Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:64 | Issue:4|Papers Count:40

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to predict marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles mediated by sexual satisfaction and love story of couples. Methods: The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Judiciary in Arak who had referred to these centers in a period of 6 months in 1398. The total statistical population was 600 couples (1200 people) and 146 couples (292 people) were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Data collection tool: Hazan and Shiver Attachment Styles Scale Questionnaire (1993),Marital Conflict Scale Sanaei et al. (2000),Saatchi et al. 's Life Skills Scale (2010),The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale (1988) and the Sternberg Love Story Scale were standardized by (Alaei and Karami, 2007), all of which had validity and reliability. This study was a correlational study that was performed by structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that both sexual satisfaction and love story can play a mediating role in predicting marital conflicts based on life skills and attachment styles. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that sexual satisfaction can balance the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflict and reduce the rate of marital conflict. Also, the love story in the relationship between life skills and marital conflicts can reduce these conflicts.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the effectiveness of emotional focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on quality of life in obese women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of all women with(pcos)in the age range of 20-40 who referred to IbnSina clinic in Tehran in 2019. The sampling method of this study was purposive sampling by matching and homogenizing based on celibacy, marriage, age and education and by random substitution in groups were replaced. The research instrument was the Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with PCOS developed by Cronin et al. 1998. After completing the pretest, the intervention groups received 9 sessions of intervention while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Results: Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of quality of life in terms of group membership (experimental groups and control group) in the post-test stage. Therefore, emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy improved quality of life scores compared to the control group (P <0. 05). Also there is no statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of emotionbased therapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy in quality of life. The results showed that the effectiveness of emotional-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life in the follow-up phase was continuous. Conclusion: Emotion focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective way to increase the quality of life in obese women withPCOS.

Introduction: A common complication in patients with stroke, sensory impairments is particularly proprioception. There is evidence that hydrotherapies due to challenging their sensory system and the balance and hydrotherapies is one of the curative methods of this illness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of aquatic training on proprioception of ankle joint in patients with stroke. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial (RCT). 30 available male patients with chronic ischemic stroke were randomly divided into 3 equal groups of 10 subjects including two groups of training (shallow and deep) and one control group. Interventional groups had the aquatic exercise therapy program that included 6 weeks (3 sessions of exercises per week) and the control group did not experience any aquatic exercise. All groups before and after the intervention to assess proprioception with a goniometer pedal and the data analyzed using analysis of covariance and the Tukey post hoc test were analyzed. Results: The results showed that after adjustment for confounding proprioception before the intervention, the three groups, in terms of proprioception after the intervention, with no significant differences (P = 0. 058). Conclusion: Due to the lack of significant differences in ankle joint proprioception in the two groups is not recommended the protocol of aquatic training in this study could not be considered as a safe and new approach way to improve proprioception patients with chronic ischemic stroke regarded and used. Although it is possible to increase the duration or intensity of exercise and more exercise can affect the ankle joint proprioception.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth cause of cancer death worldwide. It develops through multiple steps that results from the progressive accumulation of mutations and epigenetic modifications in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes. Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the regulation and transcription of gene expression. These modifications involve DNA methylation of promoter regions, histone modifications, and non‐, coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interventions. Histone modification and DNA methylation are involved in a complex network to maintain gene silencing lead to tumorigenesis. DNA methylation is methylated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which transfer the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to generate patterns of genomic methylation that silence genes. In this review, we discuss the current and fast-growing knowledge about the contribution of the hypermethylation of several TSGs toward an understanding of molecular mechanisms of CRC. Methods. For this review article, the eligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, NCBI, and Ovid database with the MeSH terms combined with free terms. Results. We found evidence that DNA methyltransferases can induce DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) resulting in cancer induction. Conclusion. The downregulation of TSGs expression might be responsible in promoting cancer induction.

Introduction: The aim of research was comparison the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy, drug therapy and their combination methods on alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulty in women with postpartum depression. Material and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. Research population was women with postpartum depression that referring to health and care centers of Mashhad city in 2018 year. 45 people selected by available sampling method and simple random method with lottery assigned to three groups of 15 people. The first group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of dialectical behavior therapy, the second group received 200 mg Fluoxamine per day and the third group received a combination of both methods. The research instruments were the questionnaires of Toronto alexithymia (Bagby & et al, 1994) and difficulty in emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test methods. Results: The findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy and combined methods in compared with the drug therapy significantly led to reduce the alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulty in women with postpartum depression, but there was no significant difference between the dialectical behavior therapy and combined methods in reducing their alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulty (p<0/05). Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulty of women with postpartum depression used from dialectical behavior therapy method.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation of the skin-immune system characterized by arterial erythematous plaques. Carotid artery intima measurement can be a tool for early detection of atherosclerosis in the preocclusion stage and has clinical signs. Material and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 control people aged 20 to 60 years who referred to the dermatology clinic at 22 Bahman Hospital in Mashhad during 2018-2019, sampling was performed by available method. After explaining the research process and obtaining patients informed concept, data was recorded in the checklist. Radiologist colleague of this study using ultrasound for a Carotid-Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) measurement. In this study of SPSS16 and statistical tests of Anova, Man Whitney, and Pearson were used to analyze the data. Results: CIMT was found in patients and the control group at 0. 059 ±,0. 51 and 0. 047 ±,0. 47 mm, respectively ( p value= 0. 010). Pearson correlation coefficient did not report a significant relationship between mean CIMT in patients with age, sex and BMI. Conclusion: Since CIMT has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, stricter control of other risk factors for atherosclerosis than others and stricter control of inflammation in these individuals are necessary.

