Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing
Year:2022 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis. Fatigue reduces the various motor, sensory and psychological functions of patients and is the source of problems in performing daily activities in their lives. Due to the corona epidemic, rehabilitation nurses should adopt coherent programs that are appropriate for the available facilities for these clients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tele rehabilitation Care on the fatigue of patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study in two groups. Participants include 36 patients referred to the Iranian MS Association in 2021 who were selected by Convenience Sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included a demographic information form and a standard questionnaire for measuring the severity of fatigue, which was completed by both intervention and control groups. In addition to routine care, the intervention group also received Tele rehabilitation care. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26. Results: The results of this study showed that although in the intervention group, the mean of fatigue scores changed from 4. 383 in the pre-test to 4. 765 in the post-test,But there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0. 450). Also in the control group, the mean of fatigue scores changed from 4. 963 before the intervention to 4. 475 after the intervention. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that tele rehabilitation care and effective training to patients with multiple sclerosis are not effective in reducing their fatigue. Therefore, in order to reduce this common problem, rehabilitation nurses should adopt more effective and coherent programs appropriate to the available facilities for these clients.

Introduction: Lack of balance control and falls in the older adults is one of the most important causes of injury and sometimes death in this group. Scientifically, finding the ways to improve postural control is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using knee braces on postural control in the older adults in both medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions during walking. Methods: The present study was of a semi-experimental and laboratory type. Statistical sample of this study include 15 women (with mean age of 66 years, height of 169 cm, weight of 79 kg and body mass index of 28 kg/m2) and 15 men (with mean age of 69 years, height of 175 cm, weight of 81 kg and body mass index of 27 kg/m2). The intervention used in this study was a type of brace by restricting knee flexion and extension movements or supporting it. Bertec Force plate (Columbus, OH) was used to record the center of pressure. Results: Main effect of group for maximum center of pressure displacement was significant (p<0. 05). Main effect of brace on anterior-posterior center of pressure displacement was significant (p=0. 018). Also, maximum medio-lateral center of pressure displacement during walking with brace was significantly greater than walking without brace by 32. 75%. Conclusions: Generally, center of pressure displacements was different between males and females. However, the brace has similar effect on both men and women groups and increase the center of pressure value.

Introduction: The mother as a member of the family is more affected by the child with autism than other family members. They react differently to this disorder and studying these reactions is important for social workers and other therapists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to see the coping strategies of mothers to child's autism disorder. Methods: This study was carried out via conventional qualitative content analysis. Therefore, 33 mothers who had children with autism were selected by purposeful sampling in Yazd. Data was collected using semistructured interviews. The sampling was completed after the saturation of data and classes. First, the text of the interviews was analyzed in terms of content. By extracting the categories and markers in the text, an attempt was made to achieve the desired answer to the main research question by describing the opinions of the interviewees. Data were analyzed by the inductive method. This process involved open coding, creating classes, and abstraction. Each category was named using words representing the content. Similar subclasses were grouped together as a class and classes were grouped together as main classes. Finally, four criteria including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability which were used to test the trustworthiness and validity of the data and the processes of collecting them. Results: Three main categories of this study include "the adaptation/non-adaptation encountering", "selfcare" and "child-based care". The adaptation/non-adaptation encountering included two subcategories entitled "expressing the positive emotions and adaptation" and "expressing the negative emotions and non-adaptation". Self-care included four subcategories entitled "individual development", "objective care pressure", "mental care pressure" and "transferring experience". Child-based care was also classified as "social care", "educational care", "medical care" and "environmental care". Conclusions: The first reaction of most mothers to child's autism disorder is to express negative emotions, but some mothers have achieved adaptation by expressing positive reactions. Mothers have taken care of both the child and themselves by using a set of targeted actions. They have improved their awareness and knowledge in order to take care of themselves and help their children. They also strive to promote their physical and mental health by participating in social and sports activities.

Introduction: Children with special learning disorders (Dictation) often have low self-efficacy that arises basically from academic failures and problem perception. The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention on the learned helplessness of students with special learning disorders (Dictation). Methods: The research method in this study was a with quasi–, experimental design and pretestposttest with a control group. The statistical population included all students with special learning disorders (Dictation) in the Primary grade at Mental Empowerment Center in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. Among them, 30 male students with special learning disorders (Dictation) were selected based on entry and exit criteria and by available sampling and randomly were placed into two groups of 15 people. Cognitive behavioral therapy intervention was performed in 2 sessions (90 minutes) per week and for a month and a half during 6 weeks (12 sessions). The research instrument was included the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (LHS). The obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that cognitive behavioral therapy intervention had a significant effect on the learned helplessness of students with special learning disorders (Dictation) (P <0. 05). Conclusions: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy intervention can reduce the learned helplessness of students with special learning disorders (Dictation). Therefore, educational centers, psychological and counseling services can benefit from this method to improve of the learned helplessness in students with special learning disorders (Dictation).

