EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:8|Papers Count:9

Disaster relief to the affected areas is one of the necessities for any proper planning. Usually during disaster, the accesses to areas are limited; therefore, disaster relief using two-level with different features could be a good solution. In this paper, a two-echelon capacitated relief problem with hard time windows is proposed for people who have been affected in disaster area. The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal set of relief center services to establish the optimal routing aid and relief teams to the affected areas with minimal time and cost. After the introduction of a mixed-integer linear programming, a genetic algorithm for solving the problem of large scale is provided. The results of numerical examples show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model for the relief problems, other existing models are investigated and examined. Comparative results with other related models such as one-level location-routing problem and covering tour problem in disaster relief illustrate the superior performance of our proposed model.

Emergency is a critical phenomenon in human life. Industries are engaged with different emergency conditions. Emergency management should intervene before, during, and after major disasters. All of these interventions become different tasks for industries’ stakeholders especially car factories. Collaborative team work and coordination of different segments of emergency management was recognised as a critical issue. Concurrent Engineering (CE) is one of the emerging management philosophies that have a strong potential to be applied to different production and service system such as construction or disaster management simultaneously. The aim of this study is to develop a new concurrent engineering model in accordance with the cross-functional interventions among emergency management stockholders in the car factories. The objectives of this study are to identify the effective factors of the concurrent engineering model as clustered interventions and developing the cross-functional intervention network based on the mass of output-input data as a sharing information. Content analysis and structured interviews were designed to show production of sharing information of each workgroup in Iran Khodro car factory. Finally, the Fuzzy MCDM model and transposing system were employed to develop the integrated model. Finally, an integrated CE model was developed among stockholders' workgroups in Iran Khodro car factory.

During the last quarter century, millions of people around the world are strongly influenced by the types of hazards. Nowadays, topics related to citizen participation in reducing vulnerability to hazards and making communities' resilience have attracted special attentions. Community-based disaster risk management is a down to up management approach that is upon communities and their participation throughout a risk management process. In this among, what causes communities participation to take decisions for prevention and preparedness, is how much risk they are perceived. This research is seeking to evaluate the level of urban extreme rainfall risks that are perceived with communities in the desert city of yazd. Furthermore, it wants to assessment the influence of risk perception on behaviour of these communities. So, to obtain the data questionnaire-based survey is used and for analyzing, SPSS software is used. The results show, not only there is a difference between the studied neighborhoods in the level of risk perception but also different risk perception influence on communities' behaviour.

Earthquakes have always affected human communities, leaving irreparable damage. Therefore, getting prepared to deal with such crisis through identifying vulnerable spots and eliminating them are effective strategies in reducing the damage caused by an earthquake. Many Iranian cities are located in the areas with medium or high relative risk of earthquake. The city of Gorgan with a population, over 330,000 and an area of 3600 hectares in 2012 one of the cities located on earthquake-prone zones with high relative risk of earthquake. Poor positioning of infrastructure plays major role in increasing the vulnerability of the cities during an earthquake. In this paper, the extent of vulnerability in Gorgan was considered through calculating, combining and analyzing factors such as access to medical centers, the distance from fire stations, access to temporary accommodation spaces and the distance from gas stations and gas pressure reduction sites using fuzzy logic model and Arc GIS software. Based on the final map, the distribution of infrastructures in Gorgan has not been accomplished well. The buildings in the western and southern parts of the city, including neighborhoods in the path of nahaarkhoran and Kashani Boulevard are more vulnerable compared to the other parts regarding the distance from infrastructures. This can be met by positioning urban facilities and urban equipment in the mentioned areas. Proper distribution of urban infrastructures in metropolitan areas of cities, including neighborhoods in the path Golshahr, belt road and Imam Reza road protects these areas from earthquakes so that they will suffer less destruction in the event of an earthquake.