Introduction: The main purpose of this structural model was the relationship between transformational capital, educational expectation and academic well-being, behavioral inhibition mediated by parental psychological control in students volunteering to enter universities. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study includes all male and female students volunteering to enter the university in District 1 of Rasht in 1398 in the number of 1560 people. The sample size was 500 people (236 boys and 264 girls). Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. Data collection tools include 7 scales: 1-Skels and Benson (2005) Transformational Capital Questionnaire, 2-Sonnes et al. 's (2010) Psychological Control Questionnaire, 3-Date and Lumbar Education Expectancy Scale (1396) 4-Welfare Scale Tominen-Sweeney et al. (2012). 5-Behavioral Inhibition Scale includes Adult Scale (2005), used to analyze data obtained from Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, factor analysis test and structural equation modeling Has been. Results: Findings showed that there is a relationship between transformational capitals with mediation of parental psychological control through behavioral inhibition, between transformational capitals with mediation of parental psychological control through academic well-being (P <0. 01). There is also a relationship between education expectation mediated by parental psychological control through behavioral inhibition, and between education expectation mediated by parental psychological control through academic well-being. (01/0> P). Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be said that since the two variables of academic hope and academic well-being-as the first effective variables-affect both the objective and subjective dimensions of academic achievement, they can be considered as the most important factors in the process. Academic counseling should be considered. Therefore, creating and strengthening a positive academic self-concept in students by providing positive feedback and verbal reinforcements,it is also suggested to increase academic skills through methods of increasing concentration, study and learning methods, overcoming entrance exam anxiety with different behavioral and cognitive methods.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of quality of life of heart patients based on the Center for Health Control and Disease Perception with the mediating role of mood dysphoria and cognitive flexibility. Material and Methods: The method of this study was descriptivecorrelation. The statistical population of the study included all heart patients referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Tehran Heart Center and Khatam AlAnbia Hospital in Tehran. A total of 281 patients were selected by convenience sampling and answered the Minnesota Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with Heart Failure, the Short Disease Perception Questionnaire, the Health Center Multidimensional Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and the Toronto Mood Dysfunction Scale. Results: Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the structural model of quality of life of heart patients based on health control and disease perception with the mediating role of mood dysphoria and cognitive flexibility fits. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between health control center, disease perception and cognitive flexibility with quality of life (P <0. 05), negative and significant relationship between mood distress and quality of life (P <0. 05), between health control center and perception. Disease has a negative and significant relationship with quality of life (P <0. 05) and there is a positive and significant relationship (P <0. 05) between health control and disease perception with cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: As a result, paying attention to the psychological dimensions and characteristics of patients with heart disease can bring a better understanding of this disease for patients and increase the quality of life.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of imaging therapy through information reprocessing and coherent memory therapy on life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with a control group with pre-test, post-test and quarterly follow-up. Material and Methods: The statistical population of this study included all people aged 60 years and older living in a nursing home located in Gilan province. Sixty eligible individuals were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and by simple random sampling and were replaced in experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Snyder Life expectancy scale (1991) and Dehshiri et al. (2008) Loneliness Questionnaire. Both experimental and control groups were pre-tested using research tools. Then, cohesive harmonization intervention was performed in six sessions and illustration intervention through information reprocessing was performed in seven sessions for their own experimental groups. At the end of the intervention, both experimental and control groups were posttested using research tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the treatment of coherent reminiscence was more effective than imaging through information reprocessing in increasing the life expectancy variable (P <0. 05). Also, the treatment of coherent memory and imagery through information reprocessing have equal effectiveness in increasing the quality of life variable (P <0. 05). These results were maintained at quarterly follow-up. Conclusion: Due to the greater effectiveness of reminiscence on life expectancy, it is suggested that this intervention be considered as a technique with easy implementation by mental health experts in nursing homes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on Adler lifestyle and hope therapy on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran. Material and Methods: The study method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test-follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all men and women with multiple sclerosis who had filed in the Tehran MS Association. Using available sampling method, 45 patients were selected and randomly and equally divided into three groups of hope therapy, Adler-based lifestyle therapy and control group. Data collection tools were Antonovsky (1993) Mental Cohesion Scale and Davis Empathy Questionnaire (1983). The experimental groups underwent eight two-hour sessions of hope therapy intervention and Adler lifestyle intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that hope therapy is effective on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0. 01). Adler lifestyle therapy is effective on psychological cohesion and empathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0. 01). These results were maintained during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Counselors and psychotherapists are advised to use these therapies in the long run to increase the psychological cohesion and empathy of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Recent research has further examined medical tourism, so the present study was conducted to provide a medical tourism marketing model using the foundation data approach, Therefore, the aim of this study was to design an emotional attitude model in customers' purchasing decisions in Service markets. Methods: The approach of this study was qualitative and used the foundation data approach. The statistical population of this study includes managers, experts, physicians of public and private hospitals in Tehran, medical assistants of the university who had a managerial background in hospitals and medical tourism centers in Iran and the researcher was satisfied with 15 nterviews. Results: The researcher presents his research in the form of a model including six dimensions, satisfaction with the brand of the tourism center, trust in the brand therapy of the medical tourism center, diversity of medical services, marketing of medical tourism, appropriate treatment package, loyalty to the brand of the medical center, and thirty-one sub-dimensions has done. Conclusion: It seems that the empowerment of experts in international patient units, the development of professional skills of the medical department, the management of medical tourism agents, the promotion of international marketing and advertising, quality and cost monitoring and management, attention to the standards of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and "International and joint national and international cooperation agreements with medical tourism stakeholders can facilitate the development of medical tourism.

