JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:10

The concept of the subject is rooted in modern-day thinking that has a political nature in the twentieth century; the subject can be examined from at least three perspectives; in the modern sense, starting with Descartes, the subject is a cognitive subject independent of the metaphysical forces capable of thinking and acting. From the post-structuralist and postmodernist perspective, which is particularly embodied in Foucault's thought, the subject is the invention of the modern age and has been declining with the end of modernism. In this sense, the subject is dominated by the elements of power, and is formed entirely within the context of historical forces and discourses. In the third perspective, the subject is a subject that is formed within the context of historical forces and discourses but also capable of resisting and changing it. This paper studies the concept of subject in different approaches to discourse analysis by means of documentary method. The results show that the subject and its identity have gone through many ups and downs, sometimes in awe of creative and affective activity and sometimes in the form of passive and confined creatures. From the perspective of discourse analysis, especially Laclau's and Mouffe's discourse approaches, subjects in certain situations are able to disintegrate one discourse and make the discourse hegemonic.

Teaching-learning as a multifaceted٫ complex and dynamic issue including processes that are considered in the academic system to achieve the basic goals. In this way٫ various models and frameworks have been developed to describe, analyze, and explicate this issue. However, lack of consensus in clarifying teachinglearning and the numerous approaches and models, which are mostly non-native, highlighting the multi-faceted nature of this issue and on the other hand, indicating call for expanding frameworks in teaching-learning, in particular in the realm of higher education. The present study is an attempt to explore the meta-synthesis of teaching-learning patterns and frame works with a complex adoptive system approach. To this end, relevant criteria of teaching-learning based on the complex adoptive system approach were considered and expressed in the form of a meta-synthesis of the research literature. This study clarified teaching-learning in higher education based on the components such as organizational structure, human factors (teacher-learner), environment, capacity and efficiency in the complex adoptive system approach. The findings may provide a suitable platform for description, analysis, and evaluation of teaching-learning in the realm of higher education. Key words: Teaching-learning, Higher education, System approach, Complex adoptive system approach, Meta-synthesis

During the Qajar period, Iran took steps to renovate its old structures and familiarize itself with the economy, industry and import and export developments. The weakness of the economic structure did not have a place in the international economy of that era, but Iran's favorable trade position expanded relations with Russia. The purpose of this study is to examine the underdeveloped structure of import and export with Russia based on Qajar documents. Theoretically, we have attempted to analyze the reasons for the substitution of Iran's imports and exports and the factors that have led Iran to the point of dependence and backwardness. The main hypothesis of this study is the impact of misguided Qajar and subsequent governments’ policy on the underdevelopment of Iran and Russia's imports and exports. Due to the nature of the issue, the present study has been done by historical method. Historical research is carried out using documents to elucidate the common characteristics of historical phenomena and events and the reasons for their occurrence (Hafeznia, 2007). Accordingly, the essential point in historical research is the validity of the documents under investigation. In the present study, the researcher has attempted to obtain acceptable validity by using case studies and referring to the library (library method) and by consulting with experts and colleagues and external and internal critique of data sources. The findings of the study emphasize two points: 1-The colonial governments, including Russia in the 19th century, play an important role in Iran's industrial underdevelopment by restricting the activities of Iranian capitalists in important industrial areas, establishing industrial dependence and limiting imports and exports, insolving domestic industries, pushing the country's economy toward Iran's production of raw materials and deprivation of a significant portion of its oil revenues over a long period 2-Although the Qajaris were the source of Iran's industrial underdevelopment, the post-Qajar governments also played a significant role in the industrial underdevelopment of Iran.

The main objective of this research is to explain the components of social capital affecting the performance of municipal employees (case study in 22nd district of Tehran). The research is based on the purpose of the applied and data-gathering method of descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population of the survey is all 797 employees of Tehran 22nd district of Tehran. Based on Morgan's table, the sample should be contained of 260 people. A total of 280 questionnaires are distributed and 267 questionnaires have been returned to the researcher in full. The data collection in this research is done through a standard social capital questionnaire and job performance questionnaire. The social capital questionnaire has 21 items with structural, relational and cognitive dimensions. A job function questionnaire with 44 items is used. Regarding the use of standard questionnaires and with the approval of supervisors and counselors, the validity of the tool is formal. By distributing 30 questionnaires among managers and experts and the results obtained with final Cronbach alpha for social capital is 0. 806 and final Cronbach alpha for job performance is 0. 894. The results of the t test at the 95% confidence level indicate that the status of the social capital and job performance of the employees are above the average. The results of the regression test show that the related beta coefficient to the components of structural capital, relational capital, and cognitive capital is positive. Whereas the calculated beta for relational capital is in the first place, cognitive capital is in the second place and finally the structural capital is in the third place.

Since one of the main pillars of development is attention to equality and justice in the distribution of resources between different sectors of society, therefore, the concentration and inappropriate distribution of facilities and services in different regions have always been considered as one of the pitfalls of development, which requires a scientific review. In this research, the main goal was to study the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan province. To achieve this goal, 31 indicators of development were assessed in three categories: socio-cultural, health, and economic and infrastructure in 20 cities. The methodology of this study is to classify the provinces based on numerical mal taxonomy and cluster analysis and also, the method of collecting is documentary information. The results of this study showed that, the cities of Tabriz, Marand and Maragheh are in high ranking of development, respectively, and the cities of Khadafrien and Charaymahq are in the last positions. The results of the research show that, the development rate in the western part of the province was higher than the eastern regions, and the level of development is in relation to the distance from the center, and access to rail and road transport lines.

