Journal of Human and Environment
Year:2021 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 (56)|Papers Count:15

Nowadays, location surveys are very common in industrial development for all power plants. In these studies, different criteria are taken into account to select the best place to build a power plant. In the present research, in the first stage, a variety of power plants and their mode of operation were investigated. Then, in the next step, the effective parameters in the activity of the power plant, its location and its performance were determined and divided into three categories of environmental, technical, socio-economic and environmental constraints. In general, all criteria and sub-criteria were expressed in relation to the location of different types of power plants (heater, gas, combined cycle, nuclear, hydroelectric, pumped storage, waves, tidal, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, diesel and magneto-hydrodynamics). Finally, by specifying such criteria as: energy source of power plants, usability and availability of resources, costs, desirable or unfavorable effects on the human environment, and power generation capabilities, a summary of the characteristics of a power plant was identified.

Physicochemical properties of water are among the important parameters that have a special place in the health of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the quality parameters of drinking water in Abadeh to determine its health. Sampling was carried out during June and November 2015 and 15 physical and chemical parameters in 20 samples in total taken from 10 drinking water resources was determined. Physical and chemical analyses were done according to the standard methods. The study of measured mean concentration showed that all measured physical and chemical parameters (Cl, EC, NO2, NO3, pH, SO4, HCO3, F, Na, Mg, Ca, TH, TDS, temperature, turbidity) of the underground water resources were desirable and met the expectations of national and international standards. The discharge of water wells has been a significant decrease in November. On the other hand, the results showed significant positive associations between EC with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, TH, and TDS), TDS with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, and TH), TH with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, and Ca, ), Ca with (SO4, Cl, and HCO3), Cl with (SO4 and HCO3), SO4 with HCO3 and pH with F. However, the result showed significant negative associations between temperature with (pH and F). The quality of the drinking water of Abadeh city has a good and desirable condition, except for total hardness, although is in the standard range the water of this city is classified as hard water. .

Food contamination to arsenic toxic element is one of the important issues that endanger the public health and the health of living organisms. Given the importance of healthy food, controlling the concentration of arsenic to protect the health of consumers is important. Therefore, this study has been done aimed to assess the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases arsenic through consumption of some crops in both men and women in the villages Ghoojagh and Gilakloo of Qorveh County, the Kurdestan province. In this study, concentrations of arsenic, was found according to the statistical information obtained from the Water and Sewage Company Kurdestan province in crops. As well as non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was measured using indicators Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results showed that the amount of non-carcinogenic risk for arsenic for crops in both villages was less than one. Among the samples tested arsenic carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of wheat in both villages was higher than other products, that in the Gilakloo village and in women, the highest risk of carcinogenic was 3. 00 × 10-7 person. The results showed that no danger threatens the health of the studied areas. Also possibility of the risk of the carcinogenic for this element through the using of these studied products in the both villages is low.

Because of the rapid industrialization, urbanization and other communication and transport systems, noise pollution has reached to a disturbing level over the years. Plants have been suggested as an affordable and natural construction to mitigate outdoor noise pollution in comparison to concrete, metal, plastic and other man-made materials. The goal of noise control is to promote relaxation, satisfaction and well-being in urban residents. Green belt is known as one of the most important and effective method in residential areas to reduce noise pollution caused by road traffic in urban areas. A row of trees may be an effective technique than other barrier in decreasing noise pollution. In recent years, several methods have been used for measuring the effects of landscape elements on noise reduction. This study attempts to review the applied methods herein. The results showed that green elements not only mitigate noise pollution but also play important role in creating attractive scenes for people which may enhance human tolerance for noise pollution. In addition, organization of plants and their aesthetic values may have positive role on noise reduction.

Red tide is an algal bloom phenomenon which causes a lack of oxygen in the deeper water layers and with consumption of oxygen in the water, conditions for growth and aquatic life will be very hard and also can cause fish death. Algal bloom is a very complex phenomenon. In some cases, it has quite natural origin and sometimes it is occurred due to anthropogenic activities. In the absence of anthropogenic cause of this phenomenon, there are varieties of factors such as wastewater, agricultural and industrial wastewaters which contains Nitrate and Phosphate and in large quantities used in agricultural fertilizers,important factors affecting the aquatic environment are exacerbated in low-oxygen conditions. Also increase in greenhouse gases, Iron-rich dust, hydrological factors and massive changes in global climate, handling and transport of non-indigenous species through ballast water of ships and many unknown factors are affecting on occurrence of the red tide. Algal bloom could affect the fishes, aquatic organisms, and also could have negative effects on economy and health of the local peoples in the affected region.