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of skills training based on emotionally focused approach and self-compassion on marital conflicts and differentiation of self of women affected by marital infidelity. Material and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study and the statistical population included all women affected by marital infidelity in Mashhad during 2019-2020. A statistical sample of 45 women who referred to counseling centers and were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The intervention groups received emotionally focused training and self-compassion separately for 8 sessions of 90minutes and the control group was on the waiting list. Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000) and The Differentiation of Self-Inventory Revised(DSI-R) of Skowron and Schmitt (2003) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using the SPSS 24 software. Results: The results showed that training in emotion-focused approach and selfcompassion skills has a significant effect on marital conflicts and differentiation of self of women affected by marital infidelity (p <0. 05). In addition, the results of post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two interventions (p <0. 05) and the effect of training emotionally focused approach skills towards self-compassion in the variable of differentiation of self was significant. Conclusion: Findings showed that teaching an emotionally focused approach by increasing emotional awareness and awareness of agency in experience and change processes can be used as an effective training to improve the interaction patterns of women affected by marital infidelity.

Introduction: Consumption of fried foods and heated oils is spreading rapidly, which has become a nutritional problem in today's society. This study aimed to determine the effect of a course of aerobic training and octopamine supplementation on the expression of DRP, MFN-1, and cytochrome C genes in the heart muscle of rats fed with deep-fried oils. Material and Methods: thirty 8-week-old Wistar rats with an average weight of 200 to 250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 each) including healthy control (C), consumption of deep-fried oils (DFO), consumption of deep-fried oils + exercise aerobics (DFO+T), Deep Fried Oils Consumption + Octapamine Supplement (DFO+O), Deep Fried Oils Consumption + Aerobic Exercise + Octapamine Supplement (DFO+TO). During the study period, deep heated oils were fed orally (gavage, 10 ml/kg) to the rats for 4 weeks. 81 µ, mol/kg octopamine was injected intraperitoneally into the supplement groups. Rats in the exercise training group also trained on a moderate-intensity treadmill of 50% vo2max in the first week and 65% vo2max in the last week. Results: The expression of DRP and cytochrome C genes increased due to oil consumption and decreased due to exercise and octopamine supplementation. Also, the lowest DRP and cytochrome C gene expression was observed in the DFO+TO group. Consumption of deep heated oil significantly reduced the concentration of MFN-1 and aerobic exercise and concomitant use of octopamine supplementation increased the expression of the MFN-1 gene compared to other groups. The interaction effect of the two variables of exercise and supplementation was not significant. Conclusion: It is possible that aerobic exercise + octopamine in combination can modify the destructive effects of deeply heated oils on the mechanism of myocardial dynamics of the heart muscle by modulating the DRP, MFN-1, and cytochrome C genes.

Introduction: Considering that family-based retention has beneficial effects on society, therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of communication-based enrichment education and solution-oriented education on relationship maintenance strategies was discussed. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, posttest with control group with 45-day follow-up. The statistical population was all couples applying for divorce who referred to the Pre-Divorce Counseling Center of the Deputy for Prevention of Justice located in Karaj in 1400-99. A total of 21 couples who were able to obtain a score lower than (45) in the Relationship Strategies Questionnaire using simple random sampling method were selected and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. (7 sessions of 90 minutes) and solution-oriented training (7 sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list. Repeated sampling of Ben Foroni post hoc test was used. Results: The results showed that the mentioned treatment in the post-test and follow-up stages had a significant effect on the couple's relationship maintenance strategies compared to the control group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that the intervention in this study can be effective in improving the relationship between couples, in this regard,it is suggested to do more research to increase external validity.

