MAJLIS & RAHBORD
Year:2017 | Volume:24 | Issue:91 |Papers Count:13

Each complete political economy cycle in Iran, takes about a quarter of century and has three periods, including "stabilization", "economic growth in closed (or semi-open) political space" and "political openness. " These periods' priority respectively have been to achieve "security (or justice)", "economic growth", and "freedom". From "Reza Shah's coup(1921) to Mohammed Reza Shah's coup (1953)", "Mohammed Reza Shah's coup to Islamic Revolution (1979)", and "Islamic Revolution to "the end of reformists period (1979-2004)"there are three complete political economy cycles. The fourth political economy cycle has started since Ahmadinejad's election (2005) as president. "Social order limited access to and (intrinsic) ambiguity in separation of powers, are common in all political economy cycles, and political economy cycles, while repeating, have also been boosted during the time. In this article, for each of the mentioned political economy cycles, triple periods of stabilization, economic growth and political openness have been recognized and analised. As a sample, In the first political economy cycle after the Islamic revolution, the period between victory of the "Islamic revolution to the end of Iraqi imposed war against Iran, is categorized as stabilization period, with the aim of developing justice and security, the Hashemi Rafsanjani's presidency is economic growth period, and the Khatami's presidential term is political openness period. The second political economy cycle of Iran which started from the beginning of the Ahmadinejad's presidency, was stabilisation period, and it's priority was security and justice. Economic growth is the main priority during Rouhani's presidency.

Making of drones and their development in recent decades have brought about legal challenges regarding their transboundary uses, particularly for military purposes. Following the events of September 11, 2001, drones have been used as a mean for targeted killing of suspects during operations called “ war on terrorism” and such usage is still continuing. Today, drones are even used outside of battlefields and armed conflict zones. This transformation in using drones, is a major threat to application of the principle of prevention of use of force and also respect for rules of human rights and International humanitarian laws. Based on accepted principles and rules of international law, the uses of drones, in peace or war times, are subject to rules and limitations. The main purpose of this article is analysing rules of international law governing the uses of drones, particularly for military purposes. Results of this study reveals that lack of consensus among states and absence of a comprehensive and binding international convention are among the main obstacles in regulating the use of drones. Accordingly, it is necessary to resolve these obstacles through the United Nations (UN) decisions and actions.

This study has been carried out in order to apply the Meta-SWOT as an applied and strategic model for planning and management of sustainable development and protection of Southern areas of Tehran metropolis. The present study is operational in respect of goal, and analytical and descriptive in respect of method. Method of collecting data, and their analyse has been in the form of measuring and library-based. The results of this study showed that weight of internal and external resources and capabilities are not the same as the southern area resources and capabilities, so that area's integrated management factors, the Green Belt and private sector investment, with respective weights of 2. 099, 1. 440 and 1. 230 are the highest weights, Indicating being valuable, and inimitable and having organizational fitness in comparison with other factors in sustainable development of boundaries of the Southern area.

The last decades witnessed a limited number of countries managing to convergence with developed countries, but at the same time, divergence between other undeveloped countries and the developed ones has accelerated. Study of the convergence process has been the main topic of research by the economists of realm of economic development in sevral decades, and the new structural economics attempts to reconstruct the path of successful countries to make it practical and achievable for other developing countries. While explaining theoretical basics of industrial development strategy of New Structural Economics, this study will also present the principles and characteristics of this strategy and applied framework for facilitating and identifying its growth. Characteristics of this strategy, includes methods of benchmarking of countries with a similar structure in terms of production factors and considering to the comparative advantage of product sectors and sub-sectors arising from the structure of factors assets. It also includes export-oriented industrialization, considering to foreign direct investment in and out of the developing countries, intelligently combining state and market in order to achieve industrial development, assigning facilitating duties for the government in this connection, and adopting continuous process of upgrading in the way to industrial development.

There has been the death penalty for drug offenses in Iran legal system for many years and applied for convicts. This penalty have been predicted in numerous cases in the Anti Drug laws passed in Convenient Council in 1988 and its modified version in 1997 and 2010. Considering the execution of a large number of drug offenders and incidence of drug-related offenses, during the years that the law has been implemented, a question arises: Has the death penalty achieved the goals of punishments and public prevention, in particular? Social realities and official statistics that have been presented, show that success of the death penalty in Anti Drug laws is doubtful in achieving the goals of punishment. In this study, with the analytical view, the death penalty in Anti Drug laws has been investigated from the perspective of penological and failure of death penalty in fulfilling the goals of punishment has been proven. Also inappropriateness of death penalty with some criminal behaviors in the law and violation of principles of punishments has been proven.

Various forms of social and civic, according to its path of growth and progress of different species will be facing straight and social. Open the administrative and bureaucratic organizations and increase the service sector in modern societies, has led to corruption in the agencies and organizations in the form of white collar crime in theBlue-collar and collar crimes and spread the pus begins to take shape. In this research the causes and factors affecting the formation and spread of corruption to deal with this phenomenon be exact study. The growth of research in the field of corruption with a scattering of information in this area, this study combines research that extracts.

