commitment mediated by psychological capital in female nurses of military hospitals in Tehran. Organizational commitment through psychological capital has an indirect effect on nurses' burnout. Organizational commitment to burnout indirectly mediated by psychological capital is-0. 72. Therefore, it is inferred that the research hypothesis is confirmed. Psychological capital showed a complete mediating role in the effect of organizational commitment on burnout. This finding shows that psychological capital absorbs the effects of organizational commitment and affects burnout. Conclusion Based on the available findings, organizational commitment through psychological capital has an indirect effect on nurses' burnout. . Explaining this finding, it should be stated that when employees are confident in their abilities and talents in performing their duties, a kind of motivation for job success is created in them, which results in an active and constructive presence in the organization. obligation. And employees' emotional dependence on the organization increases. Then show your emotional commitment to the employees' interest, attachment and belonging to the job and the desire to stay to continue that attachment and service to the organization. The less hope there is in employees, the less belonging, dependence and active presence in the organization. And the identity of employees will not determine the goals and values of the organization. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines In this study, ethical standards includingobtaining informed consent, guaranteeingprivacy and confidentiality were observed. Also, at the time of completing the questionnaires, while emphasizing thecompletion of all questions, the participantswere free to leave the research at any timeand provide personal information, and theywere assured that their information wouldremain confidential, and this was fullyobserved. Funding All costs of this research are provided by theauthors and there is no financial suppor Authors' Contributions Design and conceptualization: FaribaHassani and ZinabRasouli, Methodologyand data analysis: AliakbarKHosravi and Mahdi Zare, Supervision and final writing: ZinabRasouli Conflicts of interest This article is taken from the doctoral dissertation of the second author of the article and has no conflict of interest and its publication will not cause material and moral damage to a particular person or organization

Introduction and Objectives: Conscious and deliberate behaviours that despite of positive consequences finally led to failure are called self-defeating behaviours. The major aim of the current research was “, Construction, Reliability and Validity of Academic Self-defeating Behaviour Questionnaire in Adolescents”, . Materials and Methods: In this descriptive survey study the statistical population included the secondary school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. The research sample included a total of 1265 person (548 boys and 717 girls) that selected by cluster random sampling methods. To develop the questionnaire, we reviewed previous studies of Academic Self-defeating Behaviour, Cunningham Self-defeating Behavior Questionnaire (54) and investigating components based on theoretical literature. To evaluate the construct validity, data were divided into two groups (633 and 632 people). The first half data were used for exploratory factor analysis and the second half data were used for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 35 items have high loading on 3 factors, included "procrastination/self-handicapping, " "inability to goal orientation/performance, " and "inaccurate self-assessment, " which together explained 0/38 of the total variance of questionnaire. After combining the items, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model has a good fit with the data. Too the internal consistency of the total questionnaire was obtained 0. 85. Discussion and Conclusion: The present questionnaire was developed to investigate academic self-defeating behaviour and our findings revealed that the mentioned questionnaire met desirable validity and reliability, so that it can be used along with other diagnostic tools to assess academic self-defeating behaviour. Extended Abstract Introduction Conscious and deliberate behaviors that lead to failure or harming oneself with a negative effect on well-being are called self-defeating behaviors. Although those involving these behaviors are permanently looking for positive consequences, they will face the negative ones in the long term (5). Renn, Allen, Fedro, and Davis (6) believe that self-defeating behavior will result in the following problems: procrastination, inaccurate self-assessment, self-handicapping, emotional self-absorption, escalation of commitment, and inability to delay gratification (7). In Cunningham’, s inventory, some components weren’, t assessed, such as inability to self-regulation, low self-esteem, an inability to goal orientation for academic self-defeating behaviors. There was a comprehensive test that covered all these dimensions. So, in the present study to cover all components that referred in the theoretical literature to defining self-defeating, it is used other tools that, combined with