Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2021 | Volume:25 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to a difficult and painful condition if left untreated and the heavy burden of the disease may create many problems for the patients. Objectives: We aimed to design a structural model of quality of life based on optimism mediated by coping strategies in patients with HIV. Methods: The research method was descriptive using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with HIV referred to the Iranian AIDS Studies Center and the Iranian Family Health Association during 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 250 patients with HIV referred to the Iranian AIDS Studies Center and the Iranian Family Health Association who were selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the quality of life, Lazarus-Folkman coping styles, and revised life orientation questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson’, s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS software, version 22, and Lisrel software version 8. 80. Results: Coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life and optimism in patients with HIV (AGFI = 0. 92, RMSEA = 0. 051). Conclusions: Coping strategies played a mediating role in the relationship between optimism and quality of life so that quality of life increased with the direct effect of optimism and coping strategies.

Background: Given the special care needs of children with Chronic Kidney Disease and the key role of the family in providing these health services, the level of parental knowledge and awareness about their child’, s disease status is essential. This study We aimed to determine the parental levelawareness level of awareness of parents with children with Chronic Kidney Disease in Ahvaz. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the census sampling method was used census. After completing demographic questionnaires and a researcher-made questionnaire, the level of parental knowledge and awareness was assessed in parents with children with Chronic Kidney Disease referred to Aboozar Hospital of Ahvaz. Results: The study involved 42 children with Chronic Kidney Disease and their parents. The mean±, SD age of the children was 9. 85 ±, 1. 22 and the mean±, SD duration of illness was 11. 18 ±,9. 38 months. Knowledge and awareness of parents were rated as 3 subjects (7. 14%), 38 (90. 4%), and 1 (2. 3%) parentwith had poor Knowledge and awareness, 38 subjects (90. 4%) as moderate, and 1 subject (2. 3%) asggood knowledge and awareness, respectively. There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge and awareness between any of the studied demographic variables studied (P> 0. 05). Except for occupation that there was only one employee and the average level of awareness was lower than that of housewives. (I don’, t understand what you mean. ) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that parents of children with Chronic Kidney Disease did not have a sufficient level of knowledge and awareness about their child care. So it seems necessary to provide training programs for this group.

Background: Bacterial infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation agents are one of the most important challenges researchers and doctors face. Therefore, many studies have been done on medicinal plants to find phytochemical antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents. Objectives: In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of the acetone and aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf, fruit, and gall were evaluated against some bacteria. Methods: The leaves, fruits, and galls of P. atlantica were collected from the forests of Lorestan province, Iran. Antibacterial effects of extracts were studied by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Microdilution method was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of extracts. Anti-biofilm activity of acetone and aqueous extracts in sub-lethal concentration was investigated by crystal violet-stained microtiter method. Results: Acetone extract of P. atlantica had significant antibacterial effects against tested bacteria except for E. coli. There was a significant relationship between antibacterial activity and extract concentration (P < 0. 05). The minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone and aqueous extract of leaf, fruit, and galls ranged from 3-12. 5 mg/mL. The acetone extract of P. atlantica galls had a high inhibitory effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation at a concentration of 12. 5 and 25. 0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The gall extracts of P. atlantica have a significant inhibitory effect against bacteria, which is probably related to certain active compounds. These extracts inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease without definite and exact treatment. Interventions such as chemical drugs, physiotherapy, and even surgery are suggested for treatment. Herbal medicine, which is currently very popular, has also been suggested for treatment because of fewer side effects, low cost, and the possibility to use it topically home. Satureja khuzestanica jamzad, the native plant of Lorestan and Khuzestan, is known for its analgesic effects. Objective: We aimed to compare the effect of Satureja khuzestanica jamzad 3% ointment with piroxicam gel for pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 70 patients with mild to moderate knee OA were randomly divided into experimental groups (essential oil extract of Satureja khuzestanica jamzad 3% or piroxicam gel). The severity of pain was recorded at baseline, and after one and two weeks by visual analogue scale. ANOVA was used for data analysis and the effect size was computed by Cohen’, s d. Results: Reduction of pain was seen in both groups and group comparisons also showed a significant difference (P < 0. 05). The more effect size was detected in the group receiving Satureja khuzestanica jamzad 3% ointment compared with the piroxicam group. Conclusion: The topical use of Satureja khuzestanica jamzad 3% essential oil is a good choice to reduce pain in patients with knee OA. It may be used as a drug in phonophoresis.

Background: The effect of water exercise on weight-loss parameters is still controversial. We aimed to explore the effect of WATERinMOTION (WiM) aquatic exercise on weight loss and metabolic profiles in sedentary obese elderly men. Methods: Sixty-one sedentary older men, who came to the Ukrainian Sports Medicine Center for a weight-loss consultation, voluntarily took part in this cross-sectional study (Kyiv, summer 2019). The participants were selected using convenient sampling and allocated randomly to two groups: WiM (n = 31) or a control group (n = 30). Meanwhile, the WiM group performed the WiM exercise plan with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercise. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. This study lasted for one month. Anthropometric indices (height, weight, and waist circumference) and metabolic profile assessment (glycemia and lipid profiles) were obtained at baseline and after the study. Results: No significant differences were found in any of the analyzed parameters. Pre-and post-study comparison showed a significant reduction in weight (-1. 8, P = 0. 003) and mean BMI (-0. 7, P = 0. 004) in the WiM group. Furthermore, a significant difference was found only in weight after the study (P = 0. 002). Conclusion: The WiM plan, without dietetic intervention, had a positive influence on weight, waist circumference, and metabolic profiles in sedentary obese elderly men.