Introduction: Mastectomy plays an important role in reducing mental health and mastectomized patients with depression have low hope and high psychological distress. Therefore, the aim of present study was comparison the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training and positive mindfulness training on hope and psychological distress of mastectomized patients with depression. Methods: The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was mastectomized patients with depression who referred to counseling and psychological service clinics and centers in Ahvaz city in the first six months of 2021 year. Numbers of 45 patients according to the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced into three equal groups. Each experimental group was trained 10 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week) with methods of cognitive rehabilitation training and positive mindfulness training, separately and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by Beck's Depression Inventory, Snyder's Hope Scale and Kessler psychological distress questionnaire and analyzed by methods of chi-square, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software. Results: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not significant difference in terms of education, age and duration of mastectomy (P>0. 05). Also, both intervention methods in compared to the control group increased hope and decreased psychological distress in mastectomized patients with depression (P<0. 001), but there was no significant difference between intervention methods in increasing hope and reducing psychological distress (P>0. 05). Conclusions: The results indicated the effectiveness of both intervention methods and the lack of significant differences between them in increasing hope and reducing psychological distress. Therefore, health and rehabilitation therapists and specialists can use both methods to improve health-related characteristics, especially increasing hope and reducing psychological distress.

Introduction: Anxiety and reduced distress tolerance are problems of coronary heart patients that can cause negative physiological and psychological consequences, so the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and anxiety tolerance of coronary heart patients. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design with a control group with follow-up period, from the statistical population that included all patients with coronary artery disease referred to the specialized center of Shahid Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in the summer of 2021, 30 people were eligible. The conditions that volunteered to participate in the study were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research instruments included Beck et al. 's (1988) Anxiety Inventory and Simons & Gaher (2005) Anxiety Disorders Questionnaire, which were performed as pre-test, posttest and follow-up on both groups. Alice and Beck cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in ten 90-minute sessions for the experimental group, but the control group received routine treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The results showed that there was a difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in anxiety variables (p <0. 001) and anxiety tolerance components (p <0. 001). Also, the results were stable in the follow-up period (p <0. 001). Conclusions: Based on the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing anxiety tolerance in coronary heart disease patients, so it can be used as a complementary therapy along with medical methods to improve the psychological status (reduce anxiety and increase anxiety tolerance) in patients with coronary heart disease. .

Introduction: Thalassemia major is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans that causes many problems for the patient, family, and health system. This study aimed to determine the impact of an empowerment program on the knowledge and performance of the family of children with thalassemia major referring to the Special Patients Center of Birjand in 2016. Methods: This quasi-experimental study (pretest-posttest design with a control group) incorporated 60 eligible mothers of children with thalassemia major referring to Birjand Special Patients Center in 2016. The mothers were selected via convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group went through an intervention that was developed based on the steps of the empowerment model. The sessions ranged between 3 and 5 sessions, depending on the participant, and were presented as a group discussion, along with pamphlets and slides about the disease. Mothers in the control group did not receive any intervention. Researcher-made knowledge and performance questionnaires were used to collect data, which were completed by mothers of both groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS-22 statistical software, using Chi-square, Fisher’, s exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. The level of significance was set at p ≤, 0. 05. Results: The results showed that in the experimental group, the post-intervention mean score of total knowledge and overall performance were significantly increased compared to baseline (p <0. 05). On the contrary, in the control group, the mean score of total knowledge and overall performance was not significantly different from baseline (p> 0. 05). The mean score changes in total knowledge overall performance in mothers of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control (p <0. 01). Conclusions: Based on the results, the implementation of the empowerment model is one of the most important approaches to increase the knowledge and performance of mothers of children with thalassemia major and leads to better and more efficient care and overall improvement in the lives of these patients.

Introduction: Having a correct perception of the illness affects the patient's adaptation to the illness and self-care behaviors by increasing compliance with care instructions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on illness perception and self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up. From the statistical population that included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to the specialized and sub-specialized center of Milad Hospital in the first six months of 2021, 30 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 patients in the experimental group and 15 patients in the control group). Patients of the experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of Wells and Culber (2012) metacognitive therapy, but patients of the control group received routine treatment. Data collection tools were Broadbent’, s Illness Perception Questionnaire (2006) and Cohen’, s Self-Care Behaviors Questionnaire (1991). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and analysis of variance with repeated measures between groups at the significance level of α,= 0. 05. Results: The results showed that metacognitive therapy was effective in improving illness perception (p<0. 01) and increasing self-care behaviors (p <0. 01) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and these results continued in the follow-up period (p <0. 01). Conclusions: The results showed the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on improving the perception of the disease and increasing the self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and its continued effectiveness. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can use metacognitive therapy along with other treatments to improve the characteristics of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, especially to improve the perception of the disease and increase self-care behaviors.