Introduction: Adolescence is the most important period for the formation of healthy habits and behaviors, and in order to eliminate body image disorders, exercise can be used as a low-cost and low-complication solution, and in the meantime, a person's perception of self-efficacy and self-esteem. It can be effective. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of body image, self-efficacy and self-esteem in sports participation of female high school students in Lahijan. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 216 students from Lahijan city were selected. Data were collected from Gale (1983), Bodybuilding et al. (1990), Scherer et al. (1982) and Rosenberg (2006) self-efficacy questionnaires using SPSS and PLS software and with the help of tests. They were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the research units is 17. 19 17 8. 4 years. The mean score of sports participation was 36. 23 and body image was 3. 42 at a good level, self-efficacy was 3. 56 and self-esteem was 3. 62 above the mean level. There was a statistically significant relationship between body image, self-efficacy and self-esteem with sports participation of female students. There was (p˂, 0 / 001). Conclusion: Body image directly plays a positive and significant role in the level of sports participation of female students, and the role of self-efficacy and self-esteem simultaneously facilitate the relationship between body image and sports participation in a positive and significant way.

Introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disease is a 21 st century disease with the common symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath is a major global threat to public health and causes a significant percentage of deaths worldwide. COVID-19 disease is spreading day by day and has affected most countries in the world so far. Strengthening the immune system is one of the most important ways to fight this disease and vitamins such as vitamin A are from the elements for immune system enhancement. Due to the special role of vitamin A in the body, its deficiency may lead to increasing the burden of infectious diseases, especially in high-risk groups. Vitamin A has a therapeutic role in diseases of the respiratory system and its mucosal cells. The present review study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin A on the treatment of infectious diseases especially the respiratory disease caused by COVID-19 and strengthen of the immune system. Materials and Methods: In this narrative review article, databases, Google scholar, PubMed and SID were searched and sources were extracted from 1998 to 2020. In the present study, 41 articles and books were reviewed. Results: The results of study showed that vitamin A deficiency during the day seems to weaken the body against viral infections such as COVID-19 and has a negative effect on strengthening the immune system. Consuming as much vitamin A can be effective on the inhibition of viral infections and have effects on acute respiratory diseases treatment including the infection caused by viruses such as COVID-19 and can strengthen the immune system. Conclusion: Therefore, suitable consumption of vitamin A is proposed, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate anxiety reactions to coronavirus based on the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional and online study after COVID-19 approval in Iran. The statistical population of this study was 200 residents of Mashhad who were randomly studied. The data collection tool was an online questionnaire and its validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. Results: In this study, there is a significant relationship between anxiety reactions and health belief model instruments (P> 0. 05), except for the structure of perceived benefits, which has no significant relationship with anxiety reactions. Radio and television are the main system of reminders. Conclusion: The results showed that according to the HBM model, people perform better preventive behaviors when they feel exposed to the corona virus.

Introduction: The rapid emergence and spread of carbapenem resistant Acanthobacter baumannii has been reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance and the frequency of carbapenemaseproducing genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients admitted to Tehran Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 99 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected from a teaching hospital in Tehran were confirmed by biochemical tests and PCR. The pattern of antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and E-test. The frequency of carbapenemase producing genes was determined by PCR. Results: The highest and lowest resistance were observed to ciprofloxacin (100%) and minocycline (21. 2%) respectively. Also 97 strains (97. 97%) showed MDR resistance pattern. In determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates for imipenem antibiotic by Etest, 93. 9% of the isolates were resistant and the MIC of imipenem for them was more than 8 μ, g / ml. In the study of the frequency of carbapenemase producing genes using PCR,The blaVIM gene had the highest frequency (94. 9%) and blaOXA58, blaOXA-143, blaKPC and bla IMP were not found in any of the isolates. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that most isolates have been resistant to clinically important beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Further studies on the rational administration of the drug in the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections are suggested.

Introduction: This study aimed at using of dendritic cells for polarization of immune response to protective one using Marshallagia marshalli antigen, which can result in production of regulatory Tcell,so that these cells could suppress Th2 immune response and then alleviate the symptom of diseases. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 15 patients with asthma and 10 healthy controls and were cultured. PBMCs were then converted to tolerogenic DCs through exposure to GM-CSF, IL-4 and Marshallagia marshalli antigen. Then, tolerogenic DCs were exposed to autologous T cells for five days and finally, the level of secreted IL-10 was measured. Results: The mean IL-10 level in the asthmatic and control groups was 143. 2 ±,6. 8, 135. 4±,5. 3 pq/ml, respectively. The results showed that IL-10 levels in both groups increased significantly (P≤, 0. 001). Moreover, IL-10 levels in the asthmatic group were higher than the control group but this is not significant (P≥, 0. 001). Conclusion: These results indicate that M. marshalli antigen can create antigen-regulating dendritic cells that increase the level of IL-10 and shift T lymphocytes to the regulatory type. It seems that this antigen parasite can be used in dendritic cell therapy to control allergic diseases.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are among the chronic diseases. Due to their nature, these types of diseases cause quality of life problems and anxiety in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on quality of life and anxiety in heart patients. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretestposttest design with a control group. From the statistical population of cardiac patients referred to Tehran Heart Hospital, 32 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research questionnaires included the quality of life of the World Health Organization (1996) and Simmons and Gahr (2005). Mindfulness-based stress reduction was applied to the experimental group for ten sessions. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that the post-test scores of quality of life and distress tolerance of heart patients in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P≤, 0. 005). Conclusion: Based on the results, mindfulness-based stress reduction was effective in improving the quality of life and tolerance of heart patients, so it can be used as a complementary therapy along with medical methods to improve psychological status (increase quality of life and tolerance). Distress) patients used cardiovascular.