Cunningham’, s inventory, can present a relative comprehensive size of academic self-defeating behaviors. So, the researchers in the present study used Cunningham’, s inventory, Cooper Smith Self-Esteem inventory to examine self-esteem components, Elliot & McGregor’, s goal orientation questionnaire to examine inability in goal orientation, and Tangeny and et al. (2004) self-control questionnaire to examine self-regulation. Regarding the important role that academic self-defeating behaviors play in learning, the researchers decided to perform the research titled: “, Construction, Reliability, and Validity of Academic Self-defeating Behaviour questionnaire”,on statistical population students who study in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of high school in Tehran. Materials and Methods The present study was a kind of descriptive survey and applied research. The statistical population was 1256 girls (717) and boys (548) 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of high school in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400 that choose by clustering sampling. The components of the survey are collected through several questionnaires: 1. Cunningham self-defeating inventory (SDBC), such as procrastination, self-handicapping, inaccurate self-assessment, escalation commitment, inability to delay gratification, emotional self-absorption. 2. Decision-Making Style inventory (60) 3. Self-esteem inventory (55) 4. Goal orientation questionnaire (56), 5. Procrastination (61), Self-control questionnaire (57). In the first stage, it is a prepared questionnaire with 50 components, and it is designed based on LikertScale (completely disagree to completely agree). After primary implementation and examination by professionals and researchers, it is reduced to 38 items. It is used face and content and constructs validity (confirmatory and exploratory analysis) and Cronbach’, salpha respectively to validity and reliability. Findings The self-defeating questionnaire included 38 components after analyzing and primary evaluating and modifying inappropriate components. To analyze the data, at first, the construct validity was approved through exploratory factor analysis (PCA). KMO index calculated 0/901 to examine sampling quality, and Bartlett’, s Test of sphericity is significant statistically that indicated approving implementing exploratory factor analysis. The analysis results showed that nine components are higher than one that inferring the 55/23 percent of the total variance. But the result of the scree test supported three factors. For the second time, it used Varimax rotation,three components were deleted because of a lack of factor load higher than 0. 4 on three extracted factors. The fit indexes weren’, t good at the first time except for RMSEA. After using exploratory factor analysis through integrating components, again it used confirmatory factor analysis by AMOS 24 and ML, and the fit indexes indicated proportionality of model to collected data. (x2/df=4/87, CFI= 0/903, GFI= 0/913, AGFI = 0/872, RMSEA = 0/078). The results based on confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis showed that extracted factors inferred the test’, s variance reasonably. The internal consistency of the questionnaire and its components for the first, second, and third components were 0/91, 0/71, 0/62, respectively, and the total Cronbach’, s Alpha coefficient was 0/85. Also, the findings showed that self-defeating questionnaire got an appropriate internal consistency, and there is a positive and significant correlation between components that indicate optimistic internal consistency. Discussion The results of the present study based on confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis showed that the extracted factors from this questionnaire inferred well test’, s variance. The procrastination/ self-handicapping as the first factor from this questionnaire are correlated to components that its contents included features such as procrastinating, preparing for the test, avoidance of decision making, controlling on yourself (thinking, emotions, impact, performance), inability feeling, drowning in social commitment, creating obstacles to succeeding, focus on perception. The second factor was the inability to performing/goal orientation with regard to related concepts to academic self-defeating behaviors. The factor was correlated to components that included emphasizing excelling, done tasks better than others, lack of mental and practical independence of decision-maker, and it isn’, t examined in Cunningham’, s inventory. Finally, the third factor was inaccurate self-assessment and is related to components that included social self-esteem, total self-esteem, and academic self-esteem. Conclusion The present study examined the constructing and validating academic self-defeating behaviors questionnaire in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of high school in Tehran. The extracted factors from the questionnaire included: procrastination/ self-handicapping, inability to perform/ goal orientation, inaccurate self-assessment can infer the dimension of academic self-defeating behaviors. It is a token account of literature and contents of components to entitling extracted factoring. It is noted that briefing and comprehensive components included noted concepts in conceptual literature and it is implemented easily individually or collectively and applied easily to research activities as its advantage. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines The present study received an ethical code (IR. IAU. SRB. REC. 1399. 200) from Ethics Committee in Research from Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch before performing the questionnaire. Besides, the authors were committed to regarding the ethical principles and the participants’,content to take part in the study during the research. Funding No funding. Authors’,contributions Author and Researcher: BaharehAjdarbin, in cooperation with the Supervisor and Advisor of doctoral dissertations Conflict of Interests The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Introduction: One of the most critical periods of life is adolescence. It is a period of rapid physical growth and emotional and psychological changes. Most behavioral incompatibilities are manifested in this period. Tendency to high-risk behaviors is one of the behavioral maladaptations of adolescence. Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all male high school students in the city of Langrud who were studying in the academic year 1399-1400. Participants in the study were 265students from different schools in Langarud who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale(IARS), the Bamrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire, the Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS) and the Adjustment Questionnaire. Excitement of John and Gross (2002) was collected. Structural equation modeling and AMOS software were used to evaluate the fit of the researcher's proposed model. Findings: Parenting styles powerfully, authoritarian and careless, have a significant effect on high-risk behavior by regulating emotion and resilience. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, powerfully parenting style leads to a reduction in high-risk behaviors. Extended Abstract Introduction One of the most sensitive periods of life is adolescence. Adolescence is a period in which most behavioral incompatibilities occur. Tendency to high-risk behaviors is one of the behavioral maladaptations of adolescence. Important factors are involved in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors in adolescents, both in the adolescent environment and in the individual. One of the factors that can strongly influence adolescents' behaviors in the family context and increase the likelihood of high-risk behaviors in them is the parenting styles that adolescents understand. Lack of communication with parents in adolescent life will lead to weaker and more superficial parent-child interactions, which in turn will lead to complex problems in the future. By affecting variables such as resilience and emotion regulation, this variable can also play a role in the formation of high-risk behaviors in adolescents. Materials and Methods The present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all high school male students in Langrud who were studying in the academic year 1399-1400. Participants in the study were 265 students from different schools in Langarud who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Thus, from all public schools for boys in the second secondary school of Langrud city, which is 7 schools, 4 schools were randomly selected. Then, one class was randomly selected from each school and each field and all students of those classes were examined as a research sample. The final cluster of the study included students who participated in selected classes. Data were collected using the Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale (IARS), the Bamrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS) and the John &Gross (2002) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and AMOS software were used to evaluate the fit of the researcher's proposed model. Findings Parenting styles powerfully, authoritarian and careless, have a significant effect on high-risk behavior by regulating emotion and resilience. Among the variables affecting high-risk behavior, the most total effect is related to emotion regulation, which indicates the importance of this variable in predicting high-risk behavior. Among the variables affecting resilience, the most total effect is related to the powerfully style, which indicates the importance of this variable in predicting resilience. Among the variables affecting emotion regulation, the most total effect is related to powerfully style, which indicates the importance of this variable in predicting emotion regulation. Discussion and Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, powerfully parenting style leads to a reduction in high-risk behaviors. Adolescents with strong parents have higher levels of psychosocial abilities than other styles. These people are more adaptable and self-sufficient and are confident in their abilities, have more talent for progress and have less problems than their peers. Children with whom their parents communicate openly and positively, while giving them appropriate age freedom and independence, are less likely to have behavioral problems.

