THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Year:2015 | Volume:6 | Issue:20|Papers Count:6

Ethics in geometry of Islamic civilization is like a basis which forms the foundation of the rest of the religious educations i.e. jurisprudence and beliefs. Being carried out by a deep and elaborate understanding of the collection of the religious educations and by aiming at managing human’s pure life and conducting him, prevalence of jurisprudence gradually became exclusive to the practical provisions and apparent behavior, then it became specific in Sharia and recognition of lawful from unlawful as well as regarding behavioral manifestations. Finally, an independent knowledge called the science of jurisprudence was established that by driving characteristics and based on the required action it supported the related provisions. It seems that if the ethical values and culture want to find its real status and necessary contribution within the ontological system and Islamic Sciences’ package, as well as cultural management and custodianship of the religious civilized society, recognition of the factors of this damage and pathology of its intra-religious barriers will be necessary i.e. the factors such as degradation from the main position to the rank of being redundant and ornamental, and exclusivity of jurisprudence to practical provisions and a tendency which is historically raised from separation of jurisprudence system from ethics.

Abu Abdollah Jabir Ibn Hayyan Ibn Abdollah Koufi (103-200 AH/ 721-815 AD) is known as a great scholar in chemistry in the Shiite world. He is a figure being debated by orientalists and gives rise to various and contradictory opinions including the most important characters in the history of Islamic sciences. Paul Kraus and Fuat Sezgin are two of these orientalists who have conducted lots of studies and proposed different ideas about him. The paper intends to investigate the views of these two scholars and their reasons about Jabir. To do so, firstly, it is dealt with introducing Jabir and then, Kraus and Sezgin’s viewpoints about him are discussed.

Ascension of the prophet is an important topic in the field of miniature and the inseparable part of the Persian manuscripts and its later scripts in the printed books. Creation of these images was begun from the Ilkhanid era under the title of Ascension Journalism and continued to Qajar era simultaneous with printing the stone books. However, most likely, the Islamic narrations were good grounds for the imagists about this horse that conducting investigation on them leads to achieving a relative conformity of the horse images with the Hadiths and narrations mentioned in the ascension journalisms of Qajar era. Nevertheless, the creators’ ideas of these works and influence of the west’s artistic styles should not be ignored. Adopting an analytico-descriptive method, the study investigates the narrations, Hadiths and commentaries related to apparent features of the horse and evaluates the rate of their conformity with ascension journalisms of this era.

One of the topics being dealt by the scholars of Elm ul-Heyl (the equivalence approximated to Mechanical Engineering) is the designing of the fountains being changed in form by defined intervals. Three types of these fountains next to a fountain without change of form have been proposed in the book “Al-Torogh ulSanniyah fi Al-Alat Al-Rouhanyah” written by Taqioddin Mohammad Ibn M’aroof known as Rased (993 AH/ 1585 AD) who was a great scientist in 10th century AH and astronomer of the Istanbul Observatory. Only a volume form this book has been remained which has been printed as a facsimile print. Reconstructing the three dimensional form of the fountains with software 3D MAX, the paper explains the points related to them. In the appendix of the paper, the correction and translation of the section related to the fountains from Taqioddin’s book are presented to be used by the researchers and interested people.

The developed spirituality in the society’s framework and presence of a group of spiritual students from this school among public by Imams of Ahl ul Bayt are among the important factors being taken into consideration about spiritual and inner affairs in the Islamic Society. Detailed investigation in the works of the Sufists shows a certain field of Shiite education being only existed in the words of Ahl ul-Bayt and a researcher could clearly find the Shia spirit in the mystical materials of these books though it is a spirit embodied in a damaged body by some external problems during the time in some cases. The study has a glimpse on the manner of entrance of some spiritual Hadiths and educations of Ahl ul-Bayt into Sufism. The results of the study show that appropriate evidences could be achieved to prove the Shiite origin of Islamic mysticism. These evidences could be obtained from the view of Sofia to Ahl ul-Bayt and the means of penetration of their educations to Sufism i.e. the Sofia scholars and their written heritage such as Al-Loma’, Al-Resalat ul-Qashiryeh, and Qovvat ul-Qoloub.

Genealogy has been among the sciences taken into consideration by Muslims and created to avoid making mistakes in recognizing the people’s lineage. In order to recognize the lineage of people and its legal consequences, recognition of lineage became important. Abbasids who came out based on ancestral reputation regarded genealogy important especially genealogy of the family of prophet (Bani Hashem). In this regard, they established the structure of a leadership in the 3rd century AH to preserve the Bani Hashem’s rights to settle the affairs of Sadats of Hashemi. Automatically, this issue led to the vital and basic need to expert genealogists and a ground for development of genealogy. The heyday of this science could be seek during Seljuk era i.e. a period in which Talebiyan (a branch of Bani Hashem) had a better social position and genealogy of Talebiyan received attention. Adopting an analytico-descriptive approach in this study and after explaining the position of Talebian in Seljuk era and genealogy works, the relation of genealogy with Talebiyan’s social life was analyzed and the effect of this science on development of the extent of their social influence has been discussed.