The impact on various sectors of the economy from exchange rate’ s changes, considering to the share of the intermediary goods of that section of total imported intermediary goods and the value added sensitivity (elasticity) to imported intermediary goods is very different. Considering the importance of Assessing the quantity and manner of effecting of exchange rate changes, nominal and real, on the production and development of different economic sectors for policy makers, we try to evaluate the effects of nominal and real exchange rate fluctuations on economic sectors (agriculture, industry and services) in this research. We used dynamic system models with data from 1981 to 2010 and found that real exchange rate has no significant effects on agriculture and services sectors, but has significant effects on value added and employment in industry sector.

The purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical aspects of professional sport development and their applications in sport of Iran. This is a qualitative study in which some superior documents related to the development of sports, research papers and review articles, as well as some of the various proceedings, have been analyzed. Based on the results, there are both top-down and bottom-up development approaches. The basis of these, are hierarchical models of sport participation. The development of sport in cultural development form is emphasized in the first to fifth development plan of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Iran's 20-year outlook. That shows existence of cultural or educational-moral approach to Iran sport development. However, ignoring economic and elitist approach led to the slow progression in privatization and special and long-term investments. On the other hand, some countries in addition to supporting the public sports, concentrate on professional sports development through financial support and special talent identification processes. These are pursued through various models as centralized model, club model, networking model and personal model. Basically, in Iran the focus is on the club model and there is not completely centralized state model for basic courses. Also there is not network model to create a coalition and strategic alliance with sports of schools and universities. Theoretically speaking, at first a strategic link between sports and institutions of health, economic, culture and education system at level of governance and policy should be established. Then proper and applicable models with learning sports politics and helping native patterns should be utilized.

Employment of integrated financial and economic information systems as a situational prevention measure, can play a significant role in the situational prevention of economic crimes. Using this method created new challenges in the field of people's privacy. The question is whether the use of technological surveillance can interfere with the informational privacy as one of the most important types of privacy. This research has been carried out using descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study show: applying situational preventive measures against economic crimes is essential and vital and, with attention to observing the technical and security aspects, no conflict can occur between technological surveillance and informational privacy. This article will discuss the role and status of monitoring technology in the control of economic crime and will investigate the possible occurrence of contrast between this manner of prevention of economic crimes and informational privacy of citizens.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a crucial role in job creation and economic growth. Adopting proper policies to support the SMEs can be helping in stagflation condition of economy. Identifying and prioritizing the key factors that affect success of small and medium enterprises located in Urmia to develop strategies and policies to support SMEs is the main purpose of this study. Goal of this study is applicable, and the method used for gathering data is a combination of field and library. To identify factors affecting SMEs successes, spss22 software and one tailed T-test was used. In order to consider the uncertainty in the judgment of experts and according to the internal interactions between factors, Fuzzy Analytic Network Process is used for prioritization. Based on the results the subcriteria related to human resources hence the expertise, education, teamwork skills and experience respectively with 0/16742, 0/1633, 0/14668, 0/12933 weights are the most influential factors affecting success in Urmia SMEs.

Housing is one of the basic human needs and perhaps one of the first human needs that has physical form. However, this need is one of the first physical needs of humans that was achieved. But today its supply, especially in big cities, that face Lack of development space and population increase, has become a serious problem. Housing indicators as the basis of a comprehensive program and an indispensable tool for explaining the various aspects of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical of housing, have a special place in the housing planning. Housing indicators not only as descriptive tools are to expression of different dimensions available housing status, but also an appropriate tool to assess the criteria in the process of housing development. The present study was carried out to identify, analyze and rank the country provinces for urban housing indicators. In this regard, first were collected the data of 18 indicators related to the housing sector from the results of the 1390 national population and housing census on the scale of urban areas. Then The use of two methods, principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, were to identify, analyze and rank the province that selected indicators. The results of the ranking is based on principal component analysis revealed, Yazd and Isfahan provinces have respectively with combined index 4. 010 and 2. 671, first and second rank. Also, based on cluster analysis, the provinces have been classified into four clusters. The provinces of Yazd, Isfahan, Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad, Chaharmahal Bakhtyary, Semnan, Alborz, Tehran, Markazi, Fars Are located in the first cluster and Sistan-Baluchestan province were in the fourth cluster.

This article is based on a conceptual framework and aims to provide a clear picture of the legal status of Competitiveness Council to consider its role in determining the price of cars. In this regard, after providing a precise definition of regulation, the functions and features of the regulator institutions and its different types are studied; based on that we could obtain a better understanding on this matter. In order to find their relationship, a brief introduction of Competitiveness Council is provided, and then the responsibilities and authorities given by the legislative to this institution are taken into consideration from a pathological point of view. What eventually becomes clear is that despite the multi-sectoral nature of Competitiveness Council, it has not the authority to determine the prices at the car market and this action can be criticized in legal terms.

The Bank institution has a prominent position in today's economy. Accordingly, in order to equip and optimize allocation of bank resources, various models in banking are in competition with each other. In the meantime, more successful model is that can adapt itself with higher rates of favorable banking indices. In this study, taking into account the characteristics and properties of a desired pattern for mobilization of resources in Islamic banking, we will express stochastic dynamic optimization model according to it. So that we can optimize the resources mobilized at any given time, and regulate the bank's performance in accordance with the set specifications. This model has not yet been proposed in internal literature and has its own initiatives in a way that can explain the performance of an Islamic bank in resource mobilization with the utmost precision.