Introduction & Objective: Today, eating disorders are one of the most significant mental disorders and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between eating disorders and self-harming behaviors in female students. Materials and Methods: The method of this descriptive-correlational study was based on the method of modeling regression structural equations. Statistical population: 250 female students were studying in Gorgan universities in 2020-2021. They were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of self-compassion (2003), self-harm Sanson (1998) and Garner (1979) eating feedback questionnaire. SPSS and Liserl_8. 80 software structural equations were used to evaluate the assumed models. Results: Data analysis using structural equation test showed that the model has a good fit. Overall, the findings suggest that self-compassion in students can mediate the effects of eating disorders and self-harming behaviors. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the model mentioned in the research, by developing programs to increase students' self-compassion, eating disorders and self-harming behaviors can be reduced. Extended Abstract Introduction Today, eating disorders are one of the most notable mental disorders and its prevalence has increased in recent decades (1). Eating and eating disorders are characterized by persistent eating disorders or eating behaviors that lead to changes in food intake or absorption and severe damage to physical health and mental and social function (3). Young people, especially women, pay special attention to their weight and body shape for various reasons, including cultural, social and racial factors (5). Psychological factors may also be seen in the form of self-harming behaviors in people with eating disorders (8). Self-harming behavior is defined as the intentional destruction or alteration of body tissues that leads to tissue damage (9). One of the psychological problems of people with eating disorders is lack of self-compassion (15). Compassion is the experience of a sense of care and kindness towards oneself, adopting an attitude free from evaluation and with understanding and understanding of one's inadequacies and failures (17). Early detection and intervention in eating disorders can reduce the risk of developing related diseases. Given the importance of diagnosing and treating eating disorders and the close relationship between self-harming behaviors and the fact that no research has been conducted on the role of self-compassion in relation to eating disorders and self-harming behaviors, this study aims to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion. It has been done between eating disorders and self-harming behaviors in girls. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive correlational study through structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the present study included all female students studying in Gorgan universities in 2020-2021. The sample size was 250 people. Which were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were Nef Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003), Sanson Self-Injury Questionnaire (1998) and Garner Eating Feedback Questionnaire (1979). Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation method and path analysis of structural equations using SPSS software version 22 and Liserl_8. 80. Findings Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between eating disorder and self-harming behaviors with self-compassion. The values obtained for the path analysis fit indices showed that in general, the model is in a good position to explain and fit. There is also a significant negative relationship between eating disorders and self-harming behaviors with self-compassion, and self-compassion in students can mediate the effects of eating disorders and self-harming behaviors. Discussion Explaining the research findings, it can be said that people who have higher self-compassion experience less negative emotions in experiencing unpleasant events, especially experiences that involve social evaluation and comparison (human sharing component) as well as self-awareness component of self-help. Prevents the formation of pessimistic thoughts and rumination as a central feature of self-harming behaviors. Also, low self-pity is associated with self-criticism and self-condemnation. Individuals are less self-compassionate, behave hostilely and self-critically, reject feelings, thoughts, and values, are isolated, and feel ashamed of their failures, so they are more likely to engage in self-inflicted behaviors. . Components of self-kindness, mindfulness, and a sense of shared experience with others are important protective factors for reducing self-harming behaviors, while self-criticism and isolation are risk factors for self-harming actions (37). Conclusion In fact, compassion acts as a shock to the effects of negative events. People with high self-esteem because they judge themselves with less rigor, because their judgment in these people does not tend to an exaggerated self-criticism, nor to a self-defensive inflation. Self-compassion is associated with lower levels of negative emotions in the three situations of overeating, weight loss, and restraint of the mouth, and facilitates the ability of individuals to cope with negative emotions (38). Compassion provides a unique way through adaptive emotions and self-regulatory skills (such as tolerating bad emotions) and acceptance in the face of trying to suppress or escape,Therefore, self-compassion is more compatible with more self-control and less intensity of eating, so compassion reduces overeating and diet in people with eating disorders (1). Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects answered the questionnaires with complete satisfaction Funding No funding. Contribution of Authors Design and ideation: Arezou Asghari, Seyed Mojtaba Aghili. Methodology and data analysis: Arezou Asghari. Supervision and final writing: Seyed Mojtaba Aghili. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to present a structural relationship model between sense of coherence and responsibility with job performance through mediating role of emotional intelligence (Case Study of bushehr ports and maritime organization and Sina port and marine compony). Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 400 employees of Bushehr Ports and Maritime Administration and the contracting companies in 2020. The number of studied samples was selected based on Kline’, s model and simple random sampling method. The data gathering instruments included Job Performance Questionnaire (JPQ), Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ), Social Responsibility Questionnaire (SRQ) and Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSREL). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software packages and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and structural equation modeling method. Results: Findings showed that sense of coherence, social responsibility and emotional intelligence have a direct effect on job performance (P<0/01). Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/071, GFI=0/911, IFI=0/952, P-value<0/05) and indirect pathways of social responsibility were significant through mediating role of emotional intelligence on job performance. Also, indirect pathways of sense of coherence were not significant through mediating role of emotional intelligence on job performance. Conclusion: The evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the effective factors of job performance of staffs of ports and maritime organization. Extended Abstract Introduction Research has shown a relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance as well as job satisfaction. Accordingly, the emotional intelligence is an important and fundamental structure in job environments, which can predict job performance. Emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the intrinsic motivation of employees. Intrinsic motivation leads to a type of behavior that is inherently satisfying and enjoyable and expresses an action that is not separated from the behavior itself. Therefore, based on the available research evidence, the importance of influencing variables such as sense of coherence and responsibility on job performance is inferred. These factors have not been studied together and in interaction with each other in a model. For this reason, present study seeks to answer the question whether the model of structural relationships of sense of coherence and responsibility with employees' job performance through the mediating role of emotional intelligence is well-suited? Methods This study has descriptive and correlational type. The statistical population of the study was composed of 1700 employees and workers who were located in Bushehr Ports and Maritime Organizationand Sina port and marine componyin 2020. Based on Kline's model, the sample size of this study was estimated, the sample size of 400 people was selected. The research sample was selected based on simple random sampling method. The criteria for entering the research were having the informed consent of individuals to participate and cooperate in the research and also being employed in the Ports Organization or the port's contracting companies. In order to collect data, four standard questionnaires were used as follows: a) Paterson’, s Job Performance Questionnaire (JPQ) which measures two components including job tasks and organizational tasks. The scoring of this questionnaire in the Likert scale is 4 points in such a way that the answer rarely, sometimes, often and always are awarded by the points 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively,b) Flensborg-Medsen’, s Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ) which consists of 35 questions. The scoring method of questions 1 to 24 is done using a three-point Likert scale and for questions 25 to 35 in a five-point Likert scale. Getting a higher score on this questionnaire means having more coherence, and getting a lower score means having less coherence,c) Carroll’, s Social Responsibility Questionnaire (SRQ) which includes 20 questions to measure 4 components as economic obligations, moral obligations, legal obligations, and social or humanitarian obligations in a 5-point Likert scale,and d) Schutte’, s Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSREL) including 33 items in a 5-point scale. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software packages and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and structural equation modeling method. Results According to the results of demographic questionnaire date of participants, 164 people (41%) were employed officially, 66 people (16. 5%) were employed contractually, 91 people (22. 8%) and 79 people (19. 8%) were employed by the third-party companies. Regarding the educational level, 77 people (19. 3%) had high school certificates, 28 ones (7%) had an associate degree, 155 people (38. 8%) had a bachelor's degree and 140 ones (35%) had a master's degree and above. The mean age of the samples was 40. 67 years and the standard deviation of age was 5. 406. The drawn matrix showed the correlation between the research variables. As shown, sense of coherence (p<0. 05, r=0. 748), social responsibility (p<0. 05, r=0. 809) and emotional intelligence (p<0. 05, r=0. 834) has a positive and significant relationship with job performance. Also, the correlation between the variables is significant. Therefore, it was possible to study the research model. Coefficients of direct paths of sense of coherence (β, =0. 259 and sig=0. 011) and responsibility (β, =0. 406 and sig=0. 001) and emotional intelligence (β, =0. 280 and sig=0. 