The information about the geographical distribution and habitat selection is the core of the conservation and management of threatened species. Habitat destruction is one of the major threats to biodiversity. Therefore, knowledge of the need for biological and identify favorable habitats for wild boar have very important role in the way of habitat species management. This study is going to model the habitat of wild boar in Jassib wildlife sanctuary and determine the most important environmental factors affecting the choice of species-habitat. The provided survey has conducted in one-year period in four different seasons of the year. So Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) and software Bayvmpr was used. Information layers used as effective variables on the species consisted of, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from the source, the distance from the village, away from canals, roads, vegetation index, vegetation type, land use and distance to human development, respectively. The results of the analysis showed that ecological niche factor, Boyce index values for average algorithm median, mean geometric distance, the harmonic mean and minimum distance during four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and a one-year period is not really enough. Boyce can be concluded based on index values,the accuracy is not very good production. The reason for this variance is high, indicating low precision and low predictive power of the model. Based on index values of Boyce it can be concluded that the accuracy production is not very good. The reason is for the higher variance which indicating lower precision predictive power of the model. Thus, ecological niche factor analysis model is less functional due to low quality and small-scale habitats. The ecological niche factor analysis is not a good way to study the habitat of Jassib hogs Wildlife. Therefore, identification of species distribution and dispersion of wild boar in Jassib wildlife sanctuary have paly important role as a facilitator for executives and environmental experts and farmers in order to achieve an efficient management to reduce conflict as well as identify areas that are at high risk damage and their protection must be in a priority as well.

Plants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumers of medicinal plants, can be a good guide for planners and policy makers of the country's pharmaceutical industry. The demand for medicinal plants is influenced by various cultural and social factors. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of various social factors in the demand of medicinal plants and the impact of rangeland ecosystems on supplying plants in Isfahan. This research was carried out using a survey method. Data from this research was gathered through a questionnaire from 33 selleres of herbal medicine in Isfahan in 2015. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equaled 0. 877, which proved the credibility of the questionnaire. The results showed that Echium amoenum (57. 6%) was purchased as the largest plant, and psychiatric and psychological disorders (79. 2%) were the most common cause of referring people to Isfahan's herbal medicine stores. Also, the most medicinal plants purchased by seller of them, have been from rangeland habitats.

Nowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is between 25 and 30. In recent decades, the revitalization of these sites has attracted worldwide attention, and we are witnessing many successful projects around the world. Unfortunately, the landfill policy in Iran is still neglected. The purpose of this article is to learn from the experiences of projects carried out worldwide in order to use these experiences in the management of Iranian cities by selecting the landfill of the Xuan Valley (Garaf) as a case study and a successful project (selected 8 architectural competitions worldwide), This project has been reviewed and analyzed by reviewing the texts and interviewing the project design company. At the beginning, using the measures and strategies adopted in this project, according to the existing challenges of the site and high-level policies, the strengths and weaknesses of the project have been expertly analyzed, and finally, important factors in the project's approach to modeling have been explained. Similar projects have been discussed with regard to the current problems of Tehran in the development of landfills and the use of other cities in Iran.

Background and Objectives Nowadays, environmental challenges are one of the major and critical issues confronting humanity. One of the main causes of this crisis is lack of attention and environmental education. Understanding the attitudes towards environment of students as one of the most influential community could be basis for future planning in order to improve knowledge and awareness of the environment. So this study was aimed to investigate the agricultural student’, s attitude towards environment and identify strategies to improve it. Method This study is an applied research which utilized survey method. Target population was agricultural student of the university of Mohaghegh Ardabili (n=1929) which applying Cochran formula sample size determined as 140 people and using stratified sampling method information gathered. Research tool was a questionnaire which its validity approved by panel of expert and its reliability evaluated by Alpha Cronbach coefficient. Results The result of study showed that participants had a relatively positive attitude toward environment. Also the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that there was significant relation between attitudes and some independent variables. Regression analysis showed that 5 variables including strategies improvement, information resources, GPA, current educational semester and age defined 51% of dependent variance. Conclusion Although students had a relatively positive attitude toward environment but to lead this attitude to responsible environmental behavior, several actions must be performed on micro and macro levels. Prepare basis to provide necessary training by the responsible educational agent could lead student attitude to suitable level. Also by creating a supportive environment NGOs and supplying them, improving their environmental attitudes as well as actions carried out in order to protect the environment are accessible.

Space and deployment activities and living it requires an independent organization with administrative procedures and processes. Organization as a key point in creating a balance in the region will be remembered. The step is very important and necessary to recognize in the early stages. Space and deployment activities and living it requires an independent organization with administrative procedures and processes. Organization as a key point in creating a balance in the region will be remembered. The step is very important and necessary to recognize in the early stages. The spatial organization of the executive process is a difficult process to follow. The research is to understand the complex process of spatial organization with the goals of the region. The goal of achieving a clear and systematic process in which the spatial organization of research method is documentary and library. which are major steps to do just taken a big step towards regional balance.