Introduction: Despite the numerous cardiovascular benefits of exercise training, the exercise induced-right ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARVC) hypothesis has raised concerns in recent years about participating in intense and prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the structural, histological and functional remodeling of the right ventricle following intense and prolonged endurance training. Material and Methods: Twenty 4-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and training groups. The training protocol began with a progressive 4-week program with a frequency of three sessions per week for preparation, followed by a 12-week program with a frequency of five sessions per week for 60 minutes per week at a speed of 36 meters per minute (approximately 90% of maximum heart rate). The functional and structural parameters of the right ventricle were examined using echocardiography, and collagen in right ventricular tissue was evaluated using the red picrosirius method 24 and 48 hours after the last training session, respectively. Results: At the end of the 16-week study period, histological investigation revealed widespread interstitial collagen deposition and disruption of myocyte architecture in the exercise group's right ventricular tissue. The exercise group exhibited significantly lower ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (FS), systolic (TAPSE), and diastolic (E' wave) function of the right ventricle than the control group, according to echocardiographic findings. Conclusion: The present study showed that intense and prolonged endurance exercise may cause pathological changes, including fibro-fatty replacement of cardiomyocytes and dysfunction in the right ventricle, and may lead to fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

Introduction: Nurses are the largest group of service providers in the health system and should have a good quality of life to provide care to patients in a desirable way. The workload in the nursing profession is a critical issue. This study aimed to metaanalyze the factors affecting workload among nurses. Materials and Methods: The research method is a systematic quantitative review. The statistical population is the articles of reputable scientific journals in 1389 to 1399 and 2010 to 2020 in domestic databases such as Normgaz, SID, , Civilica, MagIran and reputable foreign databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar and Science Direct. In this research, Sandlowski and Barroso have been used. The number of samples has reached 13 articles. The effect size ratio was beta coefficient, correlation. Results: The result with meta-analysis software (CMA 2) showed that the factors affecting the workload of nurses with an average effect size of 0. 225 were obtained. The results of the meta-analysis also showed that job control with an effect size of-0. 39 and cheerfulness with an effect size of-0. 32 had the most inverse effect and gender with an impact factor of 0. 839, and motivation with an impact factor of 0. 783 had the most direct effect on It has nurses' workload. Conclusion: Nurses face a heavy workload due to the increasing population and labour shortage. In many cases, the workload that needs to be done is beyond the reach of nurses and puts a lot of pressure on people.

Introduction: Balance is an integral part of most daily activities and is also a determining factor in assessing the functional ability of athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selected TRX training course on static and dynamic balance of female athletes. Method: Twenty female athletes were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 control and experimental subjects. Before and after the training protocol, static balance (BESS balance error test) and dynamic balance (Y balance test) were evaluated. The experimental group then performed their TRX exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week). Independent dependent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference in static balance and dynamic balance before and after exercise in the experimental group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be stated that TRX exercises improve the static and dynamic balance of female athletes. Therefore, this type of training can be included as an important factor in improving balance and also preventing sports injuries in designing their training programs.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to increase general health based on teaching social-emotional skills and stress management in high school students. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included high school students in Tehran's 15th district of education in the academic year of 1998-99 (15 students in the experimental group of emotional-social skills training, 15 students in stress management training and 15 students in the control group). They received a separate form in 7 sessions of 90 minutes. The questionnaires used in this study included the academic procrastination questionnaire (Riding, 2011) and general health questionnaire 28 (GHQ-(Goldberg, 1979)). Repeated measurements and Bephrone follow-up post hoc test were analyzed. Results: The results showed that emotional-social skills training and stress management have a significant effect on increasing the mental health of high school students (p <0. 001). In addition, the results of the follow-up test showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two interventions (p <0. 001) and stress management training had a greater effect on mental health of the students than emotional-social skills training. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the training of emotional-social skills and stress management can be used as an effective training to increase mental health.