Failure to comply with the principles and criteria of locating in urban planning can cause great financial and human losses during an earthquake. Constructing crisis-management supportive bases in urban areas is one of the measures taken to reduce the adverse effects of natural and unnatural disasters. One of the most significant issues prior to constructing these bases is the site selection of them and choosing the safest place during the crisis which has the maximum efficiency in the least possible time in order to prevent extending the scope of crisis. In this study, the location priority indexes of the bases were identified and extracted in the first step by surveying the basis by observing the principles of supportive bases’ site selection. These indexes included worn-out textures, access network hierarchy, compatible and incompatible adjacent, and population and residential density, which were considered and analyzed along with land-use issues. However, to avoid the one-dimensional approaches towards the land use category, land based classification standards, known as LBCS, with its dimensions (Activity, Function, Structure, Ownership and site development) were used. Then base location preference was determined at district area by use of TOPSIS technique, and eventually the information of that zone which was introduced as the first priority for constructing the base was used as the ArcGIS software input to determine the proximate location of the base.

Nowadays, special emphasis is put on the notion of resilience instead of vulnerability. So the need to have research in regional level is obvious, especially in Iran where there has not yet been any deep and encompassing study on the concept of resilience in regional level. The aim of this research is to assess the level of regional resilience in Qazvin Urban Region as a case study. In this applied research, descriptive-analytical- comparative method was used to identify the indicators affecting resiliency and to evaluate these indicators in Qazvin. After defining the indicators through library-based studies, the required information was gathered through population census and Qazvin Comprehensive Plan. Some data was gathered through 384 questionnaires distributed in Qazvin terminals. In order to incorporate indicators, the method of total distance from Mean was used. Based on this method, the definition of the optimal level for each index was required. The optimum level was reached after reviewing similar studies in United States (especially California) and Japan. Then the distance from optimal was calculated for index. The results illustrate that among the different dimensions of resiliency in Qazvin, institutional relationships (by 48%) and the physical dimensions (by %45) have more distance from optimal. "The ratio of hospital beds to population" of physical dimension, "social capital" of the social resiliency, "large-scale area business centers" of the economic resiliency and the "institutional performance" of institutional resiliency have far distance from optimal, and need a priority in planning.

Nowadays, protecting sensitive resources is one of the most important issues by government politics. So, it is essential that government, in order to achieve this target, utilizes beneficial strategies. In this paper, investment optimization for the protection of sensitive systems has been investigated. Defender minimizes the expected damage with respect to budget and area restrictions of defense equipment. However, the attacker maximizes the expected damage of sensitive targets with respect to cost and weight restrictions of attack equipment. Besides, defender deploys false elements to reduce the probability of system and real target vulnerability. False and real elements cannot be distinguished by the attacker. But the attacker has some probability of successfully detecting false targets. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal strategies for defense of sensitive targets considering probability of a successful attack, attacker capability in detecting false targets, reliability block diagram and game theory approach. Finally, the presented model is illustrated for the case study and final findings are analyzed.

Planning to prevent and respond to disasters are two key aims of the crisis management. This paper tries to location-routing facilities considering destruction probabilities for communication paths and congestion in facilities, due to the crises. Thus, a bi-objective model is developed to determine the location emergency facilities, assignment of injuries and routing of emergency vehicles. An injury can receive emergency service if there is at least a free server in corresponding facility and also, the route between its location and related facility is not destructed. The objective functions of the proposed model are the minimization of the rate of injuries not being covered and the minimization of the average travelling times per a time unit. The proposed model was solved using two solution procedures, including e-constraint method and a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed model and the performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated using a case study.

Due to rapid and extensive changes in the supply chain and to survive in competitive cycle, to have an effective supply chain management, origizations have to identify and assess risks accurately. In situations that the number of experts are not enough so, we encounter lack of sufficient information, some existent methods cannot present accurate ranking of the supply chain risks. To solve this problem, in this paper we used jackknife resampling method. moreover, Because of the difficulty of determining the exact amount of risks in real world, in this paper Fuzzy calculation interval analysis technique which was based upon confidence interval and experts opinions is applied. So in this article by means of Fuzzy ELECTRE (I) techniqe and also jackknife re-sampling method and interval analysis we pursue assessment and ranking of effective factors in the risk management of supply chain. Calculation results show that Jackknife resampling method along with interval analysis can provide more exact ranking that fuzzy ELECTRE (I) and external environment factor and related factor to the supporting system are the most and the least important factor respectively and among the risks associated with external environment, political issue are the most important factors and the least significant rank belongs to social issues.