Background and Objective: Environmental pollution with various organic and inorganic contaminants, pathogens, poisons, and pesticides and global warming are the most important environmental issues for the mankind. Converting of biomasses into hydro char is a novel technology that has attracted great attention of researchers in recent decade due to its potential in reducing environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of organic wastes conversion into hydro char in reducing environmental pollutions. Material and Method: In this study, to collect information, the reviewing resources method was used. So that the latest scientific findings in various sources have been reviewed. Results: Results of the studies showed that converting of organic wastes into hydro char and its application in soil causes carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gases emission from soil, increasing soil fertility and reducing the amount of water and fertilizer used in agriculture. Discussion and Conclusion: Adding hydro char to soils has been described as a means of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, and also mitigating greenhouse gases such as nitrogen oxide and methane emissions. Hydro char increases water retention capacity of soil and soil infiltration by improving soil physical properties and reduces nutrient leaching and losing by nutrients retention in soil and reducing soil erosion. In addition, hydro char has a great surface area and functional groups and can be used as an adsorbent of various pollutants especially heavy metals from water, waste water, and sewage sludge.

Assessing the long-term dynamics of society under the influence of formal and informal institutions in the field of environmental ethics and culture is considered a way to measure sustainable urban and regional development. In this way, in planning many sustainability programs, the field of culture and the prevailing tendencies of the society are among the necessities of plans and programs. This study evaluates the factors affecting the positive environmental attitudes and behaviors of Birjand citizens. The type of user research and its method is descriptive-analytical. 3 indicators of environmental awareness,Environmental attitudes and environmental behavior of individuals have been studied. The statistical population of the study is people over 18 years of age in Birjand, which has been completed in a probabilistic-stratified method and 50 questionnaires in seven districts of Birjand. In this study, about 9 hypotheses have been tested and the role of factors such as gender, age, level of education, type of education, proximity to nature, place of birth, socio-economic status, etc. in the environmental culture of individuals have been measured. The results of this study all reiterate that all people are interested in education and nature lovers,however, due to the lack of attention to the issue of culture and the lack of use of attractive and new methods of education, they distance themselves from nature in the name of protection and sometimes destroy it. In summary, the results of this study showed that older age,Closer to nature, place of birth,Socio-economic base of individuals,the level of education and environmental awareness of most people creates a kind of unconscious environmental culture.

Fire in the forests of Iran has destructed a large part of these valuable ecosystems in the recent years. Regarding to that Iran is one of the low-forest cover countries in the world, investigation of fire consequences in the forests of Iran and recognition of opposition methods to fire in these forests is essential to present a solution to decrease these fires. Fire in the forests of Iran has had an important effect in destruction of unique flora and fauna, decrease of biodiversity and decrease of qualitative value of industrial plant species in addition to the economic damages and environmental pollutions. Furthermore, the recent fires in the forests of Iran have also increased the greenhouse gas emissions which it has an important role in the warming of these ecosystems and increasing of subsequent fires occurrence in these forests. This pre-background along with human-caused intentional and non-intentional fires in these ecosystems, has increased the continuous fires occurrence in the forests of Iran. Thus, development and designing of the effective opposition methods to these fires as preventing and operating methods is essential. Many different methods of fire occurrence and spread modeling have been developed using RS and GIS technologies which it seems that these methods have the effective role in predicting and preventing of these forests.

Forage is the main product of ranges. Through determining the economic value of ranges forage, managers can be directed towards the optimal management of productivity. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of forage production in the ranges of Zemkan basin located in Kermanshah province. Calculating the value of forage production per square hectare is one of the employed methods used for this purpose. This method involves the awareness of the status of various range types and the producible rate in each range type. Using the interpretation of IRS-P6 satellite images, Liss III and Liss IV sensors, there were determined the area and kind of range types in Zemkan basin. Also, the average forage production per hectare was determined in each range type using experts' attitudes, official statistics, and the information of native individuals. Forage prices are estimated using the Hedonic pricing method as they are economically heterogeneous. The results showed that the economic rents and the expected values of each hectare of ranges are 870 and 13594 Rials per hectare in moderately dense ranges and 580 and 9063 Rials per hectare in low-dense ones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the related ranges can play a significant role in both local and regional economy.

The aim of this research was Study on soil chemical and physical properties at various depths of Hamoun wetland soil ecosystem causes in recent decade floods. In this research soil samples were taken from the 0-5, 5-50, 50-75 and 75-100 cm depth at each location, and analyzed for pH, EC, ESP, CaCO3, organic mater, organic carbon, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, SAR, SP, calcium and texture. The data was organized and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. 0 for windows. The data shows that pH, EC, ESP, CaCO3, organic mater, organic carbon, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, SAR, SP, calcium and clay has been indirectly relationship with depth. The relationships between this parameters and soil depth has significantly in 1% level