JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL RESEARCH
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (6)|Papers Count:8

Bovine viral diarrhea disease virus (BVDV) from flaviviridae family and pestiviruses can cause reproductive complications including abortion, stillbirth, infertility, congenital defects and many other economic losses. Because of difficult clinical diagnosis, many laboratory methods including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used to exact diagnosis.In this study, 251 samples of aborted fetuses were referred from industrial dairy farms of Tehran province and evaluated in a reference laboratory during one year. Samples tested were tissues, including liver, kidney, spleen and heart were the fetus.Based on the results, the estimated prevalence of abortion due to BVD in Tehran province was 25.2% and based on the season, respectively, spring 33.3%, summer 18%, atom 34.2%, winter 23.7%.In order to reduce the prevalence of BVD abortions the following points should be noted: identification and elimination PIs, vaccination, application of bio-security principles and etc.

Currently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the golden and ultimate standard methods for diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. However, SCC has a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, for identification of infected animals new biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy are needed. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are proteins that are increased (positive APPs) or decreased (negative APPs) in response to inflammation.The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the milk APPs for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy cows were randomly selected. Of these, 52 cows were considered to have subclinical mastitis based on a SCC higher than 130×1000 cells/mL of milk and positive bacterial culture results of milk samples obtained from at least one of the quarters. Milk amyloid A (MAA) concentration was measured using a commercial ELISA kit and albumin, a-lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulin (Ig) were measured in whey samples by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and cutoff points for each test were determined via receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Significant (P<0.001) increases in the mean and median concentration of MAA, albumin, a-lactalbumin, and Ig were found in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. MAA was the most accurate test with a diagnostic sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 92.1% at cutoff point of>1.6 mg/L. The results of this study showed that determination of MAA and some milk serum proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulins can be used as potential and reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post insemination supplementation with CIDR for 7 days on conception rate in repeat breeder high yielding dairy cows.High yielding cows (n=60) (Peak>45kg) were divided randomly into treatment and control groups while all were repeat breeders (minimum 4 unsuccessful insemination). Treated cows (n=30) received a CIDR on day 5 post insemination which was removed after a week. Control cows (n=30) did not receive any treatment.Considered parameters were pregnancy rate in first service and the average number of service to pregnancy following the applications of CIDR.Pregnancy rate in first service following the applications of CIDR was not significantly different between treatment group (46.7%) and control group (26.7%) (P=0.11).The average number of service to pregnancy following the applications of CIDR into treatment group (1.06±1.31) was not significantly different compared to that for the control group (1.16±0.98) (P=0.10).Results indicated that supplementation with CIDR from 5 to 12 days post-insemination does not improve conception rate in repeat breeder high yielding dairy cows (P>0.05).

This study has been performed on ten quintet groups of mice. In fact, the role of adrenergic system on the effect of EMF on acute pain sensation has been examined treating with four drugs (yohimbine, xylazine, propranolol and salbutamol). The animals were divided into two groups, the first group were exposed to EMF (one hour in a day for 7 days), whereas the second group weren’t exposed to EMF. Both groups were treated with the drugs (IP) separately.The results revealed that Yohimbin (a2 Blocker) decreased and Xylazine (a2 Agonist) increased the analgesic effect of EMF on chronic pain but Propranolol (b1, b2, b3 Blocker) and Salbutamol (b2 Agonist) didn’t show any significant different in analgesic effect of EMF on acute pain.In conclusion we can say that the EMF has the antinociceptive effect on the chronic pain threshold via adrenergic system.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of clinical mastitis on reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows in IRAN. Therefore we collected data from one large dairy farm (4200 dairy cows) from March 2008 until June 2010.The animals were divided into two groups according to ccurrence of mastitis as follows: clinical mastitis cows which occurred before pregnancy as group I (n=1248), cows without any mastitis selected as control, group II (n=1347), then collected information were analyzed using SPSS.various reproductive indices such as the days of calving to first services (DFS), calving to conception interval (CCI) services per conception (S/C), pregnancy percent in various intervals (120 & 150 days) after calving (PP<120, PP<150) and mastitis prevalence in various seasons and months of the year were analyzed and compared with control group. Also the pregnancy rate of services almost two months before and after mastitis was studied. Then we used T test, chi square and Anova test to analyze two groups. Based on our results, in this study the great prevalence of mastitis was in summer and the least in winter (P£0.001). And also the great prevalence of mastitis was in September (Shahrivar) and the least was in march (Esfand) (P£0.001). Results indicated the undesirable reproductive indices in the mastitis cows compared with the control group.Statistical analysis of results showed that there is a significant difference between two groups (mastitis vs control) (P£0.001) in the most instances, such as DFS, CCI, S/C, PP<120, PP<150, as DFS: 63 days vs.43 days, CCI: 203 days vs.82 days, S/C: 3.6 vs.1.8, PP<120: 31% vs.80%, PP<150: 45% vs.88% respectively.

Wound discharge and necrotized tissue are attractive for flies to lay their eggs on wounds. Open wound myiasis occurs when the eggs convert to larva and they start to feed on debris and discharges of the wound. Complete removal of larva and controlling the infection are the important steps for wound myiasis treatment. At least three days of hatching is required for converting the eggs to larva. Re-infestation of wounds may occur, even in a fly free environment, as the flies lay their eggs on different days.This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mechanical removal of maggots with or without application of Permethrin 5% Cream on 8 dogs suffering from wound myiasis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the two treatment protocols, re-infestation and wound healing were monitored on third, sixth and ninth days post treatment.Results showed that, although Permethrin 5% cream will prevent the re-infestation of wounds by larva, but have some adverse effects on wound healing. In comparison, mechanical removal of the larva without application of Permetrin will not prevent the re–infestation while provide an optimal wound healing process.According to the results, a minimum of two examinations with three days interval is necessary for the assurance of elimination of all larvas for wound myiasis treatment.

Cleft palate is one of the common congenital disorders in calves that might be associated with other defects such as harelip, brachygnathia, arthrogryposis, etc. The objective of this study was to introduce brachygnathia inferior, cleft palate, accumulation of serumen in the ear in a calf. A Holstein calf with aforementioned abnormalities, 47 days after birth was clinically examined in a dairy herd in Tehran. After clinical examinations, necropsy was performed. At necropsy findings, cleft palate with 15 cm length and 3 cm width was diagnosed. Enlargement and edema in the lymph nodes of digestive system were other congenital defects. These defects have not been reported in a calf in the literature.

In 27th of December 2010 a male Siberian tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) in Tehran zoo was visited and bilateral signs of acute systemic disease was noticed, epistaxis, inspiratory dispnea, polydipsia, coutaneus ulcers specially on tail, chest and limbs were recognized.After sampling and culture from nasal discharge an aerobic, gram negative, immotile and bipolar bacilli isolated.Clinical signs, characteristic of bacterial infection in addition to the history of feeding with donkey meat without performing Mallein test were our reason to become suspicious to Glanders that later was confirmed with PCR.Post mortem examination showed the multiple nasal mucosal nodules, mucosal erosions, cutaneous ulcers with fistula and sinus formation and yellowish discharge. The tiger was FIV positive too.