Background: In Iran, hepatitis B vaccination has been routinely performed for infants since 1993. This vaccination has also been suggested for individuals at risk. Recently, with the birth of children in 1993 and later to the age of entry to the university, assuming they were vaccinated against hepatitis B at birth, the issue of tracking the immunity of these students has been obscured or neglected. Moreover, the entry of some individuals born before 1993 to the university who have not been immunized against this disease in childhood, has made this issue more complicated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage, HBS-Ab level and its related factors among dentistry and medical students. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed through providing a checklist and serological tests. After obtaining written consent from the students, the information of 300 students were entered into SPSS software, version 16. 0, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used and P < 0. 05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 students, 55%, 28. 7%, and 16. 3% had weak, medium, and good HBS-Ab titer with rates of less than 10, 10 to 100, and more than 100, respectively, moreover, the mean HBS-Ab titer was significantly different between different immune groups (Weak, Medium, and Good) (P = 0. 000) (Write P < 0. 001 instead of P = 0. 000). Vaccination coverage was at a very low level so that only 6. 3% of the subjects completed the hepatitis B vaccination in the past 1 to 5 years (when entering university). the mean HBS-Ab titer was significantly correlated with the time elapsed since the last vaccination (P < 0. 05) (It was better to write the exact P values). The immunity level among the married individuals and clinical students was significantly higher compared to the single individuals and preclinical students, respectively (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Considering the low level of vaccination coverage among the students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (6. 3%) compared with other universities, it is better to design a program that will allow all students enrolled in such fields to receive hepatitis B vaccination when entering the university.

Background: Although childbirth is a natural process, the choice of birth method is one of the concerns of pregnant women. Proper counseling for pregnant women can ensure a safe and healthy delivery. Objective: This study We aimed to compare the effects of group and face-to-face health counseling on the attitude of mode of delivery and reduction of Cesarean section in pregnant women. Methods: This study was a comparative randomized controlled trial that was conducted in health centers of Dezful city, in the south west of Iran from April to October 2016. Participants in the study included 150 pregnant women who had no contraindications for normal vaginal delivery, but opted for a cesarean delivery. Initially, multi-stage sampling method was used based on the study objectives, and then the participants were randomly assigned into three groups: group counseling, face-to-face, and control. Demographic characteristics and attitude questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through SPSS 22 using One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Chi-square, ANOVA, McNemar, and t-tests. The P< value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: All the participants (100%) in the face-to-face counseling group, 92% in the group counseling, and 12% in the control group changed their selected birth method to vaginal delivery after the consultation. In terms of attitude level, there was a significant difference in all three study groups before and after theintervention (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: The face-to-face as well as the group health counseling sessions promoted the attitude of pregnant women to the normal vaginal delivery. Individual counseling for people who cannot coordinate with the group is better than group counseling. This way more pregnant women can be consulted.

Background: Box 7 protein (PAX7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) proteins are the essential proteins to regulate the satellite cell and muscle hypertrophy. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on PAX7 and MyoD in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of old rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 old female rats were randomly divided into two groups including RT and control groups. The RT program was three days a week for eight weeks, in which the rats climbed a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps. The carried weights varied from 50% of body weight in the first week to 100% of body weight in the 8th week. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis (P≤, 0. 05). Results: MyoD protein in RT group significantly increased in soleus and EDL muscles compared with the control group (P = 0. 001). Also, Pax7 significantly increased in the soleus muscle in the RT group compared with control group (P = 0. 002),nevertheless, there was no significant difference in Pax7 protein in the EDL muscle between the RT and control groups (P = 0. 10). Conclusion: RT can lead to proliferation and renewal of satellite cells in the soleus and EDL muscles by increasing PAX7 and MyoD proteins.

Based on past experience, in the context of epidemics, the nutritional status of individuals is considered as an indicator of resistance to critical situations. During quarantine, inappropriate eating patterns will increase calorie intake and lead to obesity. Unhealthy eating habits during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have raised the risk of obesity, followed by an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and lung disease. Certain nutrients or food combinations can affect the body by activating the cellular immune system, modifying the production of molecular signaling, and gene expression. Dietary supplements with vitamins, bioactive lipids, flavonoids, and herbs support the human immune system against COVID-19. Since there is still no definitive cure for COVID-19 infection and owing to obligatory symbiosis with this virus in the future, the behavior and attitude as well as the lifestyle of people to maintain their health should change. To achieve the desired goal, in the future, it is increasingly necessary to look for suitable and safe food products to strengthen the immune system against diseases, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic that affects the cardiovascular system by various mechanisms. We report two cases of cardiac tamponade in patients with COVID-19, who underwent surgery and had different outcomes. Cardiac complications can occur in patients with COVID-19 that need special attention and may increase mortality and morbidity.