MAJLIS & RAHBORD
Year:2014 | Volume:21 | Issue:79|Papers Count:8

One of the economic challenges in the border areas of South Khorasan is an increasing unemployment and underemployment. Given the growing population, especially in urban areas, it is undeniably necessary to analyze employment in the border areas in order to design the optimal developmental program. Thus, this paper seeks to identify the employment situation and to recognize the comparative advantage in Birjand county using Shift-Share and Location-Quotient & SWOT Models.The method used here is analytic-descriptive one. The findings display the ability to export in industrial sub-sectors including mining, water, electricity, gas, construction and financial services, particularly insurance, education, and public affairs. Which can play an effective role in regional economic growth. So, private sector investment in agriculture and industry, construction of industrial areas and drawing on technology, consistent with local knowledge and promoting the water, electricity and gas sectors have been proposed in order to increase exports.

The empirical evidence shows that the Information Technology (IT) has a critical role in the economic growth of developed countries. Thus, the developing countries interested in economic development should be aware of the ways of employing technological innovations for achieving this goal. Innovation System approach is a pervasive method to analyze the technological innovations. However, this approach has not yet reached to the thoroughly conceptual integrity. In this paper, using the concept from Enterprise Architecture (EA) discipline as well as Innovation System theory, we have introduced a new concept called IT Innovation System Architecture and an accompanied framework. This framework is derived from Zachman framework in the EA field. Also, an institutional analysis of IT diffusion in Iran has been done. The research method employed in this paper is a survey on 42 institutional entities. Results represent very institutional shortcomings in IT diffusion in Iran. Finally, as a policy implications, it has been proposed that this framework could be used for analysis of other technologies in the national level and even national innovation system as a whole.

This paper investigates under what conditions improving democracy will increase or decrease per capita income. In doing so, Econometric analysis of cross-section data is applied, and econometrically, the effect of democracy on per capita income of G20 countries is compared to the effect of it on per capita income of oil-exporting countries. results show that in countries in which the good performance of economic and political institutions is visible, improving democracy will strengthen the good performance of institutions and increase per capita income, whereas in countries in which the performance of institutions is bad and in support of rent-seeking activities, improving democracy will exacerbate the bad performance of institutions and decrease per capita income.

According to Chapter I Part "Exclusive Support in Electronic Commerce" in Law on Electronic Commerce, suppliers must observe the consumer's rights. Violating these rights is Crimes against Consumer's Rights which includes: providing goods and services without giving information affecting on consumer's decision-making, lack of the preliminary data certification or failure in sending supplementary information, violating requirements of information certification, lack of identification and supplier’s intention at the beginning of phonic conversation, flaw in consumer’s withdrawal right and impossibility of supplier’s commitment.The question is whether is the penal policy towards crimes against consumer’s rights is effective and suitable. The paper seeks to analyze the general as well as particular components of crimes against consumer’s rights in electronic commerce Law, and also this theory has been discussed that "Traditional Penal Policy" based on Criminalization and Penalization and non-inclusion of "Lenient Penal Policy - lenience and negligent behavior about small violations stipulated in 1392 Islamic punishment law towards electronic commerce violations - is not a useful and proper way, but particular nature of Electronic Commerce required "Differentiated Criminal Policy" based on technological prevention, corporate oversight, empowering and protection for consumer.Particularly, the paper will propose one specific measure - the "credit card chargeback" - that appears to be gaining acceptance as a viable consumer-protection measure in an electronic commerce environment.

This paper aims to draw on Alvin E. Roth’s analytical framework, the owner of Nobel Prize in economics in 2012 in order to design market and apply it. Research has shown that Roth begins with identifying the market failure and emphasizes that the market failure usually is a result of the institutional conditions such as "week market", "crowd" and "absence of safety in displaying preferences". Roth used matching algorithm and specially Gale-Shapley’s Algorithm to come over the market failure, and in the course of "try and error", he focuses on interaction with actors for adjusting the primary algorithm. so far, Roth and his colleagues have applied this theory to different markets such as "kidney exchange", "school selection-student acceptance", "market of physicians" and "market of economists".

Petroleum products such as gasoline, gasoil and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) are considered as essential goods some of which Iran is dependent on import to provide. Thus, under-supplying such strategic goods arguably leads to a decrease in production in other sectors, income reduction. In order to analyse this situation, it is improper to apply Social Accounting Matrix. Instead, this paper draws on a Modified Supply-Driven Social Accounting Matrix in particular contexts. At the same time, 2006 Energy-Carrier Social Accounting Matrix is applied.The findings show that a price rise in petroleum products such as gasoline, gasoil and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mostly has a negative effect on Producer Price Index (PPI) in service, industry, and agriculture, respectively. Within these circumstances, rather than Cost of Urban Living Index, Cost of Rural Living Index will be negatively affected. But, with an increase in the price of gasoline, cost of living index of urban households is more than the cost of living index of rural households, and the increase in the price of gasoline and LPG has reverse impacts.

During recent decades, we have faced with extended researches and continuous debates among scholars on public administration about the best method and strategies for retrieving managerial processes in public organizations. Selecting new managerial frameworks in terms of country-specific cultures and constitutions –in a way that facilitate developmental policies and actions – is seen not just as an important but necessary and inevitable goal for all, especially for developing, countries. Thus, in Iran, the 1386 Act on Civil Service Management was approved for solving administrative problems and imparted to public organizations. however, unfortunately there have been no sufficient effort for implementing this Act, and now after 6 years from its approval, most of its articles have not implemented or implemented incompletely, although some practitioners and scholars argue that failures in implementation can be attributed to formal and substantive deficits found within the Act and incompatibility between theoretical basics and real administrative context.In this framework, the findings in this study showed that chapters I and II of the Act have gone beyond Iran's administrative organization. Moreover, most of the articles of the Act are based on the principles of controversial theories on the new public management and good governance. finally, the impartation of public administration general policies was occurred after the approval of civil service management Act. Therefore, this Act, in the reviewing phase, should be adjust to "the public administration general policies".

The third pillar of Plan on Economic Evolution, called "National Currency Valuation System Reform" clarifies the importance of dropping zeros and changing national currency. This paper reviews similar experiences in other countries and calculates total cost of currency reform in Iran by analyzing banknotes and coin production, processing and destruction cost, software change in financial institutions and so on. The cost of reform in national currency is estimated about 2000 billion Tomans - almost equivalent to 37 percent of GNP or 1.4 percent of public budget in 1391. Results in this paper show that national currency reform will succeed if it is implemented in a large context called monetary reforms, which in turn will decrease the inflation expectations. Factors such as an independent central bank, proper exchange rate regimes and decreasing government budget deficit are crucial for the success of currency reform.