Introduction: Covid-19 can seriously damage the patients’,psychological, cognitive and emotional processes besides physiologic damages. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the health anxiety and the signs of post-traumatic stress in the patients recovered from Covid-19 with the history of hospitalization. Material and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included the patients recovered from Covid-19 with the history of hospitalization in the city of Tehran in the summer of 2020. 28 Covid-19recovered patients with the history of hospitalization were selected through snowball sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 14 patients). The experimental group received eight seventy-five sessions of mindful-based cognitive therapy during a month. The applied questionnaire included health anxiety and post-traumatic stress signs. The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method by SPSS statistical software 23. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has had significant effect on the health anxiety and the signs of post-traumatic stress in the patients recovered from Covid-19 with the history of hospitalization (p<0. 001) and led to the decrease of health anxiety and the signs of posttraumatic stress in them. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to decrease health anxiety and post-traumatic stress signs in the patients recovered from Covid-19 with the history of hospitalization through employing techniques such as cognitive process modification, mindful attention and mindful behaviors.

Introduction: Despite all the efforts made to quit addiction, the high rate of recurrence of substance use as a result of the experience of craving after quitting is worrying. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing relapse syndrome in methamphetamine abusers. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a 6-month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included all men abusing methamphetamine who referred to the Addiction Treatment Center in Kermanshah in 1397-98. By available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (mindfulness treatment, 15 people and Marix treatment, 15 people). Research instruments included a researcher-made demographic characteristics checklist and the Gorsky (1987) Addiction Relapse Warning Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures variance and Ben Foroni post hoc test. Results: The results showed that mindfulness therapy and matrix therapy in the post-test and follow-up stages had a significant effect on reducing relapse and its dimensions (feeling, thoughts, attitude and behavior). The results of Ben Foroni post hoc test also showed that mindfulness treatment was more effective than matrix treatment in reducing recurrence of consumption and its dimensions in different stages of assessment (P <0. 05). Conclusion: By using mindfulness therapy, we can have a positive effect on reducing relapse in methamphetamine abusers.

Introduction: Numerous studies have emphasized on the psychosomatic origin of psoriasis and shown that the inhibition of negative emotions can be considered as important primary causes or accelerator factors in its course. Our study conducted with a psychodermatologic approach to investigate the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group therapy (CBGT) on anger aspects, clinical manifestations, and quality of life in patients suffering from psoriasis, and to find the relation of the changes of inner anger control and anger suppression with the changes of clinical manifestations. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research was performed during October 2019 to February 2020 on 30 patients involved in cutaneous psoriasis in Mashhad. After obtaining informed consent, the patients divided into control and trial groups by randomized allocation. The State–, Trait Anger Expression Inventory II (STAXI-II), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) were assessed for both groups at the beginning of study. The patients in both groups received classic medication by dermatologist prescription for 8 weeks, and 10 sessions of 90 minutes CBGT were performed just for 15 patients in the trial group. At the end of the study, STAXI-II, DLQI, and PASI were assessed again and the data were analysed. Results: According to the results of this study, CBGT could significantly decrease the Feeling Angry, Anger Expression–, In, and Anger Control–, Out, and could meaningfully increase the Anger Control–, In, improve the quality of life, and decrees the PASI Score in patients with psoriasis in comparison to the control group. Also a positive correlation was found between the changes of Anger Expression–, In with changes in PASI Score, and a negative correlation was found between the changes of Anger Control–, In with changes in PASI Score in all the participants. Conclusion: These findings points out to the major effects of mind-body concerns in treatment of psoriatic patients and shows that the CBGT is an effective method to improve their psychological, physical and social health.

Introduction: Introduction: In the military workplace, burnout has been considered by researchers but its relationship with the resilient mind and personal values has been neglected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the structural equation modeling approach in explaining the relationship between resilient mind and personal values with burnout. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and one of the examples of correlation schemes. In this study, 400 people (382 men and 18 women) from the military working in the army air force headquarters participated as a research sample. Participants were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (1991), the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (1991), the Klaf Mental Strength Questionnaire (MTQ-48), and Sherry and Verma Personal Values (PVQ). The obtained data were analyzed by structural equation method. Results: The results showed that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition (GFI <0. 9) and resilient mind plays a mediating role in the relationship between personal values and burnout. Conclusion: The results show that personal values, with the mediation of a resilient mind, predict the rate of burnout.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most important debilitating neurological diseases in which the myelin part of the central nervous system is destroyed and causes mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy of emotional schemas on the level of hope of patients with multiple sclerosis. Method: The present research method was quasi-experimental, and the research design was pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to clinics and neurology wards of Shiraz hospitals. Forty patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Omid Schneider questionnaire was completed by both groups before the intervention of emotional schemas on the experimental group, after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention. Analysis of covariance and variance with repeated measures were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that group therapy of emotional schemas had a significant effect on hope in patients with multiple sclerosis and increased their hope and this effect lasted after 3 months (p <0. 01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that group therapy of emotional schemas can be an effective psychological intervention to increase hope in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Traumatic events such as divorce play an important role in causing alexithymia in children and parental self-efficacy. Attachment-based play therapy focuses simultaneously on the child's emotions and parental effectiveness. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy on alexithymia of children and their mother’, s parental self-efficacy in divorced family in Tehran in covid-19 pandemic. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, follow-up group. The statistical population of this study was mothers and their children in divorced families in Tehran in 1400 who responded positively to the invitation for cooperation in the present study in virtual networks. A total of 48 sample (24 children and 24 mothers) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental groups received 10 sessions of attachment-based play therapy training but the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measure. Results: The results showed that attachment-based play therapy improved emotional malaise and its components in children and increased their mothers' parenting self-efficacy (P <0. 01). Conclusion: According to the results, attention to this approach in treatment programs and counseling as an effective method to reduce emotional distress in children and increase maternal self-efficacy of parents in divorced families can be useful.