001) were significant on job performance. Also, the direct path coefficient of responsibility (β, =0. 406 and sig=0. 001) on emotional intelligence was significant. However, the path of sense of coherence on emotional intelligence was not significant. The bootstrap principle holds true to responsibility for job performance with the mediating role of emotional intelligence. However, the indirect path of sense of coherence on job performance is not significant with the mediating role of emotional intelligence. In order to achieve a better fit, the non-significant path (direct relationship of sense of coherence with emotional intelligence) was eliminated. The fit indices after removing the non-significant path indicated a good fit of the model. If the value obtained from the root mean square error index (RMSEA) is less than 0. 08, it indicates the fit of the model, which in this study is the value of RMSEA in the modified model is 0. 071, which According to Kline's model, it shows the fit of the model. Therefore, the research hypothesis was confirmed. Conclusion Given that each organization is composed of individuals and manpower, individual members of the organization as a part of the whole organization with their own characteristics and psychological abilities can have an undeniable effect on the performance of the organization. According to what has been said, the sense of coherence provides the basis for realistic positive beliefs in the individual and by using the capabilities and opportunities available for growth and prosperity, they and the organization have a significant role in improving job performance. It can also be said that the job performance of employees as the overall expected value of any organization, is an indicator to determine the level of efficiency and productivity. For more generalizability of the results, it is suggested that researchers repeat such research in other cities to provide evidence of the relationships obtained. The model of the present study is suggested to be used to predict job performance based on other job and organizational variables such as organizational virtues, ethical leadership in the organization, job well-being, quality of work life, desire to work, etc. with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in employees of other similar companies.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic meaning, family flexibility, academic support and perception of the classroom environment with academic buoyancy with the mediating role of academic flourishing in 12th grade female students in Shiraz. MaterialsandMethod: The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students in the number of 8681 who were selected as a sample using 400-stage cluster random sampling method. To collect research data from six standard questionnaires of educational meaning Henderson-King and Smith (2006),Shakeri Family Flexibility (2003),Sands and Plankt (2005) Academic Support,Perception of the Dundee Classroom Environment (2001),Martin and Marsh (2008) academic buoyancy and Dieneretal, (2010) academic flourishing were used. The validity of the questionnaires was calculated using content and face validity, and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was estimated 0. 86, 0. 84, 0. 85, and 0. 82, respectively. Results: The results showed that family flexibility, academic support and perception of the classroom environment have a significant and positive effect on academic buoyancy and academic flourishing has a mediating role in the model Conclusion: Students' academic buoyancy model can be increased by increasing the independent and mediating variables.

Introduction: The meta-analysis method determines the effect size of treatment methods by integrating the results of various studies. By performing meta-analysis, a more general view of the effect of different interventions can be obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activator therapy on the rate of depression, which has been done by meta-analysis. Methods for this purpose, out of 15 studies, 8 studies, which were methodologically acceptable, were selected and meta-analysis was performed on them. Relevant statistical analyzes have been performed using comprehensive CMA 2 software. Methods: For this purpose, out of 15 studies, 8 studies, which were methodologically acceptable, were selected and meta-analysis was performed on them. Relevant statistical analyzes have been performed using comprehensive CMA 2 software. Results: The results showed that behavioral activator therapy was significantly effective on depression at an error level of less than 05% and the overall effect size in terms of correlation scale was 633%,According to the difference of the standard mean of 11. 857 and based on the characteristic of hedges g, 1. 70 was reported. Conclusion: According to the research findings, therapy based on behavioral activation as a practical method can help reduce the symptoms of adolescent depression and can be used by therapists as an effective method in treatment sessions. Using this method, depressed adolescents can become active members of society and improve their participation in social activities. Extended Abstract Introduction The term adolescence refers to the developmental stage of childhood and adulthood (1). In addition to major physical, psychological and social changes, the rate of depression also increases significantly during this developmental period (2-3). Studies show that approximately 20% of adolescents experience a period of depression by the time they are at least 18 years old (4-5), and this can make depression one of the leading causes of illness and disability in this age group (5). Early detection and effective treatment of adolescent depression is of particular importance because depression can severely impair the personal and occupational development of individuals (7-8). If depression is not