This study examines the type and power of the relationship between corruption and human development in societies, using information provided by UNDP and Transparency International from 2010 to 2012. The theoretical model obtained shows that there is a two-way relationship between the CPI and the Human Development Index (HDI). Corruption indirectly restricts human development by negatively affecting gross national income and economic growth, and the process of human development directly affecting the increase of corruption by adopting new laws and increasing government authority and revenue. Available data are analyzed by regression models. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two indicators of human development (HDI) and administrative corruption (CPI) in 2010-2012. The results also show that human development subtypes (life expectancy, academic achievement, and gross income) as independent variables influence the level of corruption index (CPI) and the largest share in this regard belongs to the GDP sub-index.

undoubtedly, with all the changes that have taken place in the social media landscape, advertising has been recognized as the most important financial support for the media, and competition between social networks Facebook, YouTube, Netfix and Amazon to attract tourists on the move. In this study, the impact of advertising in social media, audience participation and oral-to-mouth advertising on the behavioral patterns of European tourists has been studied through cognitive image and emotional image of the Facebook social network. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study is European tourists in Tehran. The inferential analysis of the data was done using the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the internal consistency of the tool was determined by the KMO test and Bartlett's spherical test for the appropriateness of the sample size and the separation of the factors, and the structural equation model was used to determine the causal relationship between the variables. The findings show that tourism advertising has a positive and meaningful effect on the cognitive image of the destination, but the advertisement of the tourism media on the emotional image is unaffected. The audience participation and oral-to-mouth advertisements have a positive impact on the image of the image. It also has a significant impact on the emotional image and emotional image of the behavioral tendencies of tourists. It has a positive and constructive impact on the planning of creativity and innovation in advertising, the recognition of the audience in terms of gender and the choice of advertising, and the creation of tourist websites in the media. Socially acceptable levels are effective in attracting tourists.

In this paper, while trying to define the concept of Social Development Bank and its difference with conventional commercial banks based on the World Institute of Social Banking Education and its experts, the requirements and operational requirements of this banking business model are interpreted with an interpretation approach. Explicated by the theories of Max Weber, George Simmel, and Amartya Sen. According to Weber's theory, capitalist reason, along with a spirit of ethics, can bring about growth and prosperity. According to Simmel's theory, money can affect all social relations, and human freedom can be determined by the same phenomenon. Then, using the documentary research method of reliable banking network statistics and information based on data of the Ministry of Economy and Finance as well as the Central Bank in 2014 and 2015, the performance of national banks is evaluated. It demonstrates facility in securing bank deposits as well as uneven distribution and allocation of resources. Finally, in order to achieve a social development bank, a variety of common world-class models that fit the economic structure of the country are presented and introduced.

Sustainable, livable and efficient neighborhoods can only developed through clever, smart and participatory planning and designing measures. Today, attention and emphasis on urban planning and management devoted to lower and more subtle and objective levels of urban life (neighborhood) and to participate being seen as essential and inseparable component of development and add on its importance day by day. The main pillar of the success of neighborhood development projects is partnership that will increase the participation rate, Feeling of belonging and membership in the neighborhood and feeling of influence and influence on the social environment in which it lives; Therefore, the main purpose of the present research is assessing the sense of neighborhood feeling with Increasing citizen participation in neighborhood development projects Is within the boundaries of the Pir Madar neighborhood in Ardabil. The present study is an applied objective and is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and in terms of data collection method is survey method. The statistical population of this study is the residents of the Pir Madar neighborhood, district 5 of region1 Ardabil which in 2017 includes 5294 people. Also, the sample size of 358 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient are 0. 89. Finally, at the stage of data analysis, to measure the status quo of partnership and neighborhood sense from T test, to examine the relationship between partnership in neighborhood development from Pearson Correlation Coefficient test and to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics with neighborhood sense and willingness to participate Tthe Chi-square test. In the form of SPSS software is used. The results indicate a significant relationship between increasing the sense of neighborhood belonging with the degree of readiness to participate in community development projects. And finally, suggestions have been made.

In this study, in order to Study the Role of IRIB organization in developing creative city in Ghiyamdasht, some different intellectuals’ opinions have been brought up and investigated. And also some different opinions among Citizens in Ghiyamdasht are gathered and analyzed and then the presented opinions by them are used. The method conducted in this study is field research and library literature review. In terms of the way of conducting, it is a correlational research and in terms of the research purpose, it exists among applied researches. According to a sample formula, the sample population should be consists of 384 people. Therefore, 400 questionnaires are distributed among the members of the target population. In next phase, the researcher analyzed and interpreted the data gathered. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data of this study. Description of data has been presented in tables representing different indices such as absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance in background and main variables. Correlational tests, multiple regression and F-test were used to get into the proper conclusion and test hypotheses. According to research data, it can be said that national media is effective in developing the creative city in Ghiyamdasht. Average variables of economic indices (2. 98), social indices (3. 37), artistic cultural indices (3. 5), TV press conference (3. 47), TV news conference (3. 47), TV subtitles (3. 25), TV news and reporting (3. 34).