Introduction: Children with leukemia, in addition to physical problems, also suffer from mental problems, such as depression and separation anxiety,The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of play therapy and story therapy on depression and anxiety separation in children with leukemia. Method: The present study is a semi-experimental project with PretestPosttest-three-group follow-up. The statistical population of the present study included all children with leukemia who referred to the Mahak Center in 1398. In order to form three groups using purposeful sampling method, 45 children were first selected and 15 people were randomly assigned to the first experimental group, 15 to the second experimental group and 15 to the control group. Also, the follow-up phase was performed on all three groups three months after the test. The research data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results: The results of data analysis showed that compared to the control group, both treatments had a significant effect on depression and separation anxiety in children with leukemia (p <0. 05). Play therapy also had a greater effect on depression and separation anxiety (p <0. 05) than on storytelling. Conclusion: The effect of play therapy on depression and separation anxiety in children with leukemia was higher than story therapy, so it is recommended to use play therapy.

Introduction: Considering the negative and comprehensive effects of addiction on marital dynamics of addicted persons and their wives, the study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of integrated package of marital relationship enrichment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on marital satisfaction and relationship beliefs in women with addicted spouse. Materials and Methods: This is a semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, follow-up and a control group. The statistical population included all women with addicted spouse in Isfahan in 2019 that 22 women with addicted spouses referring to addiction treatment clinics and camps in Isfahan city were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The study instruments were Relationship beliefs inventory and Marital satisfaction questionnaires. Experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of integrated package of marital relationship enrichment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy but the control group did not receive any intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated that integrated package of marital relationship enrichment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy the dimensions of psychological distress and the subscales of negative automatic thoughts in post-test and follow-up (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the finding of this research integrated package of marital relationship enrichment and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on marital satisfaction and relationship beliefs in women with addicted spouse.

Introduction: First pregnancy can have damages and psychological as well as emotional distress for the mothers because of unfamiliarity with pregnancy experiences. Therefore the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching maternal-fetal attachment on the boredom in first pregnant mothers. Materials and Methods: the research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and forty-five-day follow-up period design. The statistical population included all first pregnant mothers in the city of Tehran in 2016. The samples under study were 30 first pregnant mothers with the age range of 25-35 years old who were selected through non-random sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. After selecting the sample size and replacing them into experimental and control groups, the experimental group received nine ninety-minute sessions of comprehensive teaching of maternal-fetal attachment the embryo in a month while the control group didn't receive such intervention during the study process. The applied questionnaires in the present study included boredom scale (Fahlman et al, 2011). The data from the study were analyzed trough repeated measurement ANOVA method. Results: the results of data analysis showed that teaching maternalfetal attachment has significantly influenced boredom (p<0. 001). Conclusion: according to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that teaching maternal-fetal attachment through relaxation and breathing techniques to decrease and anxiety and teaching imagery can lower first pregnant mothers' boredom. So teaching mother's attachment to the embryo can be applied as an efficient therapy to decrease boredom in first pregnant mothers.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a new method of teaching English and to compare its effectiveness with the conventional method on English language motivation in female high school students in district one of Tehran. Materials and Methods: A type of applied research with a combined method that consists of two parts, qualitative and quantitative,In the qualitative part, the content analysis method has been used and to determine the validity and validation of the formal and content validity of the protocol, experts have been used. In a small part of the quasi-experimental research design, it is a pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes the first female high school students in district one of Tehran in the academic year 1399-1399, which considering the inclusion criteria, 50 people were selected from them and then randomly divided into two groups of new methods (25 N) and the conventional method group (n = 25) were replaced and the new and common method training was performed in 14 sessions on both groups. English language motivation questionnaire was used to collect data and intra-group and extra-group analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that teaching in the new English language method was more effective in motivation than English language than the conventional method. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that English teachers can use this method as effective teaching techniques to increase students' motivation and academic achievement towards English language courses.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder in one of the most important mental problems of the veterans which bring about other difficulties for them,therefore, the present study addressed investigating the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the decrease of depression and anxiety of the veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Materials and Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included the veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder in the city of Bandar Abbas in summer and autumn of 2019 who referred to the martyrs and veterans consultation centers in the province of Hormozgan. 24 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (each group of 12 veterans). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in the current study included anxiety questionnaire, depression questionnaire and the questionnaire of post-traumatic stress disorder. The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method using SPSS 23 software. Results: The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral therapy had significant effect on the decrease of depression and anxiety of the veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0. 001) and succeeded in the decrease of their anxiety and depression. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be applied as an efficient therapy to decrease depression and anxiety of the veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder through employing techniques such as doing behavioral practices, identifying ineffective fundamental beliefs, and emotions resulting from rational and efficient thoughts.