successfully treated during adolescence, it often recurrs in the form of chronic depression in adulthood (9-11,5), and also depression as a risk factor for adolescent suicide, as a potentially life-threatening condition in adolescence. This period is known as Sunni (8,2). As a result, effective and workable interventions are needed to address adolescent mental health. Recently, there has been a growing interest in behavioral activator therapy as a treatment option for depression in children, adolescents, and adults (11,25-26). The overall goal of behavioral activator therapy is to allow patients with depressive symptoms to cope with their negativity (27) and to increase positive awareness by redeveloping personal goals into short-, medium-, and long-term goals. Give (28). Behavioral activation therapy is a solution-oriented therapy based on the theory that depressed people often experience low levels of positive environmental reinforcement. Intervention based on behavioral models was first introduced by Levinson. He assumes that depressed people receive less positive reinforcement than others because they participate less in enjoyable activities and enjoy less activity (2). Levinson hypothesized that engaging patients in enjoyable activities would improve their depressed mood. In behavioral activation, patients, by monitoring their mood and activities, understand the connection between what they are doing and how they feel, and use this knowledge to plan activities that create a positive reinforcement atmosphere. And is used to solve problems that prevent them from happening (29-32). The results showed that behavioral activator therapy was effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. However, its use in adolescents is still in its infancy, and a meta-analytic study is needed to demonstrate the effects of behavioral activation therapy on adolescent depressive symptoms. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral activator therapy on reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents with depressive disorder using meta-analysis. Methods In the present study, according to the title and purpose of the meta-analysis method has been used. The meta-analysis method, using a combination of quantitative findings and reporting the effect size, makes it possible to compare the effectiveness of the above treatment (41). Subject a) Statistical population: The statistical population of the present study is articles published in prestigious domestic and foreign journals on the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on adolescent depression, from 2015 to 2021, which were methodologically qualified. B) Research sample: From the researches, 15 researches were selected and finally 8 researches that had the necessary characteristics to be included in the meta-analysis were examined. Selected software (CMA2) was used to analyze the data. In this regard, useful and relevant information related to each research was entered using coding in the software and finally the analysis was performed using the effect size calculation technique, so the effect size of each research was calculated separately and for the purpose of this study Was analyzed. Findings The mean effect of behavioral activator therapy on adolescent depression shows the average effect of behavioral activator therapy on adolescent depression. According to Table 3, the effect of independent variable (behavioral activator) on dependent variable (depression) is equal to 633%, which is evaluated as high based on Cohen effect size interpretation table. The results of the table showed that behavioral activator therapy has a high effect on reducing adolescent depression The value of Q in this comparison is 133/074, which is significant with a degree of freedom of 1 at an error level of less than 05%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of behavioral activator therapy on adolescent depression is significant and has a high impact. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the effect size of behavioral activator therapy on adolescent depression is equal to 633%, which is a high effect size according to Cohen. These findings were derived from studies that used behavioral activation therapy for depressed adolescents, and in this study we summarized and combined the results of these studies. The results of this study are consistent with the results of meta-analytic research in this field (53-52,37,31) and other studies that were reviewed, also confirmed the effect of behavioral activator therapy on reducing depression (54,37). Finally, a number of case studies that emphasized the effects of effective behavioral activation therapy on adolescent depression were consistent with the results of the present study (57-55). In explaining the effectiveness of behavioral activator therapy on depression, based on new behavioral theories, the main cause of most mental disorders, especially depression, is the avoidance of individual and social activities. According to Levinson (1976), engaging patients in pleasurable activities improves their depressed mood. In behavioral activation, patients, by monitoring their mood and activities, understand the connection between what they are doing and how they feel, and use this knowledge to plan activities that create a positive reinforcement atmosphere and to solve Problems that prevent them from being used (31-29). Finally, research has shown that behavioral activation-based therapy as a practical method can help reduce the symptoms of adolescent depression and can be used by therapists as an effective method in treatment sessions. Using this method, depressed adolescents can become active members of society and improve their participation in social activities. Therefore, researchers can use this treatment method and treatment frameworks extracted from previous research mentioned in this article.