Introduction: Among the psychological problems, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, due to their recurrent nature, impose exorbitant costs on society annually. In this regard, the present study was conducted to compare family functioning and thought-action fusion in obsessive-compulsive, bipolar and normal obsessive individuals. Materials and Methods: The present study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study consists of all obsessive-compulsive and bipolar patients hospitalized and referred to Fatemi Hospital and psychiatric clinics in Ardabil in January and February 2017 and June and July 2016 who received obsessivecompulsive disorder and bipolar disorder from specialists. From this statistical population, 40 obsessive-compulsive individuals, 40 bipolar individuals and 40 normal individuals were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments of this study were Tavitian et al. 's family performance questionnaire (1987) and Rachman and Shafran (1998) thought-action fusion questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that people with bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder have lower family functioning than normal people. Also, the mean scores of integration of thought and action in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder were higher than normal individuals. (P <0/05). Conclusion: These results indicate that family dysfunction and blurring of the thought-action line increase the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder. Therefore, paying attention to this result in psychotherapy plans and specialized interventions can be effective.

Introduction: Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been known as an effective psyco-educational method for improving the quality of life and reducing mental health disorders among patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in quality of life in schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: The population of this quasi-experimental study with the control group included all patients afflicted with chronic schizophrenia who were residual in Karaj care centers in 1394. Among these centers two were randomly selected. Then, among patients who met inclusion criteria, thirty were randomly selected and replaced in two groups,fifteen in experimental group and fifteen in control group. The experimental group received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral intervention but control group remained on the waiting list. Both groups completed Wisconsin Quality of Life Index (W-QLI), Client Questionnaire, at baseline and follow-up. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and by SPSS-22. Results: The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy does not affect the quality of life in schizophrenic patients (P< 0. 05). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is ineffective in improving the quality of life in schizophrenic patients.

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Examination of infectious agents indicates the role of some parasites, including toxocara, in causing epileptic seizures. Because toxocariasis is a preventable zoonotic worm infection, its detection and treatment can prevent the secondary consequences of epilepsy, including seizures. This study was performed for the first time in Khorasan Razavi province to determine anti-toxocara antibodies in epilepsy patients. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 60 patients with epilepsy who were examined and confirmed by a neurologist and after obtaining informed consent and completing the demographic questionnaire, the patient's blood samples were collected and serums were tested for anti-toxocara antibodies by ELISA method. Results: The results of ELISA were positive in 1 patient (1. 67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of antitoxocariasis in patients with epilepsy in Mashhad is very low. It is unlikely that the clinical signs of the disease and the damage to the nervous system of these patients can be related to Toxocara in this area. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of toxocariasis and epilepsy in Khorasan Razavi province.

Background: The testicular artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta that originates below the origin of the renal artery at the level of the second lumbar spine. This artery has variations in its origin and pathway and may originate from the renal artery, internal or common iliac, higher levels of the abdominal aorta. The main artery is the testis feeder and plays an important role in the physiology of the testes, testicular surgery and the kidney. Testicular artery variation is associated with renal anomalies and variations. Case report: During a posterior abdominal wall dissection, a 45-year-old man was observed in the department of biology and anatomy of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences after separating the parietal peritoneum from the posterior wall elements. the left testicular artery is separated from the left renal artery. Results: Knowing these variations during testicular, kidney, abdominal and pelvic surgery is important to prevent complications such as kidney hypoperfusion.

Introduction: There is mounting evidence that family functioning and Communication are linked to childhood overweight and obesity, and that both of these are associated with health-related behaviours and adverse health outcomes in children and adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to comparison of family Function, family communication and body image satisfaction among obese and normal girl students in Shahrekord Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using the causal-comparative on all the first-and second-year high school girls in the academic year 2019 in Shahrekord Province, Iran. In total, 346 individuals were selected via multistage random cluster sampling for the normal students and purposive sampling for the obese students. Data were collected using General Functioning Scale, Family communication scale and body satisfaction scales. Data analysis using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The normal students had higher family Function, family communication and body image satisfaction scores compared to the obese students, with a significant difference in this regard (P < 0. 004/). Conclusion: The main message of this research is probably related to families with obese adolescents, counselors and psychologists. It can be concluded that both in the prevention and treatment of obesity, family function and communication can be considered. Also, during adolescence, overweight and obese people have very low satisfaction with their body image.